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Mitotic rate and subcutaneous involvement are prognostic factors for survival after recurrence in patients with only locoregional skin metastasis as the first site of recurrence from cutaneous melanoma.
|
BACKGROUND: Few reports on literature give detailed figures on prognostic factors of locoregional skin recurrence in cutaneous melanoma.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and histological prognostic factors following development of locoregional cutaneous metastasis as the only progression site from melanoma.METHODS: Data from 1327 stage I and II melanoma patients who visited Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog?a and Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia from 2000 to 2010 were documented in a prospective manner. During follow up, 112 (8.4%) of them developed recurrent disease. A retrospective analysis revealed a subset of 36 patients with locoregional cutaneous metastases as a first event.RESULTS: Significant prognostic factors in the univariate analysis were Breslow thickness, tumor mitotic rate and the presence subcutaneous involvement of the skin metastasis. After multivariate analysis the independent predictive factors for survival after recurrence were tumor mitotic rate (hazard ratio [HR]: 8.6; 95% CI: 1.0-77.2) and subcutaneous involvement of the skin metastasis (HR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.0-18.5).CONCLUSION: The survival after recurrence of melanoma patients that has relapsed with only locoregional cutaneous metastasis depends on the mitotic rate of the primary tumor and the subcutaneous involvement of the metastasis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitosis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prognosis', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate']
| 22,303,982
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Steady-state humic-acid-containing blanket in upflow suspended bed.
|
We investigated the effects of turbidity and concentration of humic acid on the steady-state behavior of the blanket, which was coagulated using polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as coagulant. The three-dimensional solid-flux plot was constructed. Based on fixed PACl dosage, the iso-humic-acid solid-flux surfaces stacked that enveloped the feasible regime for the blanket bed. The steady-state point moved toward low solid flux and low solid fraction regime with decreasing initial raw water turbidity and/or increasing humic-acid concentration. Low water turbidity and high humic-acid concentration yielded a bulky blanket, with the former producing clean, and the latter turbid effluent. The presence of humic acid was thereby harmful to blanket strength, except for the case of low raw water turbidity. An optimal range of humic acid for blanket strength and clarification efficiency existed at 1 mg l(-1). Low level of humic acid is beneficial to blanket development with low-turbidity raw water.
|
['Aluminum Chloride', 'Aluminum Compounds', 'Chlorides', 'Coagulants', 'Drinking', 'Flocculation', 'Humic Substances', 'Nephelometry and Turbidimetry', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Movements', 'Water Purification', 'Water Supply']
| 15,743,628
|
[['D01.056.031', 'D01.210.450.150.025'], ['D01.056'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['D27.505.954.502.270'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['E05.196.150.347', 'G02.159.347'], ['D02.241.444', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.377', 'D20.721.500'], ['E05.196.712.650'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['G16.500.971', 'N06.230.132.644.750', 'N06.230.850'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of conditioned medium from different cultured cell types on aromatase expression in adipose stromal cells.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum-free (SF) conditioned media (CM) from several human breast cancer cell lines and primary stromal cell cultures contain factor(s) that mimic the marked stimulatory effects of serum on aromatase activity and aromatase P450 (P450arom) gene expression in adipose stromal cells in culture (ASC) in the presence of dexamethasone (DEX).METHODS: Adipose stromal cells, harvested from fresh adipose specimens, were grown to confluence, switched to SF media, and then incubated in the presence or absence of DEX with CM from T47-D breast cancer cells, pre-treated with or without 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and with CM from stromal cell cultures. Aromatase activity of the ASC was determined by the [3H] water release assay. Total RNA was isolated, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of various 5'-termini.RESULTS: T47-D CM stimulated aromatase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, similar to that of serum, in ASC incubated with DEX. Estrogen potentiated this in a dose-dependent fashion. The ASC CM and endometrial stromal cell CM also markedly induced aromatase activity in ASC. Heat inactivation destroyed the stimulating ability of CM. The majority of P450arom 5'-termini expressed by ASC incubated with CM plus DEX contained the promoter I.4-specific sequence.CONCLUSIONS: Conditioned media from several breast cancer cell lines and primary stromal cell cultures can mimic the effects of serum in the presence of DEX to stimulate aromatase activity in ASC. These results suggest that undefined, heat-labile and proteinaceous factors are present in CM that stimulate P450arom expression in a fashion similar to that of serum.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Aromatase', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Culture Media, Serum-Free', 'DNA Primers', 'Dexamethasone', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Antagonists', 'Female', 'Fulvestrant', 'Humans', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stromal Cells', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,420,848
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['D08.244.453.489.500', 'D08.244.453.915.099', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.447.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.099', 'D12.776.422.220.453.489.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.099'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['D27.720.470.305.255', 'E07.206.255'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.347.295', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248.660', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A11.329.830'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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|
Clinical validation of dried blood spot sampling in therapeutic drug monitoring of ciclosporin A in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: direct comparison between capillary and venous sampling.
|
BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive drug ciclosporin A has a narrow therapeutic window and a large inter- and intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability. Therapeutic drug monitoring of ciclosporin is usually performed in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood, obtained by venous sampling. Dried blood spot sampling (DBS) could be a useful alternative sampling method, which also easily allows multiple sampling, for example, for obtaining area under the curve. With DBS, capillary blood is obtained from a finger prick with an automatic lancet by the patients themselves, and the drop of blood is applied to sampling paper. This may limit the number and duration of hospital visits for these patients.METHODS: We describe a validation study in which venous and finger prick blood samples were collected at the same time. Venous sampling was performed by venipuncture, and the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples were collected and stored at 4°C until analysis. Finger prick blood samples were collected using an automatic lancing device. The volume of the blood drops of patients was approximately 30 ìL, and blood spots of about 10-mm diameter were produced. Paper disks with a diameter of 8 mm were punched out with an electromagnetic-driven hole puncher. DBS was compared with the routine assay in venous blood. The study population consisted of adult patients (18 years or older) who were treated with ciclosporin A and routinely monitored for adequate blood concentrations.RESULTS: Thirty-eight duplicate dried blood spots and venous samples were studied. Using weighted Deming regression, the slope was 1.01 with a standard error of 0.03 associated with an intercept of -9.0 (standard error = 5.9). These results indicate that there is no significant difference between the 2 sampling methods. For the medical decision level of 300 mcg/L, the bias was -4.7 mcg/L with a 95% confidence interval of -19.2 to 9.8 mcg/L. The Altman-Bland plot showed no difference between the 2 sampling methods.CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that DBS is a valid alternative for conventional venous sampling in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Capillaries', 'Cyclosporine', 'Dried Blood Spot Testing', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Edetic Acid', 'Fingers', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Phlebotomy', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Transplantation', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Veins']
| 23,296,096
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.232', 'E05.200.124.100.232'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E01.370.225.998.110.625', 'E02.800.558', 'E04.665.150.625', 'E05.200.998.110.625'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['E04.936'], ['E04.936.864'], ['A07.015.908']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Modulation in aquaglyceroporin AQP1 gene transcript levels in drug-resistant Leishmania.
|
Antimonial-containing drugs are the first line of treatment against the parasite Leishmania. Resistance to antimonials has been correlated to its reduced accumulation. We used a dominant negative functional cloning strategy where a Leishmania mexicana expression cosmid bank was transfected in cells resistant to trivalent antimony (SbIII). Cells were selected for increased sensitivity to SbIII. One cosmid was isolated that could bestow SbIII sensitivity to resistant cells. The gene part of this cosmid that is responsible for increased SbIII sensitivity corresponds to AQP1, an aquaglyceroporin. AQP1 was recently shown to be a route by which SbIII can accumulate in Leishmania cells. Transport studies have shown that the L. mexicana AQP1 can restore SbIII transport in resistant cells. Southern blot analysis indicated that the copy number of neither the AQP1 gene nor the other AQP homologues was changed in antimony-resistant mutants of several Leishmania species. The AQP1 gene sequence was also unchanged in mutants. However, the AQP1 RNA levels were downregulated in several Leishmania promastigote species resistant to antimonials. In general, but not always, the level of AQP1 transcript levels correlated well with the accumulation of SbIII and resistance levels in Leishmania cells. AQP1 thus appears to be a key determinant of antimonials accumulation and susceptibility in Leishmania.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antimony', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Drug Resistance', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Leishmania', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Parasitic Sensitivity Tests', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 16,135,234
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.513.124', 'D01.268.556.050', 'D01.552.544.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100'], ['A11.251'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.268.475.868.488'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E01.370.225.940', 'E05.200.940', 'E05.337.550.700'], ['D12.776.820'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
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[Urethral amyloidosis].
|
Localized amyloidosis of the urethra is a rare pathological entity. Biopsy is required to make the appropriate diagnosis. Although localized therapy is available for obstructing, symptomatic lesions, asymptomatic lesions may be followed with conservative management and spontaneous regression has been reported. An appropriate medical evaluation should be performed to determine the presence of systemic amyloidosis.
|
['Adult', 'Amyloidosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Urethral Diseases']
| 11,899,740
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.845.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.767', 'C13.351.968.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The recruitment of leukocytes and their interaction with the vessel wall: the role of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor.
|
The vascular endothelium has long been considered to have very little or no active function in inflammatory reactions and hemostasis. However, it has been recently discovered that endothelial cells can dramatically change their functional competence in response to the mononuclear phagocyte products interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). IL-1 induces synthesis of prostacyclin, platelet activating factor, thromboplastin and plasminogen activator inhibitor. Both IL-1 and TNF cause leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. On the other hand endothelial cells can themselves initiate the immune response through synthesis and release of IL-1. TNF, released in tissues may act as a chemoattractant and further promote interaction of leukocytes with the vascular lining. IL-1 and TNF can therefore act as a communications signal between circulating cells and the vessel wall and play an important role in the inflammatory and coagulation disorders.
|
['Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Leukocytes', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 3,502,509
|
[['G04.198.424.233'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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Pharmaceutical development and preclinical evaluation of a GMP-grade anti-inflammatory nanotherapy.
|
UNLABELLED: The present study describes the development of a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade liposomal nanotherapy containing prednisolone phosphate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. After formulation design, GMP production was commenced which yielded consistent, stable liposomes sized 100nm±10nm, with a prednisolone phosphate (PLP) incorporation efficiency of 3%-5%. Pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of GMP-grade liposomal nanoparticles were evaluated in healthy rats, which were compared to daily and weekly administration of free prednisolone phosphate, revealing a long circulatory half-life with minimal side effects. Subsequently, non-invasive multimodal clinical imaging after liposomal nanotherapy's intravenous administration revealed anti-inflammatory effects on the vessel wall of atherosclerotic rabbits. The present program led to institutional review board approval for two clinical trials with patients with atherosclerosis.FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: In drug discovery, bringing production to industrial scale is an essential process. In this article the authors describe the development of an anti-inflammatory nanoparticle according to good manufacturing practice. As a result, this paves the way for translating laboratory studies to clinical trials in humans.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Aorta', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Half-Life', 'Humans', 'Liposomes', 'Male', 'Prednisolone', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 25,791,805
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CO 2 laser surgery in hemophilia treatment.
|
The use of CO 2 laser surgery between 1985 and 1991 in South Africa and Portugal for treatment of disorders in patients with mild to moderate cases of hemophilia A is discussed. Six cases of oral procedures and excision of skin tumors performed during this period are reported. In most of the cases of mild hemophilia no pre- or postoperative infusion of Factor VIII or desmopressin (DDAVP) was required. In some cases of moderate hemophilia, patients were infused with desmopressin (0.3 mug/kg body weight) and were treated postoperatively with the use of nasal desmopressin spray (150 mug to each nostril for four weeks following surgery). Factor VIII levels were measured before surgery. Follow up of four weeks was uneventful. The mean average power of the CO 2 laser was 20 W continuous and the pulse duration was 0.1 s for ablational procedures. For dermatologic procedures, a flexible plastic CO 2 laser hollow fiber was used (Flexilase, Sharplan, Allandale, NJ). We concluded that CO 2 laser surgery for hemophiliacs has a confirmed place in modern laser technology provided the standard precautions are taken and facilities are available.
|
['Adult', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Gingival Hemorrhage', 'Hemangioma', 'Hemophilia A', 'Hemorrhoids', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Keratoacanthoma', 'Laser Therapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Papilloma', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 10,183,941
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['C07.465.625.446', 'C07.465.714.258.250', 'C23.550.414.922.500'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['C15.378.100.100.500', 'C15.378.100.141.500', 'C15.378.463.500', 'C16.320.099.500'], ['C06.405.469.860.401', 'C14.907.449'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C17.800.417'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Novel beta-lactam derivatives: potent and selective inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the human 20S proteasome.
|
A series of beta-lactam derivatives has been designed and synthesized to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of the human 20S proteasome. The most potent compounds of this new structural class of beta-subunit selective 20S proteasome inhibitors exhibit IC50 values in the low-nanomolar range and show good selectivity over the trypsin-like and post-glutamyl-peptide hydrolytic activities of the enzyme.
|
['Chymotrypsin', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Drug Design', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Peptides', 'Proteasome Inhibitors', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Trypsin Inhibitors', 'beta-Lactams']
| 17,095,212
|
[['D08.811.277.656.300.760.176', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.176'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D12.644'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.705'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.900'], ['D02.065.589.099', 'D02.886.108', 'D03.633.100.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential and low tyrosine phosphorylation preferentially bind to oviduct explants in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).
|
Although it is understood that spermatozoa are subjected to selection processes to form a functional sperm reservoir in the oviduct, the mechanism remains obscure. With the aim to understand the sperm selection process in the oviduct, in the present in vitro study, we analyzed mitochondrial membrane potential and tyrosine phosphorylation status in oviduct-explants bound and unbound spermatozoa. Frozen semen from Murrah buffalo bulls (n=10) used under progeny testing programme were utilized for the study. Oviduct explants were prepared by overnight culture of epithelial cells in TCM- 199 and washed spermatozoa were added to the oviduct explants and incubated for 4h. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and tyrosine phosphorylation status of bound and unbound spermatozoa were assessed at 1h and 4h of incubation. The proportion of spermatozoa with high MMP was significantly higher (P<0.001) among the bound spermatozoa (range 84.67-96.56%) compared to unbound (range 8.70-21.03%) spermatozoa. The proportion of tyrosine phosphorylated spermatozoa was significantly higher (P<0.001) among unbound population as compared to bound population. The proportion of spermatozoa displaying tyrosine phosphorylation at acrosomal area was significantly (P<0.05) lower in bound sperm population compared to unbound population. It was inferred that spermatozoa with high MMP and low tyrosine phosphorylation were preferred for oviduct-explants binding in the buffalo.
|
['Animals', 'Buffaloes', 'Female', 'Male', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Oviducts', 'Phosphorylation', 'Spermatozoa', 'Tissue Culture Techniques', 'Tyrosine']
| 28,262,463
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.135'], ['G03.295.770.500', 'G04.580.550', 'G07.265.675.550'], ['A13.706'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['E05.481.500.617'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Iron overload augments the development of atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits.
|
Iron, a major oxidant in vivo, could be involved in atherosclerosis through the induction of the formation of oxidized LDL, a major atherogenic factor. This study was designed to test this hypothesis experimentally. Four groups of New Zealand White rabbits were included: iron-overloaded/hypercholesterolemic (group A, n = 8), iron-overloaded (group B, n = 6), hypercholesterolemic (group C, n = 6), and untreated (group D, n = 6). Iron overload was achieved by the intramuscular administration of 1.5 g of iron dextran divided in 30 doses. Hypercholesterolemia was produced by feeding rabbit chow enriched with 0.5% (wt/wt) cholesterol. Serum iron, ferritin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoperoxides in serum were measured throughout the study. Lipoperoxides were measured at the end of the study in liver, aorta, and spleen homogenates. Aortas of groups A and C had multiple lesions; however, group A had greater lesional involvement than group C (P < .05). Lesions were not observed in rabbits fed normal chow (group D). As expected, serum iron and ferritin were above normal levels in groups A and B. Serum cholesterol increased in groups A and C. Lipoperoxides in liver and spleen homogenates of iron-overloaded rabbits were increased. Interestingly, iron deposits were seen by ultrastructural studies in the arterial walls of rabbits in groups A and B. Our study suggests that iron overload augments the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Cholesterol', 'Dextrans', 'Diet, Atherogenic', 'Ferritins', 'Hematocrit', 'Iron', 'Lipid Peroxides', 'Male', 'Rabbits']
| 7,542,998
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['G07.203.650.240.242'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.637', 'D01.339.431.374.637', 'D01.650.550.750.600', 'D02.389.338.450', 'D10.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The first and second cinchona rearrangement. Two fundamental transformations of alkaloid chemistry.
|
Stereochemistry, products, and driving forces of the "first and second Cinchona rearrangement" have been investigated and a unified theory is presented. The first cage expansion affords [3.2.2]azabicyclic alpha-amino ether and is formulated via a configurationally stable bridgehead iminium ion and quasiequatorial nucleophilic attack. The second cage expansion affords beta-functionalized [3.2.2]azabicycles. In this case a nonclassical nitrogen-bridged cation is postulated to account for retention of configuration and potential reversibility of the cage expansion. The second rearrangement is favored for the so-called cinch bases (6'-R = H) in trifluoroethanol. Stereoelectronic factors, electron demand at C9, ground state conformation, and solvent type are crucial in all cases. A two-step protocol for preparing 9-epi-configured Cinchona alkaloids from 9-nat precursors is described.
|
['Animals', 'Aza Compounds', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Cinchona', 'Cinchona Alkaloids', 'Hydrolysis', 'Molecular Structure', 'Quinine', 'Silver', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Tartrates', 'Trifluoroethanol']
| 15,104,435
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.145'], ['D03.605.084'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.456.937.250'], ['D03.132.206'], ['G02.380'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.132.206.719', 'D03.605.687.762', 'D03.633.100.810.762'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D02.241.081.337.864', 'D02.241.081.844.759', 'D02.241.511.902.759', 'D09.811.779'], ['D02.033.375.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A University of California State-supported AIDS research award program--a unique state and university partnership in AIDS research.
|
This article describes the State-supported University of California AIDS research award program and its major accomplishments. It shows how a partnership between a University and a State resulted in the formation of a successful, efficient, and cost-effective AIDS research award program. This program provides funds for rapid testing of investigator-initiated meritorious research ideas, new drugs, and treatment modalities. Funds were also utilized to establish three AIDS Clinical Research Centers, which evolved into regional consortia that coordinate trials of new drugs and other modalities. This program succeeded in involving investigators whose efforts have led to excellent medical care, advanced technologies, and new drugs for treating AIDS and AIDS-related diseases. The University remains committed to continuing support of all areas of AIDS research, emphasizing drug and vaccine development, pediatric AIDS, and AIDS prevention studies in groups at high risk for HIV infection.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Awards and Prizes', 'California', 'Research', 'Research Support as Topic', 'Universities']
| 2,056,014
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['K01.150'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['H01.770.644'], ['N03.219.483.645'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Serum lectins from the scorpion Vaejovis spinigerus Wood bind sialic acids.
|
We have partially characterized the specificity of serum lectins from the scorpion Vaejovis spinigerus Wood. Agglutination, crossed-absorption and hemagglutination-inhibition patterns were similar but not identical to serum lectins from other members from the family Vaejovidae , and different from the Buthidae species studied so far. V. spinigerus serum lectins bind sialic acids and sialoconjugates , but also bind 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, uronic acids and N- acylaminosugars , all substances present in bacterial cell walls suggesting that they might be involved in defense functions.
|
['Animals', 'Hemagglutinins', 'Lectins', 'Scorpions', 'Sialoglycoproteins', 'Species Specificity', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 6,723,914
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.477.136.377'], ['D12.776.503'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.661'], ['D12.644.233.800', 'D12.776.395.700'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Deepwater horizon oil spill: mental health effects on residents in heavily affected areas.
|
BACKGROUND: Mental health issues are a significant concern after disasters such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. This study was designed to assess the mental health effects on residents of areas of southeastern Louisiana affected by the oil spill.METHODS: Telephone and face-to-face interviews were conducted with residents (N = 452) assessing concerns and direct impact.RESULTS: The results show that the greatest effect on mental health related to the extent of disruption to participants' lives, work, family, and social engagement, with increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. Given the location of the oil spill affecting communities that had been devastated by Hurricane Katrina, results also revealed that losses from Hurricane Katrina were highly associated with negative mental health outcomes. Conversely, the ability to rebound after adversity and place satisfaction were highly associated with better mental health outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced understanding of mental health effects after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill will help in determining directions for much-needed mental health services after the disaster and in contributing to the knowledge of complex traumatization and the ability to rebound after adversity.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Community Mental Health Services', 'Depression', 'Disasters', 'Female', 'Gulf of Mexico', 'Humans', 'Interview, Psychological', 'Louisiana', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Petroleum', 'Petroleum Pollution', 'Psychometrics', 'Public Health', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Social Environment', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Water Pollution', 'Young Adult']
| 22,146,666
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['N06.230.100'], ['Z01.756.092.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.669.599'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.480'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['D20.345.630', 'N06.230.132.258.630'], ['N06.850.460.660'], ['F04.711.780'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['N06.850.460.790'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[McArdle's disease in a 14-year-old girl with fatigability and raised muscle enzymes].
|
INTRODUCTION: McArdle's disease is a disorder of muscle energy metabolism caused by a deficit of muscle phosphorylase. The typical form presents with fatigability muscle cramps and pains triggered by physical exercise. Some cases have few symptoms. We report the case of a 14 year old girl diagnosed on finding a significantly raised CPK, studied following her complaint of fatigability.CLINICAL CASE: A 14 year old girl presented with a CPK of 1,243 UI/l (normal 10-32) which had been requested in view of her fatigability. She had never had cramps, muscle pains or dark urine. Neurological examination was normal. The levels of CPK after intense exercise on the previous days were 7,459 UI/l, and after rest for one week were 283 UI/l (normal 25-230). The ischemic exercise test showed that she was unable to finish the test, with flat lactate and pyruvate curves and markedly raised ammonia (basal 89 and maximum 571 micrograms/dl). On muscle biopsy, the morphology of the striated muscle was seen to be normal and staining for myophosphorylase was negative.CONCLUSIONS: The fluctuations of muscle enzyme levels in relation to exercise orientate the diagnosis towards a disorder of muscle energy metabolism. To detect this, the investigation should be carried out following severe exercise for several days and then compared with a further test after some days of rest. The ischemic exercise test permits identification of defects of glycogenolysis, orientating the choice of suitable histochemical, enzymatic or molecular biological tests.
|
['Adolescent', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Glycogen Storage Disease Type V', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Phosphorylases', 'Pyruvic Acid']
| 10,919,189
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['G03.295'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['C23.888.369'], ['C16.320.565.202.449.560', 'C18.452.648.202.449.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460.400'], ['D02.241.755.812.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vitamin A deficiency leads to severe functional disturbance of the intestinal epithelium enzymes associated with diarrhoea and increased bacterial translocation in gnotobiotic rats.
|
A disturbance of the integrity of the intestinal epithelium with an increased risk for bacterial translocation is one of the suggested factors underlying the increased incidence of infections and septicaemia during vitamin A deficiency. In the present study the effects of vitamin A deficiency on the enzymic activity of enterocytes in response to bacterial colonization with a non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain were studied in monocolonized and conventional Wistar rats. The monocolonized, but not the conventional, vitamin A-deficient rats had markedly reduced weight compared to their pair-fed controls and presented neurological symptoms, such as hind leg weakness, tremor and slow gait. Moreover, only in the monocolonized vitamin A-deficient rats were severe diarrhoea and bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites-mainly kidneys-detected. Measurements of enterocyte brush-border enzyme activities revealed that lactase, sucrase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) were significantly reduced in the monocolonized vitamin A-deficient rats compared to the pair-fed controls, indicating a severe functional disturbance of the enterocytes. In conventional vitamin A-deficient rats only sucrase activity was markedly lower than in the respective controls. Our observation, that the deficient vitamin A status led to a strong reduction of enterocyte enzymic activities, associated with diarrhoea and increased bacterial translocation, mainly in the gnotobiotic rats, suggests that the composition of the bacterial flora, i.e. the colonization state, has a strong influence on triggering the severity of the functional disturbances of the intestinal epithelium, and adds to the clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency.
|
['Animals', 'Bacteremia', 'Bacterial Translocation', 'Diarrhea', 'Enterocytes', 'Escherichia coli', 'Germ-Free Life', 'Jejunum', 'Microvilli', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vitamin A Deficiency']
| 12,737,996
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['G06.099.114'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['A03.556.124.369.290', 'A10.615.550.444.290', 'A11.436.290'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G06.320'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['A11.284.180.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.628']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats.
|
The study was designed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on paracetamol poisoning in rats. Twenty five male Wistar rats were used in this study. They were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats. Groups I and II received normal saline (0.9% physiological saline). Animal in groups III-V were administered Cnidoscolus aconitifolius at 100, 500 and 1,000 mg kg(-1), respectively for 7 days. All animal in groups II-V were given paracetamol at 3 g kg(-1) by gastric gavage on days 8 and 9. Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 10 after an overnight fast. Paracetamol overdose caused significant (p<0.05) increase in the plasma Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides (TAG) with total cholesterol (TC) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) and significant (p<0.05) decrease Total Protein (TP) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) in rats treated with paracetamol alone when compared with rats pre-treated with extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Pre-treatment with ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius led to significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum ALT, ALP, AST, LDL and BUN when compared with the paracetamol treated rats in dose-dependent manner. The extract also similarly caused significant (p<0.05) increase in HDL values compared with paracetamol treated group. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius can ameliorate paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Significant hepato-protective activity was observed in rats treated with the dose of 1000 mg kg(-1) b.wt.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Analgesics, Non-Narcotic', 'Animals', 'Ethanol', 'Euphorbiaceae', 'Liver', 'Liver Diseases', 'Male', 'Plant Extracts', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 20,437,682
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040', 'D27.505.954.427.040.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.033.375'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Primary cleft nasal repair: the composite V-Y flap with extended mucosal tab.
|
A method of primary cleft lip nasal repair utilizing a medially based composite alar flap with a mucosal tab extension is presented. The procedure modifies, with a 5- to 6-mm mucosal tab extension, a previously described chondromucosal flap technique. Most cases were done concurrent with a modified Tennison lip repair. The flap consists of the lateral crus of the alar cartilage, together with its vestibular lining. The flap is advanced medially so the dome provides the tip support for the affected side of the nose. The goal is to restore symmetry, obviating the need for future major nasal surgery. Experience with this technique in 32 patients over 4 years is reported. Although encouraged by our results, it is anticipated significant percentage of patients will still benefit from secondary nasal surgery when their nasal growth is complete.
|
['Cleft Lip', 'Humans', 'Nasal Septum', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Suture Techniques']
| 15,269,575
|
[['C07.465.409.225', 'C07.465.525.164', 'C07.650.525.164', 'C16.131.850.525.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.531.591'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E04.987.775']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reducing Barriers to Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for People With Cognitive Impairments.
|
The field of rehabilitation has increasingly called for the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in research and practice. Given that many rehabilitation patients present with conditions associated with cognitive impairments, it is imperative to reduce barriers to PROM use for this population. The purpose of this article is to develop a comprehensive understanding of cognitive accessibility that can prospectively inform the design of PROMs. We put forth the following definition of cognitive accessibility for PROMs: cognitive accessibility is present when assessment design anticipates respondent variability in cognitive abilities and, to the greatest extent possible, reduces cognitive demands and/or supports cognitive processes to enable respondents with a range of cognitive abilities to interpret and respond to assessment items as intended. Our operationalization of cognitive accessibility in measurement in the field of rehabilitation is informed by 2 assumptions: (1) cognitive accessibility results from an interaction between the individual's capacities and the demands of the assessment and assessment context, and (2) individuals with cognitive impairments have the right to be involved in decisions about their lives, including health care decisions. This article proposes 3 design features that can be optimized for cognitive accessibility: content, layout, and administration procedures. We end with a discussion of next steps that the field of rehabilitation measurement can undertake to advance our understanding of cognitive accessibility.
|
['Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Humans', 'Patient Outcome Assessment', 'Patient Reported Outcome Measures', 'Physical Therapy Modalities']
| 28,400,180
|
[['F03.615.250.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.559.590.399', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399'], ['E05.318.308.980.344.500', 'N03.349.380.210.750', 'N04.761.559.590.399.875', 'N05.425.210.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344.500', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399.875', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344.500'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Is drug-induced hepatitis related to the severity of tuberculous meningitis?
|
Background: Drug-induced hepatitis (DIH) occurs more commonly in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) than non-CNS tuberculosis. We evaluate DIH in TBM and its relationship with disease severity and surrogate markers of stress.Methods: Sixty-seven patients with TBM were included prospectively. The diagnosis of DIH was based on five times elevation of alanine amino transferase (ALT) in asymptomatic and three times in symptomatic patients, serum bilirubin 1.5 mg/dL or more occurring after 3 days of antitubercular drugs without any other cause of liver dysfunction; and improvement in liver function upon drug withdrawal. Stage of TBM, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, signs of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), ESR, C-reactive protein (CRP), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), serum cortisol and MRI findings were noted on admission and during DIH.Results: A total of 32.8% (22/67) patients with TBM developed DIH that was associated with worsening in GCS score (p=0.01), stage TBM (p=0.02), SIRS parameters (p=0.04), ESR (p=0.04) and CRP (p<0.01) compared with their baseline. Stage of TBM independently predicted DIH (OR=0.42, 95% CI, 0.18-1.0; p=0.04)]. Drug-induced hepatitis occurred with paradoxical worsening in 11 patients and had higher mortality (32% vs 7%; p=0.01).Conclusion: DIH occurred in 32.8% (22/67) of patients with TBM, and was related to the severity of TBM and possibly to the accompanying 'physiological stress'.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Bilirubin', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Female', 'Hepatitis, Autoimmune', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Tuberculosis, Meningeal', 'Young Adult']
| 29,438,557
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['C06.552.380.350.300', 'C20.111.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G07.775'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.937', 'C01.150.252.223.850.800', 'C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.570.600', 'C01.207.180.500.937', 'C01.207.180.850.800', 'C10.228.228.180.500.937', 'C10.228.228.180.850.800', 'C10.228.614.280.915'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The place of Homo floresiensis in human evolution.
|
Two main evolutionary scenarios have been proposed to explain the presence of the small-bodied and small-brained Homo floresiensis species on the remote Indonesian island of Flores in the Late Pleistocene. According to these two scenarios, H. floresiensis was a dwarfed descendent of H. erectus or a late-surviving remnant of a older lineage, perhaps descended from H. habilis. Each scenario has interesting and important implications for hominin biogeography, body size evolution, brain evolution and morphological convergences. Careful evaluation reveals that only a small number of characters support each of these scenarios uniquely. H. floresiensis exhibits a cranial shape and many cranial characters that appear to be shared derived traits with H. erectus, but postcranial traits are more primitive and resemble those of early Homo or even australopiths. Mandibular and dental traits show a mix of derived and primitive features. Unfortunately, many traits cannot be used to assess these two hypotheses because their distribution in H. erectus, early Homo (e.g., H. habilis), or both is unknown. H. erectus ancestry implies evolutionary convergence on a postcranial configuration similar to australopiths and early Homo, which could be explained by a return to more climbing behaviors. Body size reduction as well as brain size reduction on a scale only rarely documented in mammals would also accompany the origin of H. floresiensis from a H. erectus ancestor. H. habilis ancestry implies parallel evolution of numerous cranial characters, as well as a few dentognathic traits. A pre-H. erectus ancestry also suggests an early migration to Southeast Asia that is as yet undocumented in mainland Asia, but minimal body and brain size reduction.
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['Animals', 'Anthropology, Physical', 'Biological Evolution', 'Body Size', 'Hominidae']
| 26,829,572
|
[['B01.050'], ['I01.076.368'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400']]
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['Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Impact of a parenting program in a high-risk, multi-ethnic community: the PALS trial.
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BACKGROUND: Parenting programs have been shown to work when delivered to motivated ethnic majority parents in demonstration projects, but comparatively little is known about their impact when delivered to high-risk, multi-ethnic populations by routine local services.METHODS: The Primary Age Learning Skills (PALS) trial was a randomized controlled trial of an evidence-based parenting-group program that targeted the parent-child relationship and child literacy. Parents of 174 children were selected from a population of 672 5- and 6-year-olds attending four primary schools in a high-risk, ethnically diverse, inner-city area. Eighty-eight children were allocated to the Incredible Years preventive program plus a shortened six-week version of the SPOKES literacy program, delivered by local services; 86 to usual community services; 152/174 (87%) of families were successfully followed up. Parent-child relationship quality and child behavior were measured using direct observation and parent interview; child reading was assessed psychometrically.RESULTS: Two-thirds (58/89) of those offered the parenting program attended at least one session, with similar enrollment rates across the Black African, African-Caribbean, White-British and Other ethnic groups. Mean attendance was four relationship-building sessions and one literacy-development session. Satisfaction questionnaires were completed by 43/58 starters; 93% said they were well or extremely satisfied, with equally high rates across ethnic groups. At follow-up after one year, those allocated to the intervention showed significant improvements in the parent-child relationship on observation and at interview compared to controls; effects were similar across all ethnic groups. However, child behavior problems and reading did not improve. The cost was £1,343 ($2,100) per child.CONCLUSIONS: Programs can be organized to be engaging and effective in improving parenting among high-risk, multi-ethnic communities, which is of considerable value. To also be cost-effective in achieving child changes may require a set-up that enables parents to attend more sessions and/or an exclusive focus on children with clinically significant behavior problems.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Child, Preschool', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parenting', 'Parents', 'Psychometrics', 'Reading', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Social Environment']
| 20,868,373
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['F03.625.141'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['F04.711.780'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['I01.880.853.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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[Gerasimov effect of an alternating magnetic field on clinical characteristics of peripheral blood from women suffering tuboperitoneal infertility of inflammatory origin].
|
The influence of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) on the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, differential blood cell count, and pH values in peripheral blood was studied in 15 woman volunteers suffering tuboperitoneal infertility (TPI) of inflammatory origin. They were found to have a significantly (p < 0.05) lower number of erythrocytes, absolute number of stab neutrophils, and relative number of segmented neutrophils compared with the respective normal values. In addition, their blood pH values were decreased. The above changes are characteristic of hypoxic conditions supposed "to train" tissues for chronic inflammation; such training may underlie the mechanism of therapeutic effect of alternating magnetic field in women with tubuloperitoneal infertility.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Sedimentation', 'Erythrocyte Count', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Infertility, Female', 'Inflammation', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Magnetic Field Therapy']
| 20,017,383
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.625.125', 'E05.200.625.125'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.330', 'E01.370.225.625.107.330', 'E05.200.500.195.107.330', 'E05.200.625.107.330', 'E05.242.195.107.330', 'G04.140.107.330', 'G09.188.105.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['C23.550.470'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['E02.621']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Considerations and results of the use of paramomycin in the prevention of infectious complications in colorectal surgery].
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The efficacy of short term prophylaxis in the prevention of infection has been tested in 72 patients who underwent surgical treatment for colorectal pathology. General tolerance to the antibiotics was good. The Authors took this remark as a starting point for reviewing the literature and making comments.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Colorectal Surgery', 'Diverticulitis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paromomycin', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Sigmoid Neoplasms', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 12,164,005
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C23.300.825.411.235'], ['H02.403.810.208'], ['C06.405.205.282.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D09.408.051.706'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180.800', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180.800', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180.800', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180.800', 'C06.405.469.158.850.850', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180.800'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Socioeconomic status, access to health care, and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in Canada's universal health care system.
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BACKGROUND: There is a debate as to whether universal drug coverage confers similar access to care at all socioeconomic status (SES) levels. Experiences in Canada may bring light to questions raised regarding access.OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between SES and access to cardiac care and outcomes in Canada's universal health care system.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: All patients admitted to acute care hospitals in Quebec (QC), Ontario (ON), and British Columbia (BC), between 1996 and either 2000 (QC) or 2001 (ON, BC) with acute myocardial infarction, were identified using provincial government administrative databases (n = 145,882).MEASUREMENTS: Variables representing SES grouped at the census area level were examined in association with use of cardiac medications and procedures, survival, and readmission, while adjusting for individual-level variables. A Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model was used to account for the nested structure of the data.RESULTS: Despite provincial variations in SES and drug reimbursement policies, there were generally no associations between the SES variables and access to cardiac medications or invasive cardiac procedures. The few exceptions were not consistent across SES indicators and/or provinces. Similarly, the only observed effect of SES on clinical outcomes was in BC, where there was increased 1-year mortality among patients living in less-affluent regions (adjusted odds ratios per standard deviation change in proportion of low-income households, 95% Bayesian credible intervals, QC: 1.09, 0.96-1.25; ON: 1.02, 0.95-1.08; and BC: 1.18, 1.09-1.28).CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intermediary factors other than SES, such as cardiovascular risk factors, likely account for observed "wealth-health" gradients in Canada. Implementation of a universal drug coverage policy could decrease socioeconomic disparities in access to health care.
|
['Aged', 'Bayes Theorem', 'British Columbia', 'Cardiovascular Agents', 'Female', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Insurance Coverage', 'Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'National Health Programs', 'Ontario', 'Patient Readmission', 'Quebec', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,571,012
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['Z01.107.567.176.160'], ['D27.505.954.411'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.265'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.575'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['N03.349.550'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['Z01.107.567.176.791'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Breed differences in fetal and placental development and feto-maternal amino acid status following nutrient restriction during early and mid pregnancy in Scottish Blackface and Suffolk sheep.
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This study assessed the effect of feeding 0.75 energy requirements between Days 1 and 90 of pregnancy on placental development and feto-placental amino acid status on Day 125 of pregnancy in Scottish Blackface and Suffolk ewes carrying a single fetus. Such moderate nutrient restriction did not affect placental size, placentome number or the distribution of placentome types. Although fetal weight was unaffected by maternal nutrition, fetuses carried by nutrient restricted mothers had relatively lighter brains and gastrocnemius muscles. Suffolk fetuses were heavier and longer with a greater abdominal circumference, relatively lighter brains, hearts and kidneys, but heavier spleens, livers and gastrocnemius muscles than Blackface fetuses. Total placentome weight was greater in Suffolk than Blackface ewes. Ewe breed had a greater effect on amino acid concentrations than nutrition. Ratios of maternal to fetal amino acid concentrations were greater in Suffolk ewes than Blackface ewes, particularly for some essential amino acids. The heavier liver and muscles in Suffolk fetuses may suggest increased amino acid transport across the Suffolk placenta in the absence of breed differences in gross placental efficiency. These data provide evidence of differences in nutrient handling and partitioning between the maternal body and the fetus in the two breeds studied.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Breeding', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Fetal Development', 'Fetus', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Organ Size', 'Placenta', 'Placentation', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Sheep']
| 22,127,007
|
[['D12.125'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['G03.295'], ['G07.345.500.325.235', 'G08.686.784.170.157'], ['A16.378'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769.491'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['G07.203.650.566.624', 'G08.686.784.769.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Understanding learning transfer of veterans in baccalaureate nursing programs: Their experience as student nurses.
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With the continued growth of the numbers of veterans in nursing programs, faculty need to be aware of how to best facilitate their learning and build on their diverse experiences and expertise. Understanding how veterans transfer learning from the military context to an academic context is crucial for nursing education. The findings of this qualitative descriptive study support that veterans transfer learning from their military experience to their nursing education. Eleven veterans comprised the sample. The themes were: Embracing and living core professional values, Learning from a team-based framework to achieve a common goal, Learning how and when to communicate with faculty and healthcare members, and Incorporating learned behaviors into everyday professional practice. One recommendation for faculty included gaining basic knowledge of military culture and how that influences veterans once they transition to civilian life. The study findings can help faculty to build on previously acquired knowledge and enrich the learning experience for students and faculty. Ultimately, this may help to recruit and retain veterans in nursing programs; thus, impacting the global workforce.
|
['Adult', 'Clinical Competence', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Faculty, Nursing', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Qualitative Research', 'Students, Nursing', 'Veterans']
| 31,449,991
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['M01.526.485.390', 'M01.526.702.250.473', 'N02.360.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.720', 'I02.158.660', 'I02.903.565'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Allergens in bee venom. III. Identification of allergen B of bee venom as an acid phosphatase.
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Allergen B previously isolated from honeybee venom and shown to be a mildly acidic protein consisting of polymers of a chain of 49,000 d is shown to have acid phosphatase activity. Allergen B is homogeneous by several criteria. No acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, or esterase activity was found in any other allergen or fraction of bee venom. Acid phosphatase activity was also found in yellow jacket venom and extracts of venom sacs from bumblebees and paper wasps.
|
['Acid Phosphatase', 'Allergens', 'Bees', 'Hyaluronoglucosaminidase', 'Hymenoptera', 'Melitten', 'Phospholipases', 'Venoms']
| 853,176
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.025'], ['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['D08.811.277.450.529', 'D08.811.520.241.700.675'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875'], ['D12.644.050.550', 'D12.776.543.695.054.550', 'D20.888.065.115.580', 'D23.946.833.065.115.580'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680', 'D08.811.277.352.640.700'], ['A12.200.935', 'D20.888', 'D23.946.833']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Inhibitor and substrate binding by New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1: a molecular dynamics studies.
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The control of beta-lactam antibiotics released through the inhibition of the New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) has been identified as a potential target for the treatment of the muti-drugs resistance (MDR) bacteria disease. We have employed molecular dynamics (MD), alanine-scanning mutagenesis and molecular docking techniques to optimize the x-ray NDM-1 structure with 11 drugs (Tigecycline, BAL30072, D-captopril, Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Cephalexin, Cefaclor, Nitrocefin, Meropenem, and Imipenem). From our simulations, we found that the 5 residues Asp223, His120, His122, His162 and His189 are responsible for the selectivity of NDM-1 associated drugs.
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['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'beta-Lactamase Inhibitors', 'beta-Lactamases', 'beta-Lactams']
| 25,479,381
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.400', 'D27.505.954.122.085.516'], ['D08.811.277.087.180'], ['D02.065.589.099', 'D02.886.108', 'D03.633.100.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Retinoid metabolism in spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T12-3 cells): enzymatic conversion of retinol to anhydroretinol.
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Spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T12-3 cells) displayed an increased adhesion when cultured in the presence of 10(-6) M all-trans retinol and acquired morphological characteristics of the normal phenotype. Thus it was of interest to investigate the metabolism of [15-(14)C]retinol in this system. Within 24 hours of culture, approximately 4.25% of the [(14)C]retinol was taken up by the cells. The hydrocarbon [(14)C]anhydroretinol was a major metabolic product and was identified by gas-liquid chromatography and by its typical ultraviolet absorption spectrum with maxima at 386, 364, and 346 nm. At 24 and 40 hours anhydroretinol represented 27% and 55%, respectively, of the total nonpolar metabolites or approximately 16% and 30% of the total radioactive products. Formalin-fixed fibroblasts or cultured intestinal mucosal cells did not convert retinol into anhydroretinol. A more polar product with a UV absorption maximum at 310 nm was also found. The time course of the synthesis of this product by 3T12 cells suggested a precursor-product relationship with anhydroretinol. A microsomal preparation from 3T12 cells was also active in synthesizing [(14)C]anhydroretinol and [(14)C]metabolite-310 from [(14)C]retinol. Moreover incubation of metabolite-310 with the 3T12 microsomes yielded anhydroretinol (40% conversion in 30 minutes), suggesting that metabolite-310 is an intermediate in the synthesis of anhydroretinol by these cells. Anhydroretinol appears to be an end product of the metabolism of retinol in 3T12-3 cells, as suggested by the finding that over 90% of [(14)C]anhydroretinol incubated for 30 hours with 3T12-3 cells was recovered unaltered, without the formation of detectable retroretinol, retinol, or retinoic acid.-Bhat, P. V., L. M. De Luca, S. Adamo, I. Akalovsky, C. S. Silverman-Jones, and G. L. Peck. Retinoid metabolism in spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T12-3 cells): enzymatic conversion of retinol to anhydroretinol.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibroblasts', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microsomes', 'Models, Biological', 'Skin', 'Tretinoin', 'Vitamin A']
| 448,240
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Different on the inside: extreme swimbladder sexual dimorphism in the South Asian torrent minnows.
|
The swimbladder plays an important role in buoyancy regulation but is typically reduced or even absent in benthic freshwater fishes that inhabit fast flowing water. Here, we document, for the first time, a remarkable example of swimbladder sexual dimorphism in the highly rheophilic South Asian torrent minnows (Psilorhynchus). The male swimbladder is not only much larger than that of the female (up to five times the diameter and up to 98 times the volume in some cases), but is also structurally more complex, with multiple internal septa dividing it into smaller chambers. Males also exhibit a strange organ of unknown function or homology in association with the swimbladder that is absent in females. Extreme sexual dimorphism of non-gonadal internal organs is rare among vertebrates and the swimbladder sexual dimorphisms that we describe for Psilorhynchus are unique among fishes.
|
['Air Sacs', 'Animals', 'Cyprinidae', 'Female', 'Male', 'Phylogeny', 'Rivers', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 25,009,242
|
[['A13.048'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Involvement of the heparanase procoagulant domain in bleeding and wound healing.
|
Essentials Heparanase forms a complex with tissue factor and enhances the generation of factor Xa. The present study was aimed to identify the procoagulant domain of heparanase. Procoagulant peptides significantly shortened bleeding time and enhanced wound healing. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 derived peptides inhibited the procoagulant peptides.SUMMARY: Background Heparanase, which is known to be involved in angiogenesis and metastasis, was shown to form a complex with tissue factor (TF) and to enhance the generation of activated factor X (FXa). Our study demonstrated that peptides derived from TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 impeded the procoagulant effect of heparanase, and attenuated inflammation, tumor growth, and vascularization. Aims To identify the procoagulant domain in the heparanase molecule, and to evaluate its effects in a model of wound healing that involves inflammation and angiogenesis. Methods Twenty-four potential peptides derived from heparanase were generated, and their effect was studied in an assay of FXa generation. Peptides 14 and 16, which showed the best procoagulant effect, were studied in a bleeding mouse model and in a wound-healing mouse model. Results Peptides 14 and 16 increased FXa levels by two-fold to three-fold, and, at high levels, caused consumption coagulopathy. The TFPI-2-derived peptides explored in our previous study were found to inhibit the procoagulant effect induced by peptides 14 and 16. In the bleeding model, time to clot formation was shortened by 50% when peptide 14 or peptide 16 was topically applied or injected subcutaneously. In the wound-healing model, the wound became more vascular, and its size was reduced to one-fifth as compared with controls, upon 1 week of exposure to peptide 14 or peptide 16 applied topically or injected subcutaneously. Conclusions The putative heparanase procoagulant domain was identified. Peptides derived from this domain significantly shortened bleeding time and enhanced wound healing.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Coagulants', 'Factor Xa', 'Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products', 'Fibrinogen', 'Glucuronidase', 'Glycoproteins', 'Hematologic Agents', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Partial Thromboplastin Time', 'Peptides', 'Protein Domains', 'Prothrombin Time', 'Thrombelastography', 'Thromboplastin', 'Thrombosis', 'Wound Healing']
| 28,439,967
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['D27.505.954.502.270'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.315', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.315', 'D12.776.124.125.400.315', 'D23.119.400.315'], ['D12.776.124.270.300', 'D12.776.811.300.290'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D27.505.954.502'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.600', 'E05.200.625.115.600', 'G09.188.660'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.610', 'E05.200.625.115.610', 'G09.188.680'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.830', 'E05.200.625.115.830'], ['D12.776.124.125.900', 'D23.119.965'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hypoplastic acute leukemia: review of 70 cases with multivariate regression analysis.
|
Between 1971 and 1984, 22 of 190 adult patients (11.6 per cent) with acute leukemia seen at the University of Arizona had hypocellular acute leukemia (HAL), defined as lymphoblasts or myeloblasts (plus atypical promyelocytes) of greater than or equal to 30 per cent, but marrow cellularity of the core biopsy or clot section of less than or equal to 50 per cent based on a 1000 point count. These 22 patients with HAL plus the 48 previously published patients with well documented HAL (combined series of 70 patients) were evaluated in detail with multivariate analysis. The median leukocyte count was 2700/microL, hemoglobin of 8.2 g/dl, and platelet count 63,000/microL. Circulating blasts were noted in 27 of 52 patients (52 per cent). Twenty-seven of 34 patients (79 per cent) had abnormal cytogenetics. The overall median survival was 8 months (range: 0.1-48). The median survival for the 22 patients managed with supportive care alone was 4 months, 6 months for the 16 patients treated with non-aggressive induction therapy, and 13 months for the 32 patients treated with aggressive induction therapy (p less than 0.02 versus other categories). Multivariate analysis confirmed that aggressive induction therapy was a major favourable prognostic factor (p = 0.016). Multivariate analysis of the aggressively induced patients revealed that younger patients (less than or equal to 65; p = 0.04) and patients with no AHD (p = 0.09) lived longer. Thus, aggressive remission induction can be attempted in HAL and appears to contribute to prolonged survival especially under age 65 years.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 3,557,323
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The meaning of attempted suicide to young parasuicides: a repertory grid study.
|
In an attempt to clarify the intentional aspect of parasuicide, constructs in response to a supposed crisis were elicited from a group of overdose patients, using the standard method of contrasting elements. In this case the elements were presented as a list of 11 alternative behaviours (including overdose and suicide) possible in such a situation. Using 9 of the most common constructs obtained, a repertory grid was administered to a second group of overdose patients and by computer analysis consensus group grids were obtained for patients scoring high and low on the Beck suicidal intent scale. These consensus grids showed that the low intent group perceived an overdose (in comparison to other alternative behaviours) as similar to 'being alone and crying' and 'getting drunk' and construed it almost exclusively as an escape from tension. In contrast, the high intent group perceived overdose and suicide in quite similar terms. The data indicated that an overdose may have a respite function for low suicidal intent patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Poisoning', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 7,326,540
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['C25.723'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple antibiotic resistance genes distribution in ten large-scale membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment.
|
Wastewater treatment plants are thought to be potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, GeoChip was used for analyzing multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including four multidrug efflux system gene groups and three â-lactamase genes in ten large-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for municipal wastewater treatment. Results revealed that the diversity of antibiotic genes varied a lot among MBRs, but about 40% common antibiotic resistance genes were existent. The average signal intensity of each antibiotic resistance group was similar among MBRs, nevertheless the total abundance of each group varied remarkably and the dominant resistance gene groups were different in individual MBR. The antibiotic resistance genes majorly derived from Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Further study indicated that TN, TP and COD of influent, temperature and conductivity of mixed liquor were significant (P<0.05) correlated to the multiple antibiotic resistance genes distribution in MBRs.
|
['Actinobacteria', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bioreactors', 'China', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Proteobacteria', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Waste Water', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 27,716,561
|
[['B03.510.024', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['B03.660'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Deficient phagocytic function in Papillon-Lef?vre syndrome.
|
The function of microphages has been studied in vitro in a 5 year-old girl with Papillon-Lef?vre syndrome. The results showed a weakness in chemotatic activity, a defect of intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus, and an almost normal phagocytosis but decreased intracellular killing of Candida albicans by the microphages.
|
['Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratoderma, Palmoplantar', 'Papillon-Lefevre Disease', 'Phagocytosis']
| 146,625
|
[['G04.198.424.233'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.850.475', 'C17.800.428.435', 'C17.800.827.475'], ['C16.320.850.475.600', 'C17.800.428.435.600', 'C17.800.827.475.600'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Diet and risk of lymphoid neoplasms and soft tissue sarcomas.
|
The relationship between frequency of intake of selected indicator foods, lymphoid neoplasms, and soft tissue sarcomas was investigated in an updated case-control study conducted in Northern Italy between 1983 and 1992 on 158 incident, histologically confirmed cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD), 429 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 141 cases of multiple myelomas, 101 cases of soft tissue sarcomas, and 1,157 controls admitted to hospital for acute, nonneoplastic diseases unrelated to long-term modifications of diet. Compared with the lowest tertile, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest tertile of milk intake was 1.8 for NHL and 1.9 for sarcomas. Liver intake was an indicator of the risk of HD (OR = 1.8), NHL (OR = 1.6), and myelomas (OR = 2.0), ham an indicator of HD (OR = 1.7), and butter an indicator of myelomas (OR = 2.8). A high consumption of green vegetables was inversely related to myelomas (OR = 0.4), and frequent use of whole-grain foods was inversely related to NHL (OR = 0.4) and soft tissue sarcomas (OR = 0.2). No material association with meat was observed for any of the neoplasms considered. Likewise, coffee and alcohol intakes were not associated with lymphoid neoplasms and soft tissue sarcomas. The OR for the highest tertile of intake of beta-carotene ranged between 0.5 and 0.7, whereas the OR for retinol ranged between 1.5 and 2.3. Although available data do not point to any specific inference, this study suggests that certain aspects of diet are a correlate or an indicator of the risk of lymphoid neoplasms and soft tissue sarcomas.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Daucus carota', 'Diet', 'Dietary Fats', 'Edible Grain', 'Female', 'Fishes', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors', 'Sarcoma', 'Vegetables']
| 9,101,555
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.075.278'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ophthalmologic abnormalities among students with cognitive impairment in eastern Taiwan: The special group with undetected visual impairment.
|
PURPOSE: Students with cognitive impairment are at increased risk of suffering from visual impairment due to refractive errors and ocular disease, which can adversely influence learning and daily activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular and visual status among students at the special education school in Hualien.METHODS: All students at the National Hualien Special Education School were evaluated. Full eye examinations were conducted by a skilled ophthalmologist. The students' medical records and disability types were reviewed.RESULTS: A total of 241 students, aged 7-18 years, were examined. Visual acuity could be assessed in 138 students. A total of 169/477 (35.4%) eyes were found to suffer from refractive errors, including 20 eyes with high myopia (?-6.0 D) and 16 eyes with moderate hypermetropia (+3.0 D to +5.0 D). A total of 84/241 (34.8%) students needed spectacles to correct their vision, thus improving their daily activities and learning process, but only 15/241 (6.2%) students were wearing suitable corrective spectacles. A total of 55/241 students (22.8%) had ocular disorders, which influenced their visual function. The multiple disability group had a statistically significant higher prevalence of ocular disorders (32.9%) than the simple intellectual disability group (19.6%).CONCLUSION: Students with cognitive impairment in eastern Taiwan have a high risk of visual impairment due to refractive errors and ocular disorders. Importantly, many students have unrecognized correctable refractive errors. Regular ophthalmic examination should be administered to address this issue and prevent further disability in this already handicapped group.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Disabled Children', 'Education, Special', 'Eye Diseases', 'Eyeglasses', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Refractive Errors', 'Risk Factors', 'Taiwan', 'Vision Disorders', 'Visual Acuity']
| 27,742,159
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['M01.150.200'], ['I02.233.213'], ['C11'], ['E07.632.500.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C11.744'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['C10.597.751.941', 'C11.966', 'C23.888.592.763.941'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy does not improve hypertensive nephropathy.
|
Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy (SWT) has been shown to improve myocardial dysfunction, hind limb ischemia, erectile function, and to facilitate cell therapy and healing process. These therapeutic effects were mainly due to promoting angiogenesis. Since chronic kidney diseases are characterized by renal fibrosis and capillaries rarefaction, they may benefit from a proangiogenic treatment. The objective of our study was to determine whether SWT could ameliorate renal repair and favor angiogenesis in L-NAME-induced hypertensive nephropathy in rats. SWT was started when proteinuria exceeded 1 g/mmol of creatinine and 1 week after L-NAME removal. SWT consisted of implying 0.09 mJ/mm(2) (400 shots), 3 times per week. After 4 weeks of SWT, blood pressure, renal function and urinary protein excretion did not differ between treated (LN + SWT) and untreated rats (LN). Histological lesions including glomerulosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis scores, tubular dilatation and interstitial fibrosis were similar in both groups. In addition, peritubular capillaries and eNOS, VEGF, VEGF-R, SDF-1 gene expressions did not increase in SWT-treated compared to untreated animals. No procedural complications or adverse effects were observed in control (C + SWT) and hypertensive rats (LN + SWT). These results suggest that extracorporeal kidney shock wave therapy does not induce angiogenesis and does not improve renal function and structure, at least in the model of hypertensive nephropathy although the treatment is well tolerated.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hypertension, Renal', 'Kidney', 'Lithotripsy', 'Male', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Nephritis', 'Rats', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,255,359
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C12.777.419.331', 'C13.351.968.419.331', 'C14.907.489.631'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E02.600', 'E04.943.500'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['C12.777.419.570', 'C13.351.968.419.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ixodes eldaricus Djaparidze, 1950 (Ixodidae) on migrating birds--reported first time in Poland.
|
During the ornithological "Operation Baltic" on the Hel Peninsula (the Baltic Sea coast in Poland) the first case of transfer to Poland of ticks of the species Ixodes eldaricus Djaparidze, 1950, on Prunella modularis (one female tick) and Erithacus rubecula (two males and one female tick). P. modularis and E. rubecula have not previously been recorded among the hosts of this tick species. Although the natural populations of I. eldaricus are very distant from Poland, it should be taken into account that this and other species of ticks may be transferred every year on migratory birds in the southern part of Central Europe and further north. Each case requires faunistic observation and epidemiological and morphological studies to exclude diagnostic confusion between very similar morphology in specimens of the genus Ixodes.
|
['Animal Migration', 'Animals', 'Bird Diseases', 'Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale', 'Female', 'Ixodes', 'Male', 'Mite Infestations', 'Passeriformes', 'Poland']
| 22,142,944
|
[['F01.145.113.069.500'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.131'], ['F04.711.513.653.083'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.425'], ['C01.610.858.211.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620'], ['Z01.542.248.679']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Stimulation-dependent release of adenosine triphosphate from hippocampal slices.
|
Schaffer collaterals of rat and mouse hippocampal slices were stimulated with bursts of pulses (300 Hz for 50 ms, 2-s intervals) for 30-s which caused a stable increase in the size of the population spike known as long-term potentiation. The release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured with a luciferase-luciferine system and the light emitted was recorded with a photomultiplier placed beneath a modified slice chamber. ATP release was observed shortly after the start of stimulation and was quantified by comparison with the response of standard solutions of ATP. No ATP release was observed in a Ca2+ free solution or after low frequency stimulation (1 Hz). Glutamate (2 mM), applied without electrical stimulation, did not evoke ATP release. Also, the glutamate receptor blocker, kynurenic acid (10 mM), did not block ATP release. It is concluded that ATP is released from electrically stimulated hippocampal slices from presynaptic nerve terminals in a calcium-dependent fashion and may play a role in the modulation of synaptic efficiency.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Glutamates', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Hippocampus', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,566,360
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Granulomatous tonsillitis. A rare extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease.
|
Oral lesions, varying in nature and location, appear to be one of the common extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease. In particular, oral involvement preceding intestinal disease may lead to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The present case report of a 17-year-old male patient describes a very rare nonintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease with severe granulomatous involvement of the tonsils. A sore throat caused by hyperplastic tonsils with granulomatous inflammation as an oral manifestation of Crohn's disease was the leading symptom in this case.
|
['Adolescent', 'Crohn Disease', 'Granuloma, Giant Cell', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Palatine Tonsil', 'Tonsillitis']
| 1,618,062
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['C05.500.368', 'C07.320.391', 'C07.465.714.258.557', 'C23.550.382.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.623.603.925', 'A10.549.580', 'A14.724.603.925', 'A15.382.520.604.580'], ['C01.748.561.750', 'C07.550.781.750', 'C08.730.561.750', 'C09.775.649.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Dose delivered to the patient by megavoltage cone beam computed tomography imaging].
|
PURPOSE: To study the dose delivered by a megavoltage cone beam computed tomography imaging system (MVCBCT) installed on a Oncor Impression linac (Siemens).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The acquisition of MVCBCT images was modelled in a treatment planning system by 67 photon beams (6 MV). A study was conducted to: compare the calculated and measured dose at the centre of a cylindrical phantom; compare the calculated and measured dose distributions in the Alderson-Rando phantom (pelvis); study the influence of MVCBCT image acquisition for the repositioning of a prostate cancer patient treated by 3D conformal radiotherapy (prescribed dose of 74 Gy), on the dose-volume histograms (DVH) for the treatment plus seven MVCBCT (protocol D1-3 and weekly), treatment plus 37 MVCBCT (one for each day of treatment).RESULTS: The difference between calculated and measured doses at the centre of the cylindrical phantom was less than 3%. A deviation of 7% maximum was found between the dose distribution calculated in the Rando phantom and the measured doses normalized at the beam isocentre. The dose delivered at the isocentre was equal to 3,7 cGy for a "5 MU" protocol, with a maximum dose of 6 cGy. In the case of the patient considered, the acquisition of 37 MVCBCT corresponded to an additional mean dose to the PTV of 1.2 Gy for a protocol "5MU" with a significant influence on the DVH.CONCLUSION: In view of this study, it appears that the doses delivered in frequent use of MVCBCT must be taken into account by the radiation oncologist in assessing the therapeutic dose delivered to the target volume and organs at risk.
|
['Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Femur Head', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Particle Accelerators', 'Pelvis', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiotherapy, Conformal', 'Rectum', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 19,640,758
|
[['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.710.680'], ['A01.923.600'], ['E07.671'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E02.815.635.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bacterial reduction of alcohol-based liquid and gel products on hands soiled with blood.
|
The antibacterial efficacy of three alcohol-based products (liquid and gel) were tested on the hands with blood and contaminated with Serratia marcescens (ATCC 14756), using EN 1500 procedures in 14 healthy volunteers. The alcohol-based products tested, either gel or liquid-based, reached bacterial reduction levels higher than 99.9% in the presence of blood and did not differ significantly (ANOVA test; P = 0.614).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcohols', 'Bacterial Load', 'Blood', 'Disinfectants', 'Female', 'Hand', 'Hand Disinfection', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Serratia marcescens', 'Young Adult']
| 21,705,110
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.033'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.115', 'E01.370.225.875.220.115', 'E05.200.875.150.115', 'E05.200.875.220.115', 'G06.099.100'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['N06.850.670.150.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B03.440.450.425.814.664', 'B03.660.250.150.720.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Immunohistochemical study of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the BALB/c mice: an unique distributional pattern of glucagon.
|
The regional distribution and relative frequency of insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin- and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-producing endocrine cells in the pancreas of BALB/c mouse were investigated by immunohistochemical method. The pancreas of mice was divided into two portions; pancreatic islets and exocrine portions, and pancreatic islets were further subdivided into two regions (central and peripheral regions) and the relative frequency and regional distribution of immunoreactive cells against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and PP antisera were monitored. In the pancreatic islet portions, insulin-immunoreactive cells were located in the central regions and they were randomly dispersed in the whole pancreatic islets in some case of the small islets. Quite different from those of other mammals, glucagon-immunoreactive cells were dispersed throughout central to peripheral regions in case of large islets and in the smaller ones, most of these cells were situated in the peripheral regions. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the peripheral regions with various frequencies. Although some cells were demonstrated in the central regions of pancreatic islets, most of PP-immunoreactive cells were located in the peripheral regions. In the exocrine portions, all four types of immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the BALB/c mouse. Some peculiar distributional patterns of pancreatic endocrine cells were found in BALB/c mouse, especially in case of glucagon-immunoreactive cells.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Glucagon', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Insulin', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Pancreatic Polypeptide', 'Somatostatin']
| 12,514,327
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D06.472.699.587.700', 'D12.644.400.600', 'D12.644.548.586.700', 'D12.776.631.650.600'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The relative affinity of transferrin and albumin for zinc.
|
The relative affinity of transferrin and albumin for zinc has been measured by competitive dialysis at a low zinc concentration in 0.15 M NaCl, 50 mM HEPES, 0.1 mM trisodium citrate (pH 7.2). There were small differences between albumins and larger ones between transferrin preparations, but all albumins bound zinc more firmly than any transferrin did. It is known that transferrin is largely responsible for the uptake of zinc from an intestinal membrane in rats, but much of the metal is subsequently transferred to albumin. The current results show that both in humans and in rats (a) no special mechanism is needed to provide energy for this transfer, and (b) full equilibration would lead to virtually complete transfer in contrast with what actually occurs in vivo.
|
['Humans', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Protein Binding', 'Serum Albumin', 'Transferrin', 'Zinc']
| 518,914
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reduction in excess daytime sleepiness by modafinil in patients with myotonic dystrophy.
|
Patients with myotonic dystrophy frequently suffer from excess daytime sleepiness, which can be a significant cause of disability. Previous studies have indicated that this excess daytime sleepiness is only occasionally due to obstructive sleep apnoea and may be principally of central nervous system origin. Modafinil has been successfully used to treat narcolepsy, a central disorder causing excess daytime sleepiness. We have investigated the use of this drug in myotonic dystrophy patients with excess daytime sleepiness. Patients were recruited from a clinic population on the basis of screening with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Patients scoring 10 and above were invited to participate in a randomized double-blind crossover trial of modafinil versus placebo, with four weeks in each arm of the study separated by a 2-week washout period. Patients were assessed by polysomnography at baseline. The primary outcome measures were change in both the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and a modified Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, which were measured at the start of each arm of the trial and in week 3 of each intervention period. In agreement with previous smaller studies, sleepiness is not correlated with CTG expansion size. Treatment with modafinil showed a non-significant reduction in median Epworth Sleepiness Scale. However, the median Maintenance of Wakefulness Test score was prolonged by treatment (31.7-40 min, P=0.006). There were no significant adverse cardiac effects of the drug in this group of patients (resting 12 lead and 24 h ECG monitoring). Selected patients with myotonic dystrophy and excess daytime sleepiness may benefit from modafinil. In this patient group the Epworth Sleepiness Scale may not be the most reliable measure of sleepiness. Despite the potential for cardiac disease in these patients, the drug was well tolerated with no adverse effects.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Disorders of Excessive Somnolence', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Modafinil', 'Myotonic Dystrophy', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Polysomnography', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,798,791
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['C10.886.425.800.200', 'F03.870.400.800.200'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115.550'], ['C05.651.534.500.500', 'C05.651.662.750', 'C10.574.500.547', 'C10.668.491.175.500.500', 'C10.668.491.606.750', 'C16.320.400.542', 'C16.320.577.500'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries.
|
Quantum dots (QD) have unique electronic and optical properties promoting biotechnological advances. However, our understanding of the toxicological structure-activity relationships remains limited. This study aimed to determine the biological impact of varying nanomaterial surface chemistry by assessing the interaction of QD with either a negative (carboxyl), neutral (hexadecylamine; HDA) or positive (amine) polymer coating with human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. Following QD physico-chemical characterisation, cellular uptake was quantified by optical and electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity was evaluated and genotoxicity was characterised using the micronucleus assay (gross chromosomal damage) and the HPRT forward mutation assay (point mutagenicity). Cellular damage mechanisms were also explored, focusing on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Cell uptake, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were found to be dependent on QD surface chemistry. Carboxyl-QD demonstrated the smallest agglomerate size and greatest cellular uptake, which correlated with a dose dependent increase in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Amine-QD induced minimal cellular damage, while HDA-QD promoted substantial induction of cell death and genotoxicity. However, HDA-QD were not internalised by the cells and the damage they caused was most likely due to free cadmium release caused by QD dissolution. Oxidative stress and induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were only partially associated with cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the QD, hence were not the only mechanisms of importance. Colloidal stability, nanoparticle (NP) surface chemistry, cellular uptake levels and the intrinsic characteristics of the NPs are therefore critical parameters impacting genotoxicity induced by QD.
|
['Cadmium', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Damage', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Quantum Dots', 'Selenium', 'Semiconductors', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Surface Properties']
| 26,275,419
|
[['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G05.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['E07.705', 'J01.637.512.600.650'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['E07.305.625'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular pathways: microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic implications.
|
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is the molecular fingerprint of the deficient mismatch repair (MMR) system, which characterizes ?15% of colorectal cancers. MSI develops as a result of germline mutations in MMR genes or, more commonly, from epigenetic silencing of MLH1 in sporadic tumors occurring in a background of methylation of CpG islands in gene promoter regions and in tumors that frequently show hotspot mutations in the BRAF oncogene. MSI tumors have distinct phenotypic features and have been consistently associated with a better stage-adjusted prognosis compared with microsatellite stable tumors. MSI negatively predicts response to 5-fluorouracil and may also determine responsiveness to other drugs used for treatment of colorectal cancers. Recent data have expanded the molecular heterogeneity of MSI tumors and may contribute to our understanding of differential chemosensitivity. The ability to identify deficient MMR has important implications for patient management, and it holds promise for therapeutic exploitation and for the development of novel therapeutics.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA Mismatch Repair', 'Genetic Heterogeneity', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'Microsatellite Instability', 'MutL Protein Homolog 1', 'Mutation', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic']
| 22,302,899
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G02.111.222.220', 'G05.219.220'], ['G05.365.331'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C23.550.362.590', 'G05.365.590.335.590', 'G05.370.590'], ['D08.811.074.766.500', 'D08.811.277.040.025.215.500', 'D12.776.260.540.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.660'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Physical and functional interaction of the Arabidopsis K(+) channel AKT2 and phosphatase AtPP2CA.
|
The AKT2 K(+) channel is endowed with unique functional properties, being the only weak inward rectifier characterized to date in Arabidopsis. The gene is expressed widely, mainly in the phloem but also at lower levels in leaf epiderm, mesophyll, and guard cells. The AKT2 mRNA level is upregulated by abscisic acid. By screening a two-hybrid cDNA library, we isolated a protein phosphatase 2C (AtPP2CA) involved in abscisic acid signaling as a putative partner of AKT2. We further confirmed the interaction by in vitro binding studies. The expression of AtPP2CA (beta-glucuronidase reporter gene) displayed a pattern largely overlapping that of AKT2 and was upregulated by abscisic acid. Coexpression of AtPP2CA with AKT2 in COS cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes was found to induce both an inhibition of the AKT2 current and an increase of the channel inward rectification. Site-directed mutagenesis and pharmacological analysis revealed that this functional interaction involves AtPP2CA phosphatase activity. Regulation of AKT2 activity by AtPP2CA in planta could allow the control of K(+) transport and membrane polarization during stress situations.
|
['Abscisic Acid', 'Animals', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'COS Cells', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Oocytes', 'Phosphoprotein Phosphatases', 'Plant Epidermis', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plant Roots', 'Plant Shoots', 'Potassium Channels', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Phosphatase 2', 'Protein Phosphatase 2C', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 12,034,902
|
[['D02.241.223.268.034', 'D02.455.326.271.665.202.061', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.024', 'D02.455.849.131.061', 'D02.455.849.765.521.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625'], ['A18.024.750'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A18.400'], ['A18.024.875'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.706', 'D12.644.360.583', 'D12.776.476.561'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.716'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.393.220.870', 'E05.601.690.650', 'E05.601.870'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of early retinal changes in diabetes by vitreous fluorophotometry.
|
A series of 77 patients with overt diabetes and with apparently normal fundi on ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography was examined by vitreous fluorophotometry. Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, which appears to be the earliest clinically detectable change in the retina in diabetes, was a constant finding. Quantitative measurement by vitreous fluorophotometry of the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier could be correlated with degree of metabolic control and previous duration of diabetic disease. Significantly higher vitreous fluorophotometry values, indicating a more marked breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, were recorded in patients under poor metabolic control than in patients whose diabetes was under relatively better control. Similarly, patients who has had diabetes for longer periods of time showed higher vitreous fluorophotometry values than those recorded in patients with diabetes of shorter duration.
|
['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Fluorometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Retina', 'Time Factors', 'Vitreous Body']
| 759,246
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transplant vasculopathy: viral anti-inflammatory serpin regulation of atherogenesis.
|
BACKGROUND: Surgical and ischemic injury to the artery wall initiates vascular wound-healing responses that stimulate atherosclerotic plaque growth. The plasminogen activators have cellular chemotactic, adhesion, and proteolytic activity. Serp-1 is a secreted myxoma virus glycoprotein serpin that binds and inhibits plasminogen activators. We have examined the effects of Serp-1 on plaque growth and inflammatory cell invasion in animal models after balloon injury and after aortic allograft transplant.METHODS: We used histologic analysis to assess 4 animal models of angioplasty-mediated injury and 2 models of aortic allograft transplant for intimal hyperplasia and cellular invasion. We assessed plasminogen activator (uPA and tPA) and inhibitor (PAI-1) expression in rat iliofemoral arteries after balloon injury using Western blot, enzyme activity, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: Plaque growth after balloon injury decreased after Serp-1 treatment in all balloon-injury models tested. Transplant vasculopathy also significantly decreased in 2 rat models of aortic allograft transplant. Infusion of a Serp-1 active site mutant, that lacked plasminogen activator inhibiting activity, did not inhibit plaque growth. Quantitative RT-PCR detected increased transcription of PAI-1 mRNA. Increased PAI-1 protein and enzyme-inhibitory activity was also detected in Serp-1-treated arteries by activity assay and Western blot.CONCLUSIONS: Thrombolytic serpins are central regulatory agents in vascular wound-healing responses. Investigation of the inhibitory mechanisms of viral serpins may provide new insights into atherogenesis.
|
['Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Chickens', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Plasminogen Activators', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Serpins', 'Swine', 'Swine, Miniature', 'Tunica Intima', 'Tunica Media', 'Wound Healing']
| 11,077,219
|
[['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.635', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.635', 'D12.776.124.125.662'], ['C23.550.767'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.644.861', 'D12.776.872', 'D27.505.519.389.745.800.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399.800'], ['A07.015.700'], ['A07.015.733'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-1, 3-D-glucan (branch beta-1, 6) isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans 1A1 strain black yeast on restraint stress in mice.
|
It is well known that different stress paradigms are able to rapidly induce corticosterone production and immune function through the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It has been reported that glucocorticoids suppress natural killer (NK) activity and interleukin (IL)-1 production and, on the other hand, that IL-1 and IL-6 stimulate the release of corticotrophin-releasing-hormone from the rat hypothalamus. Moreover, it has been reported that IL-12 plays a central role in the initiation of cell-mediated immunity, directly and via its induction of interferon (IFN)-gamma and activation of NK cells. In this study, we examined the effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans 1A1 strain on the corticosterone levels and immune function, such as NK activity and IL-6 and IL-12 production, using a restraint stress-induced mouse model. The water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-glucan at a dose of 50 or 100 mg kg(-1) inhibited the increases in the blood corticosterone level and the reduction of NK activity induced by restraint stress. Furthermore, the water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-glucan (100 mg kg(-1)) prevented the reduction of IL-6 and IL-12 production by splenocytes caused by restraint stress. These findings suggest that the inhibitory actions of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-glucan on the increase in corticosterone level and reduction of NK activity induced by restraint stress may be associated with the abrogation of the IL-6 and IL-12 reduction caused by the stress. Thus, water-soluble low-molecularweight beta-glucan may be an effective dietary supplement for the prevention of stress.
|
['Animals', 'Ascomycota', 'Corticosterone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glucans', 'Interleukin-12', 'Interleukin-6', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Organ Size', 'Restraint, Physical', 'Spleen', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 17,725,857
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.300.107'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D05.750.078.562', 'D09.698.365'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512', 'D23.529.374.465.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E02.085.700', 'E05.472.760'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cost-effective but clinically inappropriate: new NICE intervention thresholds in osteoporosis (Technology Appraisal 464).
|
PURPOSE: To comment on the latest technology appraisal of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in osteoporosis.METHODS: Review of NICE Technology Appraisal (TA464) on bisphosphonate use in osteoporosis.RESULTS: The NICE appraisal on bisphosphonate use in osteoporosis indicates that treatment with oral bisphosphonates may be instituted at a FRAX 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture above 1%. Implementation would mean that all women aged 50 years or older are deemed eligible for treatment, a position that would increase the burden of rare long-term side effects across the population.CONCLUSION: Cost-effectiveness thresholds for low-cost interventions should not be used to set intervention thresholds but rather to validate the implementation of clinically driven intervention thresholds.
|
['Bone Density', 'Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Diphosphonates', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', 'Osteoporosis', 'Osteoporotic Fractures', 'Risk Assessment', 'United Kingdom']
| 29,947,864
|
[['G11.427.100'], ['D27.505.696.242'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['D02.705.429.500'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['C26.404.545'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Ratio of urinary potassium to urinary sodium and the potassium and edema status in nephrotic syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the relevance of ratios of urinary potassium to urinary sodium + potassium (U(K)/U(Na + K)) to edema status in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS).METHODS: We retrospectively studied 26 adults with newly diagnosed MCNS with significant pitting edema. On the basis of mean value (0.46±0.21) of U(K)/U(Na + K) determined from spot urine samples on admission, patients were classified into 2 groups.RESULTS: On admission, 12 of 26 patients had U(K)/U(Na + K) >0.46 (0.65±0.16, Group H), 14 patients had U(K)/U(Na + K) <0.46 (0.29±0.08, Group L). The level of serum albumin was similarly decreased in these 2 groups. Noteworthy were lower urine volume, fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), serum sodium, and higher hematocrit in the group H as compared with the group L. The group H had a shorter mean time required from onset of edema to hospitalization, and tended to have a longer mean time to complete remission than group L. High U(K)/U(Na + K) levels in group H decreased significantly after remission, eventually becoming equal to those of group L (0.24±0.05 vs. 0.25±0.05).CONCLUSION: U(K)/U(Na + K) determined from spot urine sample on admission relates to laboratory or clinical indices to distinguish edema status in adult patients with MCNS.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Edema', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephrotic Syndrome', 'Patient Admission', 'Potassium', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sodium']
| 21,422,677
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['C23.888.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.777.419.630.643', 'C13.351.968.419.630.643'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The PVT gene frequently amplifies with MYC in tumor cells.
|
The line of human colon carcinoma cells known as COLO320-DM contains an amplified and abnormal allele of the proto-oncogene MYC (DMMYC). Exon 1 and most of intron 1 of MYC have been displaced from DMMYC by a rearrangement of DNA. The RNA transcribed from DMMYC is a chimera that begins with an ectopic sequence of 176 nucleotides and then continues with exons 2 and 3 of MYC. The template for the ectopic sequence represents exon 1 of a gene known as PVT, which lies 50 kilobase pairs downstream of MYC. We encountered three abnormal configurations of MYC and PVT in the cell lines analyzed here: (i) amplification of the genes, accompanied by insertion of exon 1 and an undetermined additional portion of PVT within intron 1 of MYC to create DMMYC; (ii) selective deletion of exon 1 of PVT from amplified DNA that contains downstream portions of PVT and an intact allele of MYC; and (iii) coamplification of MYC and exon 1 of PVT, but not of downstream portions of PVT. We conclude that part or all of PVT is frequently amplified with MYC and that intron 1 of PVT represents a preferred boundary for amplification affecting MYC.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Chimera', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'DNA', 'Exons', 'Gene Amplification', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oncogenes', 'RNA, Neoplasm', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 2,725,491
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B05.200'], ['E05.393.220'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['D13.444.735.615'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bonnevillamides, Linear Heptapeptides Isolated from a Great Salt Lake-Derived Streptomyces sp.
|
Streptomyces sp. GSL-6B was isolated from sediment collected from the Great Salt Lake and investigation of its organic extract led to the isolation of three new linear heptapeptides, bonnevillamides A (1), B (2), and C (3). The bonnevillamides represent a new class of linear peptides featuring unprecedented non-proteinogenic amino acids. All three peptides contain the newly characterized bonnevillic acid moiety (3-(3,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacrylic acid), as well as a heavily modified proline residue. Moreover, in bonnevillamide A, the terminal proline residue found in bonnevillamides B and C is replaced with 4-methyl-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester. The structures of the three heptapeptides were elucidated by NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), and LC-MS/MS, and the absolute configuration of all proteinogenic amino acid residues were determined by advanced Marfey's method. Bonnevillamides A, B and C were evaluated for their effects on zebrafish embryo development. All three heptapeptides were shown to modulate heart growth and cardiac function, with bonnevillamide B having the most pronounced effect.
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Lakes', 'Larva', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Peptides', 'Streptomyces', 'Utah', 'Zebrafish']
| 28,672,784
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['G01.311.580', 'G16.500.275.280.500', 'N06.230.232.500'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Preparation of human epidermal keratinocyte cultures.
|
Cultured keratinocytes have been used by a number of investigators in studies investigating wound repair and carcinogenesis, and they have also proven useful as a model for differentiation. This unit describes a protocol for establishing human keratinocytes in tissue culture. Human newborn foreskins are proteolytically digested to separate the epidermis and the dermis, and keratinocytes are obtained from the epidermis.
|
['Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Separation', 'Culture Media', 'Epidermal Cells', 'Foreskin', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Keratinocytes', 'Male', 'Trypsin']
| 18,228,450
|
[['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['A11.409'], ['A05.360.444.492.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine bacteria that inhibit the growth of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in vitro.
|
AIMS: To identify bacilli, lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria that inhibit the growth of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 80 isolates were obtained from various porcine intestinal compartments using selective conditions and grouped into 15 similarity clusters based on whole-cell protein profiles. Random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR patterns identified 24 genotypes. 16S rDNA sequencing assigned all genotypes, except eight aerobes, to established species (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus mucosae, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Bifidobacterium thermophilum). According to their minimum inhibitory concentrations, four strains (Ent. faecium, Lact. reuteri, Lact. amylovorus, Bif. thermophilum) were susceptible to all clinically relevant antibiotics. Two lactobacilli showing multiresistance harboured the erm(B) determinant. A cross-section of eight representative strains was examined for growth suppression of two strains of Brach. hyodysenteriae, the aetiological agent of swine dysentery, and compared with intestinal strains derived from other animal sources. The Brachyspira strains were inhibited by strains of Lact. salivarius, Bif. thermophilum, Ent. faecium and B. subtilis.CONCLUSIONS: Three porcine strains of Ent. faecium, Bif. thermophilum and B. subtilis were found to be suitable as probiotic candidates because of their well-established identity, antibiotic susceptibility and antagonistic activity.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: For the first time, antagonistic activity of well-characterized porcine strains against Brach. hyodysenteriae is presented. These findings suggest that certain intestinal strains might have a potential as probiotic feed additives for prevention of swine dysentery.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Brachyspira hyodysenteriae', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Microbial Interactions', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Phylogeny', 'Probiotics', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases']
| 19,778,354
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['B03.440.097.100', 'B03.440.425.410.220.100'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['A03.556'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['G06.550'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of language in Rett syndrome.
|
Ninety-nine cases of Rett syndrome (RTT) diagnosed clinically (age range 3 years 6 months to 29 years 9 months) were evaluated for the ability of language. The presence of meaningful words, vocabularies, and ages at the start and disappearance of speech were assessed. Phenotype/genotype correlation was evaluated in 22 cases in whom mutations of the genes of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) existed. Fifty-five cases (55.5%) could speak some words, and of them eight cases (14.5%) spoke two-word sentences. No case had more than 40 words. The vocabularies were mainly bilabial words, known as the characteristics of the initial words in normal children. They began to utter a word between 12 and 48 months, and most of them (85.4%) before 20 months. Those who spoke two-word sentence(s) began to utter a word earlier (10.4+/-3.7 months) than others (17.1+/-9.8 months). Thirty-three cases lost their word(s) in 12-36 months. Among 22 gene-proven cases two cases with mutation of R133C and two cases with R294X had word(s), but another two cases with T158M had not. In RTT a delay in the neuronal systems involved in normal speech development was suggested and its severity seemed to depend on the loci of mutation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aging', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language Development Disorders', 'Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2', 'Middle Aged', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Rett Syndrome', 'Speech']
| 11,738,880
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.345.124'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D12.776.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.550', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.550'], ['D12.776.260.536', 'D12.776.660.235.550', 'D12.776.664.235.700'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.937', 'C16.320.322.500.937', 'C16.320.400.525.937'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Right and left perisylvian cortex and left inferior frontal cortex mediate sentence-level rhyme detection in spoken language as revealed by sparse fMRI.
|
In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural basis of auditory rhyme processing at the sentence level in healthy adults. In an explicit rhyme detection task, participants were required to decide whether the ending syllable of a metrically spoken pseudosentence rhymed or not. Participants performing this task revealed bilateral activation in posterior-superior temporal gyri with a much more extended cluster of activation in the right hemisphere. These findings suggest that the right hemisphere primarily supports suprasegmental tasks, such as the segmentation of speech into syllables; thus, our findings are in line with the "asymmetric sampling in time" model suggested by Poeppel (: Speech Commun 41:245-255). The direct contrast between rhymed and nonrhymed trials revealed a stronger BOLD response for rhymed trials in the frontal operculum and the anterior insula of the left hemisphere. Our results suggest an involvement of these frontal regions not only in articulatory rehearsal processes, but especially in the detection of a matching syllable, as well as in the execution of rhyme judgment.
|
['Adult', 'Auditory Perception', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Semantics', 'Signal Detection, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 22,711,328
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['E01.370.685.814', 'E05.796.908', 'F02.463.593.257.800', 'F02.463.593.710.725', 'F04.096.753.814', 'F04.669.908'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Preparing for retirement. Aspects of didactic adult education].
|
The beginning of the post-professional lifetime is one of the most significant transition points in human biography. Adult education is a central institution which prepares people for important changes of their living conditions after retirement. This article gives a description of motivations for an institutional preparation for retirement and shows its possible limitations. It introduces the elementary didactic categories of a differential pedagogical concept as participant-orientation and experience-orientation and shows their effects on planning, arrangement, and practice of special educational offers.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Aged', 'Education, Continuing', 'Humans', 'Job Satisfaction', 'Life Change Events', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Retirement']
| 2,763,620
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['I02.358.212'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['F01.829.458.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['I03.702']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vimentin participates in microglia activation and neurotoxicity in cerebral ischemia.
|
Microglia are the 'immune cells' of the brain and their activation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. Activated microglia produce high levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNFá, causing neurotoxicity. Here we show that vimentin played a key role in controlling microglia activation and neurotoxicity during cerebral ischemia. Deletion of vimentin expression significantly impaired microglia activation in response to LPS in vitro and transient focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. Reintroduction of the functional vimentin gene back into vimentin knockout microglia restored their response to LPS. More importantly, impairment of microglia activation significantly protected brain from cerebral ischemia-induced neurotoxicity. Collectively, we demonstrate a previously unknown function of vimentin in controlling microglia activation.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cell Separation', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microglia', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Plasmids', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Tetracycline', 'Vimentin']
| 22,681,613
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.393.475'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200.450', 'C10.228.140.300.510.200.387', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200.450', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200.450', 'C14.907.253.560.200.387', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200.450', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200.450', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200.450'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G12.287.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['C10'], ['G05.360.600'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cotton fiber annexins: a potential role in the regulation of callose synthase.
|
Cotton fibers contain a characteristic set of proteins which interact with plasma membranes in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. The association of these proteins with the membrane is correlated with a reduced level of UDP-glucose: (1-->3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthase activity. Analysis of the proteins released from membranes by EDTA treatment shows that the most abundant proteins comprise a family of at least three polypeptides (p34) which resemble annexins. This resemblance includes similarity in size (about 34 kDa), sequence homology, Ca(2+)-dependent precipitation or interaction with the plasma membrane, and ability to serve as a substrate for phosphorylation by endogenous protein kinase(s) which also bind to the membranes in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. A purified fraction of these annexins binds to, and inhibits, the activity of a partially purified cotton fiber callose synthase. These findings suggest that one possible function of annexin(s) in plants is to modulate the activity and/or localization of callose synthase.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Annexins', 'Calcium', 'Cations, Divalent', 'Cell Membrane', 'Edetic Acid', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Glucosyltransferases', 'Gossypium', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plant Proteins', 'Protein Kinases', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins']
| 8,401,609
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.157.125.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.248.497.300.333'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.244'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D12.776.354.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
"Alpha chain disease" protein def: internal deletion of a human immunoglobulin A1 heavy chain.
|
Protein Def is a human alpha chain disease protein related to alpha1 immunoglobulin heavy chain. The molecular weight of the polypeptide portion of the monomeric molecule is 29,300, which is a little greater than half of a normal alpha1 chain. The NH(2)-terminal of the polypeptide is heterogenous and, after a short segment corresponding to the variable region, displays a gap which comprises the C(H)1 constant domain. Normal synthesis resumes at a valine residue in the hinge region just before a segment which contains a partially duplicated fragment and the interheavy disulfide bonds. From there on, the molecule is apparently normal. Protein Def is therefore synthesized as an internally deleted alpha1 heavy chain, followed by postsynthetic amino-terminal proteolysis. It is postulated that codon(s) specifying valine at the hinge region may be a recognition site for reinitiating synthesis after internal gaps equivalent to position 216 in gamma chain disease proteins.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Electrophoresis, Paper', 'Heavy Chain Disease', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Immunoglobulin Fragments', 'Molecular Weight', 'Pepsin A', 'Peptides', 'Subtilisins', 'Trypsin']
| 4,595,579
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.401.319', 'E05.301.300.236'], ['C15.378.147.780.490', 'C15.604.515.435', 'C20.683.780.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D12.644.541.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.700', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.700'], ['D12.644'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.787', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.787'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) for previously untreated malignant gliomas.
|
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is one of the methods used to deliver a large single dose to the tumor tissue while reducing the exposure of normal surrounding tissue. However, the usefulness of intraoperative electron therapy for malignant gliomas has not been established.METHODS: During the period from 1987 to 1997, 32 patients with malignant gliomas were treated with IORT. The histological diagnoses were anaplastic astrocytoma in 11 patients and glioblastoma in 21 patients. Therapy consisted of surgical resection and intraoperative electron therapy using a dose of 12--15 Gy (median, 15 Gy). The patients later underwent postoperative external radiation therapy (EXRT) with a median total dose of 60 Gy. Each of the 32 patients treated with IORT was randomly matched with patients who had been treated with postoperative EXRT alone (control). Patients were matched according to histological grade, age, extent of tumor removal, and tumor location.RESULTS: In the anaplastic astrocytoma group, the one-, two- and five-year survival rates were 81%, 51% and 15%, respectively in the IORT patients and 54%, 43% and 21%, respectively in the control patients. In the glioblastoma group, one-, two- and five-year survival rates were 63%, 26% and 0%, respectively in the IORT patients and 70%, 18% and 6%, respectively in the control patients. There was no significant difference between survival rates in the IORT patients and control patients in either the anaplastic astrocytoma group or glioblastoma group.CONCLUSIONS: IORT dose not improve survival of patients with malignant gliomas compared to that of patients who have received EXRT alone.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Astrocytoma', 'Beta Particles', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Central Nervous System Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Glioblastoma', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occipital Lobe', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Postoperative Care', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Survival Rate', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 11,818,027
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080'], ['G01.750.750.125'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.588.614.250', 'C10.551.240'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.614.374', 'N02.421.585.753.374'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hormonal and Physiological Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training in Professional Male Canoe Polo Athletes.
|
This study compared the effects of 2 different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs in professional male canoe polo athletes. Responses of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), ventilatory threshold (VT), peak and mean anaerobic power output (PPO and MPO), blood volume, and hormonal adaptations to HIIT were examined. Male athletes (n = 21, age: 24 ± 3 years; height: 181 ± 4 cm; mass: 85 ± 6 kg; and body fat: 12.9 ± 2.7%) were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (N = 7): (a) (G1) interval paddling with variable volume (6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 9, 8, 7, 6 repetitions per session from first to ninth session, respectively) ? 60 second at lowest velocity that elicited VO2peak (vVO2peak), 1:3 work to recovery ratio; (b) (G2) interval paddling with variable intensity (6 ? 60 second at 100, 110, 120, 130, 130, 130, 120, 110, 100% vVO2peak from first to ninth session, respectively, 1:3 work to recovery); and (c) (GCON) the control group performed three 60 minutes paddling sessions (75% vVO2peak) per week for 3 weeks. High-intensity interval training resulted in significant (except as shown) increases compared with pretest, in VO2peak (G1 = +8.8% and G2 = +8.5%), heart rate at VT (b·min) (G1 = +9.7% and G2 = +5.9%) and (%maximum) (G1 = +6.9%; p = 0.29 and G2 = +6.5%), PPO (G1 = +9.7% and G2 = +12.2%), MPO (G1 = +11.1%; p = 0.29 and G2 = +16.2%), total testosterone (G1 = +29.4% and G2 = +16.7%), total testosterone/cortisol ratio (G1 = +40.9% and G2 = +28.1%), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (G1 = +1.7% and G2 = +1.3%). No significant changes were found in GCON. High-intensity interval paddling may improve both aerobic and anaerobic performances in professional male canoe polo athletes under the conditions of this study.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Anaerobic Threshold', 'Blood Volume', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Male', 'Physical Conditioning, Human', 'Physical Exertion', 'Random Allocation', 'Ships', 'Sports', 'Testosterone', 'Young Adult']
| 26,349,044
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G03.680.110', 'G11.427.680.134'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.311', 'I03.350.311'], ['G11.427.683'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['J01.937.817'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated human macrophage apoptosis after bacterial internalization via complement and Fcgamma receptors correlates with intracellular bacterial load.
|
Opsonization enhances Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) apoptosis. Both depletion of complement and immunoglobulin from opsonizing serum and blockade of the macrophages CR1, CR3, FcgammaRII, and FcgammaRIII partially decreased MDM apoptosis after S. pneumoniae phagocytosis, and these effects correlated with reduced numbers of internalized bacteria. Chloramphenicol inhibition of protein synthesis by opsonized S. pneumoniae down-regulated subsequent MDM apoptosis. Phagocytosis of an unencapsulated mutant of S. pneumoniae resulted in increased MDM apoptosis, in association with enhanced internalization. Caspase inhibition was associated with decreased killing of bacteria. Enhanced induction of apoptosis by opsonized S. pneumoniae is the result of increased intracellular burden of bacteria, rather than of a specific pattern of engagement of complement receptor or FcgammaR. A dynamic interaction between live intracellular bacteria and the host cell is necessary for induction of apoptosis in MDMs, and induction of apoptosis contributes to the host defense against S. pneumoniae.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Monocytes', 'Opsonin Proteins', 'Phagocytosis', 'Pneumonia, Pneumococcal', 'Receptors, Complement', 'Receptors, IgG', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']
| 14,551,881
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.767', 'D12.776.124.486.657', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.767', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.767'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670.750', 'C01.150.252.620.550', 'C01.748.610.540.550', 'C08.381.677.540.550', 'C08.730.610.540.550'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.833'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.300'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of metal pollution in Onsan Bay, Korea using Asian periwinkle Littorina brevicula as a biomonitor.
|
Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the marine gastropod, Littorina brevicula Philippi, were determined to assess the metal pollution in Onsan Bay, Korea. Samples of L. brevicula employed as a biomonitor and seawater were collected from 12 to 20 stations of Onsan Bay in November 1997, respectively. Dissolved metal concentrations in surface seawater were highest at the station near Onsan Non-ferrous Industrial Complex: 1.15 micrograms l-1 for Cd, 2.49 micrograms l-1 for Pb, 3.75 micrograms l-1 for Cu and 23.98 micrograms l-1 for Zn. These values were 1-2 orders higher than those shown at outer regions of the Bay. Metal concentrations in the soft body of periwinkles were highly variable at different sampling locations: 0.48-27.11 micrograms g-1 for Cd, 1.41-24.91 micrograms g-1 for Pb, 57-664 micrograms g-1 for Cu and 83-246 micrograms g-1 for Zn. The values from stations near the industrial complex were higher than those expected from relationships between body sizes and metal body burdens in periwinkles collected from the whole Korean coast. Spatial distribution of metal concentrations in the periwinkle and seawater indicated that Onsan industrial complex near the Bay is the input source of these metals. Especially, Cd and Pb concentrations in the periwinkle and seawater were distinctly decreased with distance from the Onsan industrial complex. Non-essential metals such as Cd and Pb in the periwinkle showed a strong correlation with dissolved metal concentrations in seawater. Conversely, essential Cu and Zn in the periwinkle were hardly explained by those in seawater, except at the most contaminated sites.
|
['Animals', 'Body Burden', 'Cadmium', 'Copper', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Fresh Water', 'Korea', 'Lead', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Mollusca', 'Seawater', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Zinc']
| 10,507,153
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.799.638.231', 'N06.850.460.200'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Non-peptidic inhibitors of human chymase. Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetic profiles of a series of 5-amino-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-containing trifluoromethyl ketones.
|
Chymase possesses a wide variety of actions, including promotion of angiotensin II production and histamine release from mast cells. However, due to a lack of effective inhibitors featuring both high inhibitory activity and high metabolic stability, the pathophysiological role of chymase has not been fully elucidated. We designed non-peptidic inhibitors based on the predicted binding mode of the peptidic chymase inhibitor Val-Pro-Phe-CF3 and demonstrated that the Val-Pro unit is replaceable with a (5-amino-6-oxo-2-phenyl-1,6-dihydro-1-pyrimidinyl)acetyl moiety. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that phenyl substitution at the 2-position of the pyrimidinone ring is indispensable for high activity. The most potent compound 1h (Ki = 0.0506 microM) is superior in potency to the parent peptidic inhibitor Val-Pro-Phe-CF3 and has good selectivity for chymase over other proteases. The related analogue 1e was orally absorbed and maintained high plasma levels for at least 2h. These results suggest that the derivatives reported here could be developed as agents for treatment of chymase-induced disease.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Cattle', 'Chymases', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Humans', 'Ketones', 'Kinetics', 'Pyrimidines', 'Rats', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Serine Proteinase Inhibitors', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 11,249,123
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.103', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.103'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.522'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.383.742'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex differences in small-magnitude heart-rate responses to sexual and infant-related stimuli: a psychophysiological approach.
|
Small-magnitude (2-3 beats per minute) heart-rate responses can show sex differences if assessed with a psychophysiological approach in which temporally fine-grained methods are used to determine topographical differences. Such differences emerged when 15 males and 37 females were shown videosegments depicting emotional scenes. Specifically, males accelerated to erotic segments (couples making love), while females accelerated to segments showing babies crying. In addition, the peak development of baby-cry-elicited accelerations occurred about 1 second before that of erotic segment-elicited accelerations. The results are consistent with a preparatory-response interpretation, but more research is needed both to investigate the generality of these sex differences in heart-rate responses, and to determine the role of experiential and psychosocial factors.
|
['Adult', 'Erotica', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychophysiology', 'Sex Factors']
| 2,629,003
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['K01.517.414', 'L01.178.682.441'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E02.190.525.812', 'F02.830', 'F04.096.795', 'H01.158.782.795'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Surface electrocardiographic characteristics of right and left atrial flutter.
|
BACKGROUND: There is little information about the surface expression of non-cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent right atrial (RA) or left atrial (LA) flutter circuits.METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively evaluated 32 episodes (in 26 patients) of atypical RA and 22 episodes (in 21 patients) of LA flutter. The surface ECG of 13 patients with lower-loop reentry was similar to that of their pattern during counterclockwise (CCW) CTI atrial flutter (AFL), except for decreased amplitude of the terminal forces in the inferior leads. In 11 of 24 episodes characterized by high or multiple breaks over the crista, the ECG showed changes that depended on the initial activation sequence of the LA. In 7 of 8 episodes of upper-loop reentry, the ECG pattern completely mimicked that for clockwise (CW) CTI AFL. All 11 patients with an LA septal circuit showed a typical ECG pattern characterized by prominent forces in lead V1 with flat deflections in the other surface leads. Eleven patients with other LA circuits had a more variable pattern but showed decreased voltage in the inferior leads compared with that of a group with CCW-CTI AFL (1.6+/-1 vs 2.68+/-0.7 mV, respectively; P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The RA surface-ECG patterns different from those of CCW or CW-CTI could still be CTI dependent. In contrast, a typical CW-CTI surface pattern was always seen in patients with upper-loop reentry, which was non-CTI dependent. LA AFL circuits had either flat or low-amplitude forces in the inferior leads.
|
['Aged', 'Atrial Flutter', 'Body Surface Potential Mapping', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 12,835,225
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067.248', 'C23.550.073.248'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.850.100', 'E01.370.405.240.850.100'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.245', 'E01.370.405.267'], ['A07.541.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A simple and cost effective method for the quantification of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine from urine using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
|
A rapid and high-throughput method for the determination of urinary levels of the oxidative stress biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), has been developed and validated using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The assay features a cheap and readily available non-isotopic internal standard, a single-step filtration sample preparation, and a total analysis time of 6 min including column re-equilibration. The method was validated based on linearity, accuracy (100-106%), precision (CV < 7%), sample preparation stability (< or =5%, 72 h). Intra-laboratory patient ranges were established comparing children and adults (n = 345).
|
["8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine", 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Deoxyguanosine', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 18,004,745
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240.500', 'D13.570.230.360.500', 'D13.570.583.454.240.500'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240', 'D13.570.230.360', 'D13.570.583.454.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dietary vitamin E supplement does not inhibit changes in lung pressure-volume characteristics produced by bleomycin in hamsters.
|
We tested the hypothesis that a dietary supplement of vitamin E (VE) may lessen changes in pulmonary pressure-volume characteristics induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Ninety-nine male hamsters were separated into a control group (C), a VE supplement group (E), a control plus bleomycin group (CB) and a VE supplement plus bleomycin group (EB). Animals were killed at 30, 40, 55, 70 and 90 days and the pressure-volume curves of their lungs, both air-filled and saline-filled, were determined. Bleomycin was instilled on the thirtieth day. Lung volumes, compliance and curve-fitting data were compared. The mean serum VE concentration was 17.5 micrograms.ml-1 in groups E and EB as compared to 5.7 micrograms.ml-1 in groups C and CB. Despite the remarkably high VE content, no significant difference was found between groups CB and EB for the parameters compared.
|
['Animals', 'Bleomycin', 'Cricetinae', 'Diet', 'Lung Compliance', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Vitamin E']
| 2,458,962
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.400.420.110', 'D12.644.233.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['E01.370.386.700.475', 'G09.772.540'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['C08.381.765'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Viscosity-dependent fluid dynamics of eyedrops on the ocular surface.
|
PURPOSE: To determine whether the viscosity of eyedrops affects the distribution of the precorneal tear film.METHODS: Using a differential pachymetry map, we obtained tear film thickness in healthy volunteers before and after the instillation of nonviscous, aqueous artificial tears and a 0.3% sodium hyaluronate solution.RESULTS: The instillation of aqueous artificial tears disclosed a significant (P < .05) thickening of the superior corneal tear film compared with the inferior corneal tear film. The increase in thickness by 0.3% sodium hyaluronate solution was uniform, with no differences between the superior and inferior cornea.CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous artificial tears caused an uneven thickening of the precorneal tear film, with most of the thickening observed at the superior cornea. Lower sections of the cornea may benefit less from the instillation of nonviscous solutions.
|
['Cornea', 'Corneal Topography', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Tears', 'Viscosity']
| 9,512,158
|
[['A09.371.060.217'], ['E01.370.380.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['D26.776.708.645', 'D27.505.954.578.645', 'D27.720.752.608'], ['A12.200.882'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dehydration propensity of order-disorder intermediate regions in soluble proteins.
|
Soluble folded proteins maintain their structural integrity by properly shielding most backbone amides and carbonyls from full hydration. This structure "wrapping" entails a proper packing of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Thus, a poorly wrapped hydrogen bond constitutes an identifiable packing defect. Such defects are promoters of protein associations since they favor the removal of hydrating molecules. In this work we show that large clusters of packing defects generate the most significant dehydration hot spots on the protein surface, inducing a strong dielectric modulation that is reflected by a local quenching of the dielectric permittivity. The PDB-reported proteins with the largest clusters of packing defects are found to be three cancer-related transcription factors, four highly interactive proteins related to cell signaling and cytoskeleton, and a cellular prion protein. A large concentration of packing defects in a soluble protein constitutes a structural singularity that is intermediate between order and disorder. The functional implications of this singularity are investigated to delineate diverse interrelated roles. The presence of these large clusters signals a structural vulnerability, a pronounced dehydration propensity, and a strong electrostatic enhancement.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Electrochemistry', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Folding', 'Proteins', 'Proteomics', 'Signal Transduction', 'Solubility', 'Solvents', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Water']
| 17,672,484
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.805'], ['D27.720.844'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ventricular arrhythmias in patients with myocardial infarction and ischaemia. Relationship to serum potassium and magnesium.
|
Alterations in serum electrolytes may frequently accompany ischaemic heart disease. Many of these patients are hypertensive and receive diuretic therapy which results in chronic lowering of serum potassium and magnesium. In addition, acute catecholamine-induced shifts of potassium into cells may also occur in the setting of acute myocardial ischaemia. An association between low serum potassium concentrations and ventricular arrhythmias has been observed by a number of investigators in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The increased frequency of ventricular fibrillation with low serum potassium concentrations is particularly relevant as this arrhythmia is associated with poor prognosis, even in the setting of a coronary care unit. Ventricular fibrillation also occurs with increased frequency in patients with angina who have low serum potassium levels. The possibility that low serum potassium concentrations may be a risk factor in the increased incidence of sudden death in such patients should be considered. Diuretic-induced magnesium deficiency may be yet another factor favouring the emergence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischaemic heart disease. While such electrolyte disturbances do not account for all of the ventricular irritability seen in patients with ischaemic heart disease, they represent easily identifiable and treatable risk factors. Primary prevention of these electrolyte disturbances in patients at risk for coronary ischaemia is recommended.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Coronary Disease', 'Digitalis Glycosides', 'Humans', 'Magnesium', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Potassium']
| 6,499,704
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500', 'D09.408.180.261'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biomass smoke COPD has less tomographic abnormalities but worse hypoxemia compared with tobacco COPD.
|
Special attention has emerged towards biomass smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), providing new knowledge for prevention and therapeutic approach of non-smoker COPD patients. However, the understanding of biomass smoke COPD is still limited and somewhat controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare COPD exclusively caused by tobacco smoking with COPD exclusively caused by environmental or occupational exposures. For this cross-sectional study, COPD patients were recruited from outpatient clinics and formed two groups: non-smoker COPD group (n=16) with exposure to biomass smoke who did not smoke cigarette and tobacco smoker COPD group (n=15) with people who did not report biomass smoke exposure. Subjects underwent pulmonary function tests, thoracic high-resolution computed tomography, 6-min walk test, and sputum induction. The non-smoker COPD group had biomass smoke exposure of 133.3±86 hour-years. The tobacco COPD group smoked 48.5±27.4 pack-years. Women were 62.5 and 66.7%, respectively, of non-smokers and smokers. The non-smoker COPD group showed higher prevalence of dyspnea, lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), and lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2%) with similar spirometry results, lung volumes, and diffusion capacity. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, differences were detected in sputum number of lymphomononuclear cells and in sputum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 with higher values in the smoker group. Emphysema was more prevalent in the tobacco smoker group, which also showed higher relative bronchial wall thickness and lower lung density by quantitative analysis. Biomass smoke induced more hypoxemia compared to tobacco in COPD patients with similar severity.
|
['Aged', 'Biomass', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Smoke', 'Spirometry', 'Sputum', 'Tobacco', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 31,038,579
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['D20.633.937'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['A12.200.808'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Knowledge of correct condom use and consistency of use among adolescents in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
|
Using data from the 2004 National Adolescent Surveys, this paper undertook a detail analysis of knowledge of correct condom use and consistency of use, as well as their covariates, among adolescents in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. The strongest predictor of knowledge of correct condom use among both male and female adolescents is exposure to a condom use demonstration. In Burkina Faso, Ghana and Uganda, adolescents who have seen a condom demonstration are 2 to 5 times as likely as those who have not to have good knowledge of correct condom use. Age, ever received sex education in school, ever attended school and exposure to the radio are also significant predictors of knowledge of correct use, particularly among men. As indicated by behavior among young men, the extent to which adolescents use the condom consistently varies across countries. Yet, it is nowhere near the required 100% level. The proportion reporting consistent use of the method in the 3 months preceding the survey is 38% in Burkina Faso, 47% in Ghana, 20% in Malawi and 36% in Uganda. Age difference between partners is a major determinant of consistent use of condoms: young men whose partner is 0-4 years younger are about two and a half times more likely to use condoms consistently than those who whose partner is 5-9 years younger. Other important predictors of consistent condom use are residence, education, living arrangement and exposure to mass media, specifically the radio and newspaper. Findings from this study point to areas that policy and program can address to provide adolescents access to the kinds of information and service they need to achieve healthy sexual and reproductive lives.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Africa South of the Sahara', 'Condoms', 'Contraceptive Devices, Male', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sex Education', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Young Adult']
| 18,458,741
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['Z01.058.290'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['E07.190.270'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.096.837.500', 'I02.233.332.749'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Chest pain in acute myocardial infarction among diabetic and non-diabetic patients].
|
Considering that diabetic patients suffering from Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) may or may not have chest pain, this study aimed to compare the presence and intensity of chest pain in AMI between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included patients with AMI, aged ? 18 years, both sexes. We used a verbal numeric scale for assessing the presence and intensity of pain. The study included 88 patients, of whom 77 (87.5%) non-diabetic patients and 11 (12.5%) diabetics. The pain was present in 11 (100%) of diabetics and in 76 (98.7%) of non-diabetics. The intensity of pain in diabetics was 8.91 versus 8.23 in non-diabetic patients. The study showed similarity in the presence and intensity of chest pain between diabetic and non diabetic patients suffering from AMI.
|
['Chest Pain', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 22,751,712
|
[['C23.888.592.612.233'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C14.907.320', 'C19.246.099.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chemical doping and electron-hole conduction asymmetry in graphene devices.
|
We investigate poly(ethylene imine) and diazonium salts as stable, complementary dopants on graphene. Transport in graphene devices doped with these molecules exhibits asymmetry in electron and hole conductance. The conductance of one carrier is preserved, while the conductance of the other carrier decreases. Simulations based on nonequilibrium Green's function formalism suggest that the origin of this asymmetry is imbalanced carrier injection from the graphene electrodes caused by misalignment of the electrode and channel neutrality points.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Crystallization', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Electron Transport', 'Graphite', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Materials Testing', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanostructures', 'Nanotechnology', 'Particle Size', 'Surface Properties']
| 19,102,701
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['G02.111.248', 'G03.295.531.403', 'G03.493.350'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['D05'], ['E05.570'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['J01.637.512'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['G02.712'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accuracy of levelling intraventricular collection drainage systems.
|
In neuroscience critical care units, patients may have ventricular drains placed to aid management of acutely elevated intracranial pressure from a variety of causes. Correct placement of the ventricular drainage collection system, a nursing responsibility, is key to the process, and has the potential to influence patient outcome. A two-part study investigated the accuracy with which registered nurses levelled a ventricular drainage collection system. Part 1 found that nurses (N = 33) were unable to accurately level using visual means only. Part 2 found that nurses' (N = 31) use of a tool (a carpenter's level or a newly developed laser levelling device) dramatically improved accuracy. However, demographic differences between nurses in Part 1 and Part 2 may have contributed to this outcome. While both tools were accurate, the laser levelling device was superior to the carpenter's level for speed of use, nurses' rating of ease of use and patient safety.
|
['Catheters, Indwelling', 'Critical Care', 'Drainage', 'Gravitation', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Hypertension', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Ventricular Pressure', 'Ventriculostomy']
| 9,307,930
|
[['E07.132.500'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['G01.060.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.631'], ['E01.370.520'], ['G09.330.380.937', 'G09.330.955.950'], ['E04.035.188.957', 'E04.525.170.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Temporal dynamics of sequential motor activation in a dual-prime paradigm: Insights from conditional accuracy and hazard functions.
|
In response priming experiments, a participant has to respond as quickly and as accurately as possible to a target stimulus preceded by a prime. The prime and the target can either be mapped to the same response (consistent trial) or to different responses (inconsistent trial). Here, we investigate the effects of two sequential primes (each one either consistent or inconsistent) followed by one target in a response priming experiment. We employ discrete-time hazard functions of response occurrence and conditional accuracy functions to explore the temporal dynamics of sequential motor activation. In two experiments (small-N design, 12 participants, 100 trials per cell and subject), we find that (1) the earliest responses are controlled exclusively by the first prime if primes are presented in quick succession, (2) intermediate responses reflect competition between primes, with the second prime increasingly dominating the response as its time of onset is moved forward, and (3) only the slowest responses are clearly controlled by the target. The current study provides evidence that sequential primes meet strict criteria for sequential response activation. Moreover, it suggests that primes can influence responses out of a memory buffer when they are presented so early that participants are forced to delay their responses.
|
['Humans', 'Motor Activity', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Problem Solving', 'Reaction Time']
| 32,166,642
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment of distal radius fractures with a low-profile dorsal plating system: an outcomes assessment.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate objective functional and radiographic outcomes after internal fixation of acute, displaced, and unstable fractures of the distal aspect of the radius in adults by using a low-profile dorsal plating system. Our hypothesis was that the low-profile dorsal plating system would allow for a reduction of extensor tendon irritation and pain and provide stable osseous fixation.METHODS: Sixty consecutive unstable fractures in 59 patients were treated by open reduction internal fixation using a low-profile dorsal plating system. There were 29 type A, 14 type B, and 8 type C fractures (AO classification system). Fifty patients with 51 fractures returned for outcomes assessment by physical examination, plain radiographs, and completion of a validated musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year; the mean follow-up period was 24 months. Clinical evaluation was performed and plain radiographs were assessed for maintenance of immediate postoperative reduction and implant position. Objective functional assessment was obtained through the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire.RESULTS: Outcomes analysis showed no cases of extensor tendon irritation or rupture. Hardware removal was performed in 1 patient but no extensor tendon irritation or rupture was evidenced. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 11.9; implant-related discomfort was minimal. All patients had an excellent (31 patients) or good (19 patients) result according to the scoring system of Gartland and Werley. The mean active range of motion was greater than 80% of that of the contralateral wrist in flexion/extension, pronation/supination, and ulnar/radial deviation. Extensor tendon function was unimpaired in all patients. Grip and pinch strength averaged 90% and 94% of the contralateral sides, respectively. Radiographic evaluation showed no change in fracture reduction or implant position.CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of distal radius fractures with a low-profile stainless steel dorsal plating system is a safe and effective method that provides stable internal fixation and allows for full extensor tendon glide and full metacarpophalangeal joint motion. Objective outcome testing showed uniformly good to excellent recovery of wrist and hand function in all patients.TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Plates', 'Cohort Studies', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Joint Instability', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pronation', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Radiography', 'Radius Fractures', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Supination', 'Wrist Joint']
| 16,516,731
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.521'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.410.698.840'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C26.088.268.556', 'C26.404.562'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G11.427.410.698.920'], ['A02.835.583.405.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Predictive factors of the duration of a first-attack acute urticaria in children.
|
PURPOSES: This study's aim was to determine the predictive factors of the duration of first-attack acute urticaria in children.BASIC PROCEDURES: The sample included 1075 children admitted to the emergency department with first-attack acute urticaria. Variables comprising the clinical features and past histories of children with duration of disease of 3 days or less, 4 to 7 days, 8 to 14 days, and 15 days or more were compared to determine the predictors of duration of acute urticaria.MAIN FINDINGS: Age, various etiologies, clinical presentations, coexistent pyrexia or angioedema, and personal histories of allergic diseases were significant factors (all P < .05). Among allergic diseases, atopic dermatitis was the most significant predictor of duration of acute urticaria, and those with multiple allergic diseases had longer durations of urticaria (both P < .05). Oral plus injection forms of antihistamine or steroid were related to shorter duration of disease (P < .05).PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: Etiologies and personal allergy history may be the most important predictors of the duration of a first attack of acute urticaria.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Urticaria']
| 20,627,220
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C16.320.850.210', 'C17.800.174.193', 'C17.800.815.193', 'C17.800.827.210', 'C20.543.480.343'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C17.800.862.945', 'C20.543.480.904']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Doctor's order: an early modern doctor's alchemical notebooks.
|
This is a case study on a series of at least thirty-four sixteenth-century notebooks from the Sloane collection, which reconsiders early modern notetaking techniques and the organisation of knowledge. These notebooks were written by an anonymous compiler, a physician who read widely in the alchemical and medical literature available in his lifetime, the late sixteenth century. In the alchemica, he devotes individual volumes to specific alchemical substances, which are connected with each other by means of a complex system of cross-referencing; they are constantly revised and change appearance according to the physician's latest ideas about alchemical medicines. As a result, the notebooks not only preserve received information (a task otherwise performed by commonplace books in this period)--they also represent an equivalent to the alchemical workshop, where the combination of different textual elements generates knowledge.
|
['Alchemy', 'History, 16th Century', 'Manuscripts, Medical as Topic']
| 18,548,902
|
[['K01.672.148'], ['K01.400.475.750'], ['L01.178.682.608.526']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Column selection and method development for the determination of the enantiomeric purity of investigational non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
|
DPC 961 and DPC 083 are investigational non-nucleoside reversed transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) being evaluated for the treatment of HIV infections (Corbett et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:2893-2897). Both compounds are chiral and are synthesized as single enantiomers by an asymmetric synthetic pathway (Magnus et al., Tetrahedron Lett 2000;41:3015-3019). A chiral method was developed to control the enantiomeric purity of the drug substance and to monitor for any chiral inversion in the drug substance and in the tablet formulation during stability studies. Three columns were evaluated: Chiralpak AD, Chirobiotic V, and Whelk-O. All three columns have broad applicability and can resolve enantiomers of compounds of very diverse molecular structure and polarity. The three columns were evaluated with various mobile phase compositions for their ability to resolve the racemic mixtures of DPC 083, DPC 961, and their respective enantiomers and for their selectivity toward the synthetic impurities of the two drug substances. Nonaqueous mobile phases were selected because the two drugs are poorly water soluble. The separation between the unwanted enantiomer of DPC 083 and DPC 961, which is a major impurity of DPC 083, in particular, was closely monitored. The final method was fully validated and is used for the routine testing of the drug substance and tablets.
|
['Anti-HIV Agents', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Quinazolines', 'Quinazolinones', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 11,284,024
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['D03.633.100.786.830'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Developmentally regulated rat brain mRNAs: molecular and anatomical characterization.
|
In order to identify markers for developing neural cell populations and gain molecular insights into the processes of neural development and differentiation, we have selected cDNA clones of rat brain mRNAs that are expressed in brain at embryonic day 16 (E16) with at least 10-fold greater abundance than they are in adult brain. Eleven such clones were obtained from a cDNA library of E16 brain poly(A)+ RNA using a combination of differential and subtractive hybridization screens. The temporal and spatial patterns of expression of the mRNAs corresponding to these clones were characterized by Northern (RNA) blotting and by in situ hybridization. Although all the mRNAs were enriched in embryonic brain, different mRNAs demonstrated maximum abundance at different times in late embryogenesis. The mRNAs can be grouped into 3 classes on the basis of their patterns of spatial expression in the embryo: one cDNA clone from each class and its corresponding mRNAs have been characterized in more detail. Class C represents mRNAs that are highly enriched in the nervous system and may be expressed in newly differentiating neurons; the example chosen was shown by nucleotide sequence analysis to encode the brain alpha 1 isotype of tubulin. Class B mRNAs have a broader distribution in the developing embryo but are expressed predominantly in the ventricular germinal zones of the developing nervous system and may represent molecules involved with neurogenesis. A third class (Class A) includes mRNAs with a more homogeneous distribution within the embryo and developing nervous system, which may encode "housekeeping" molecules. These clones and their encoded products will provide markers for cell populations at particular stages of neural development.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'DNA', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Immunologic Techniques', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Poly A', 'RNA', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,441,010
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['E05.478'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term follow-up after exertional heat illness during recruit training.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term susceptibility to subsequent serious exertional heat illness (EHI) in military recruits who suffered exertional heat illness during basic training.METHODS: We identified Marine Corps members who completed at least 6 months of military service and suffered EHI treated as outpatients (N = 872) or inpatients (N = 50) during basic training in 1979-1991 at the Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot, SC (EHI cases). We compared them to 1391 similar members (noncases) who did not experience EHI during basic training. These subjects were followed from 6 months after accession into the military through the subsequent 4 yr. Follow-up was through military personnel records to determine retention and military hospital databases to determine subsequent hospitalizations during military service.RESULTS: Military retention rates were slightly lower for those who suffered EHI during basic training, compared with those who did not (24% vs 30% at 4 yr, respectively). Outpatient EHI cases also had about 40% higher subsequent hospitalization rates in military hospitals than noncases during their continued military service, although these differences declined over time and diagnoses showed little relationship to EHI. EHI cases had higher rates of subsequent hospitalization for EHI, but the number was too small (five hospitalizations) to provide stable comparisons.CONCLUSION: Hospitalization for EHI is uncommon during subsequent military service after an initial episode during basic training, and occurrence of EHI during basic training has only a small impact on subsequent military retention and hospitalization.
|
['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heat Stress Disorders', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Risk Factors']
| 11,528,330
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C26.522'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.625'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term economic outcomes associated with intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy in coronary artery disease: results from the Treating to New Targets (TNT) Trial.
|
BACKGROUND: In 10,001 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) enrolled in the Treating to New Targets (TNT) trial, 80 mg/d of atorvastatin (high-dose regimen) reduced the composite primary end point of death from CAD, nonfatal myocardial infarction, resuscitation from cardiac arrest, or stroke by 22% relative to 10 mg/d (low-dose regimen).METHODS: We performed an economic analysis of this trial from the US perspective using hospital bills and Medicare physician fees to estimate costs for cardiovascular hospitalizations in all US patients (n = 5,308). Atorvastatin costs were assigned using a discounted average wholesale price. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the within-trial incremental cost required to prevent one primary end point event with high-dose atorvastatin.RESULTS: During a mean 4.9-year follow-up, the high-dose arm had fewer potential end point cardiovascular hospitalizations (35% vs 41%, P < .001) and revascularization procedures (16% vs 22%, P < .001). The high-dose regimen was $1 per day more expensive. At the end of 5 years, cumulative incremental cost for the high-dose arm was $252 (95% CI-$722 to +$1,276). With an absolute reduction in the primary end point of 2.8 per 100 treated with the high-dose regimen, the cost to prevent one additional primary end point event was $8,964.CONCLUSION: High-dose atorvastatin treatment of 5 years had only a small net incremental cost because of reduced complications and procedures. The cost to prevent one additional primary end point event with high-dose therapy was similar to that for drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents in stable CAD and for early invasive versus early conservative therapy in acute coronary syndromes.
|
['Aged', 'Atorvastatin', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Heptanoic Acids', 'Hospital Costs', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Male', 'Medicare', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pyrroles', 'United States']
| 18,926,150
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D03.383.129.578.075', 'D10.251.450.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['D10.251.450'], ['N03.219.151.400.687', 'N03.219.262.500', 'N05.300.375.500'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.100.376.719', 'E04.928.220.520'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neuronal calcium activates a Rap1 and B-Raf signaling pathway via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.
|
Activity-dependent regulation of neuronal events such as cell survival and synaptic plasticity is controlled by increases in neuronal calcium levels. These actions often involve stimulation of intracellular kinase signaling pathways. For example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), signaling cascade has increasingly been shown to be important for the induction of gene expression and long term potentiation. However, the mechanisms leading to ERK activation by neuronal calcium are still unclear. In the present study, we describe a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent signaling pathway that may link neuronal calcium influx to ERKs via the small G-protein, Rap1, and the neuronal Raf isoform, B-Raf. Thus, in PC12 cells, depolarization-mediated calcium influx led to the activation of B-Raf, but not Raf-1, via PKA. Furthermore, depolarization also induced the PKA-dependent stimulation of Rap1 and led to the formation of a Rap1/B-Raf signaling complex. In contrast, depolarization did not lead to the association of Ras with B-Raf. The major action of PKA-dependent Rap1/B-Raf signaling in neuronal cells is the activation of ERKs. Thus, we further show that, in both PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons, depolarization-induced calcium influx stimulates ERK activity in a PKA-dependent manner. Given the fact that both Rap1 and B-Raf are highly expressed in the central nervous system, we suggest that this signaling pathway may regulate a number of activity-dependent neuronal functions.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Neurons', 'PC12 Cells', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction', 'rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins']
| 10,652,372
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.500', 'D12.644.360.400.842.500', 'D12.776.476.400.842.500', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.475.100', 'D12.644.360.525.475.100', 'D12.776.157.325.515.475.100', 'D12.776.476.525.475.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis.
|
: The main goal of the present study was to identify and validate latent classes of suicidal behavior in a representative sample of adolescents. The sample comprised a total of 1506 students, including 667 males (44.3%), selected through a sample stratified by clusters. The mean age was 16.15 years (SD = 1.36). The instruments used evaluated suicidal behavior, positive and negative affect, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and subjective well-being. Using the Paykel Suicide Scale, the latent class analysis identified four homogeneous subgroups: "low risk", "suicidal act", "suicidal ideation", and "high risk for suicide". These subgroups presented a differential pattern in terms of their social-emotional adjustment. The subgroups with the highest theoretical risk showed lower scores on subjective well-being and positive affect as well as higher scores on emotional and behavioral problems and negative affect compared to the non-risk subgroups. This study contributes to an understanding of the typologies of suicidal behavior among adolescents and the relationship with psychopathological adjustment. Ultimately, these findings may promote the development or improvement of early detection and prevention strategies in the suicidal behavior field in order to reduce the socio-economic burdens associated with suicide in young populations.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Emotions', 'Humans', 'Latent Class Analysis', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Suicidal Ideation', 'Suicide', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 32,325,865
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.250.338', 'G17.035.625', 'L01.224.050.687', 'N05.715.360.750.200.375', 'N06.850.520.830.250.338'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.149', 'I01.880.735.856.149'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Focal and perifocal changes in tissue energy state during middle cerebral artery occlusion in normo- and hyperglycemic rats.
|
The objective of the present study was to assess changes in cellular energy metabolism in focal and perifocal areas of a stroke lesion and to explore how these changes are modulated by preischemic hyperglycemia. A model for reversible occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in rats was used to study changes in energy metabolism. Following MCA occlusion for 5, 15, or 30 min in normoglycemic rats, the tissue was frozen in situ, and samples from the lateral caudoputamen and from two neocortical areas were collected for metabolite analyses, together with a control sample from the contralateral, nonischemic hemisphere. Two other groups, subjected to 30 min of MCA occlusion, were made hyperglycemic by acute glucose infusion or by prior injection of streptozotocin. Enzymatic techniques were used for measurements of phosphocreatine, creatine, ATP, ADP, AMP, glycogen, glucose, pyruvate, and lactate. The neocortex of the contralateral, nonischemic hemisphere had labile metabolites that were similar to those measured in control animals. Ipsilateral neocortex bordering the focus, and thus constituting the "penumbra," showed mild to moderate ischemic changes. In the "focus" (lateral caudoputamen plus the overlying neocortex), deterioration of energy state was rapid and relatively extensive (ATP content 20-40% of control). After 5 min of occlusion, no further deterioration of metabolic parameters was observed. Substrate levels were markedly reduced, and lactate content rose to approximately 10 mM kg-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Animals', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Temperature', 'Brain', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Glucose', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 1,727,140
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G03.295'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of multiple forms of carbonyl reductase from chicken liver.
|
Three enzyme forms (CR1, CR2 and CR3) of carbonyl reductase were purified from chicken liver with using 4-benzoylpyridine as a substrate. CR1 was a dimeric enzyme composed of two identical 25-kD subunits. CR2 and CR3 were monomeric enzymes whose molecular weights were both 32 kD. CR1 exhibited 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity as well as carbonyl reductase activity in the presence of both NADP(H) and NAD(H). CR2 and CR3 had similar properties with regard to substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. They could exhibit the activity only with NADPH and had no hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. CR2 and CR3 cross-reacted with anti-chicken kidney carbonyl reductase antibody, though CR1 did not. The results suggest that CR1 is a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and CR2 and CR3 are similar to each other and to the kidney enzymes.
|
['17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases', 'Alcohol Oxidoreductases', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Chickens', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Cytosol', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Isoenzymes', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Molecular Weight', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 1,338,044
|
[['D08.811.682.047.436.375'], ['D08.811.682.047'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['G02.494'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Emergence of integron borne PER-1 mediated extended spectrum cephalosporin resistance among nosocomial isolates of Gram-negative bacilli.
|
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Pseudomonas extended resistant (PER) enzymes are rare type of extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) that confer third generation cephalosporin resistance. These are often integron borne and laterally transmitted. The aim of the present study was to investigate the emergence of integron borne cephalosporin resistant PER-1 gene in diverse incompatibility (Inc) group plasmids among Gram-negative bacteria.METHODS: A total of 613 consecutive, non-duplicate, Gram-negative bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from different clinical specimens during a period of 18 months. For amplification and detection of blaPER, multiplex PCR was done. For understanding the genetic environment of blaPER-1, integrase gene PCR and cassette PCR (59 be) was performed. Gene transferability experiment was carried out and PCR based replicon typing was performed for incompatibility group typing of plasmids using 18 pairs of primers. An inhibitor based method was used for phenotypic detection of intrinsic resistance.RESULTS: Multiplex PCR and sequencing confirmed that 45 isolates were harbouring blaPER-1. Both class 1 and class 2 integrons were observed among them. Integrase and cassette PCR (59 be) PCR results confirmed that the resistant determinant was located within class 1 integron. Transformation and conjugation experiments revealed that PER-1 was laterally transferable and disseminated through diverse Inc plasmid type. Efflux pump mediated carbapenem resistance was observed in all isolates. All isolates belonged to heterogenous groups.INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the dissemination of cephalosporins resistant, integron borne blaPER-1 in hospital setting in this part of the country and emphasizes on the rational use of third generation cephalosporins to slow down the expansion of this rare type of ESBL gene.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cephalosporins', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Infant', 'Integrons', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasmids', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 26,205,025
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D02.065.589.099.249', 'D02.886.665.074', 'D03.633.100.300.249'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.330.200.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Defective signal transduction in CD4-CD8- T cells of lpr mice.
|
Mice homozygous for the lpr gene develop a lymphoproliferative disorder due to expansion of a subset of CD4-CD8- T cells. Triggering of the T-cell receptor in these lpr T cells does not lead to translocation of protein kinase C or phosphorylation of CD3, interleukin-2 production, or proliferation, whereas a combination of phorbol ester and calcium ionophore does. Stimulation with concanavalin A or anti-CD3 induces phosphoinositide hydrolysis. The rise in inositol bisphosphate, inositol triphosphate, and inositol tetrakisphosphate, identified by HPLC, is similar in +/+ and lpr T cells. The concentration of cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca2+]i), however, under basal and stimulated conditions is significantly lower in lpr T cells. The lower basal [Ca2+]i may explain why induction of proliferation with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore requires a higher concentration of ionophore in these cells than in normal T cells. The lower [Ca2+]i obtained on stimulation may contribute to the activation defect of CD4-CD8- lpr T cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Calcium', 'Concanavalin A', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Inositol Phosphates', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 2,551,509
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264', 'D23.101.100'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.033.800.519.400', 'D09.853.519.400', 'D09.894.480'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MT3-MMP (MMP-16) is downregulated by in vitro cytokine stimulation of cartilage, but unaltered in naturally occurring equine osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis.
|
Matrix degradation by metalloproteinases is considered a key feature in the loss of articular cartilage seen in many joint diseases. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MT3-MMP) expression is elevated in human cartilage in end-stage osteoarthritis. We investigated whether MT3-MMP is similarly regulated in cartilage in two naturally occurring arthropathies in vivo and whether proinflammatory cytokines regulate its expression in vitro. MT3-MMP expression was evaluated in cartilage from horses with osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis and compared with age- and site-matched normal cartilage. MT3-MMP also was measured in normal cartilage stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines. MT3-MMP expression was not significantly altered in either osteoarthritis or osteochondrosis cartilage. However, gene expression was significantly downregulated by the addition of recombinant human interleukin-1beta, oncostatin M, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha to normal cartilage explants. The results suggest that MT3-MMP may not have a role in matrix destruction in equine cartilage diseases. Further work is required to characterize its regulation and function.
|
['Animals', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Down-Regulation', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 16', 'Oncostatin M', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Osteochondritis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 18,382,891
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['G05.308'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.300.600', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.300.750'], ['D12.644.276.374.562', 'D12.776.467.374.562', 'D23.529.374.562'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['C05.116.791', 'C05.182.520', 'C17.300.182.520'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of terfenadine on unilateral nasal challenge with allergen.
|
To investigate the role of H1 receptor-mediated effects in allergic rhinitis, we challenged 12 allergic volunteers with allergen 2 hours after administration of either placebo or 60 mg of terfenadine. Filter paper discs were used for the unilateral administration of allergen and the collection of nasal secretions. Secretion weights, levels of histamine in recovered nasal secretions, and nasal airway resistance (NAR) were measured for each nostril separately, and the number of sneezes was counted. After placebo treatment, allergen challenge led to significant increases in ipsilateral and contralateral secretion weights, ipsilateral histamine levels, ipsilateral NAR, and sneezing. Contralateral histamine levels were not elevated. H1 antagonism with terfenadine markedly reduced the number of sneezes and partially decreased ipsilateral and contralateral secretion weights, without affecting the increase in NAR. Terfenadine premedication also lowered the amount of histamine in ipsilateral secretions after allergen challenge. Performing identical nasal challenges with a 10-fold lower dose of antigen produced similar results. Previous studies showed that terfenadine had no effect on methacholine provocation and completely abolished ipsilateral and contralateral secretion weights after histamine challenge. We conclude that sneezing after allergen challenge is caused almost exclusively by a reflex initiated through H1 receptors and that H1 antagonism has no influence on allergen-induced increases in NAR. Unilateral allergen challenge leads to bilateral increases in secretion weights, which are only partially inhibited by terfenadine, suggesting the involvement of mediators other than histamine in the nasonasal reflex. As reported earlier, terfenadine also decreases allergen-induced histamine release after challenge with the highest dose of antigen.
|
['Adult', 'Airway Resistance', 'Allergens', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Histamine Release', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Male', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Nasal Provocation Tests', 'Sneezing', 'Terfenadine']
| 7,512,101
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.386.700.050', 'G09.772.060'], ['D23.050.063'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['G12.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['A04.531.449'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['E01.370.386.550'], ['C23.888.852.889', 'G09.772.832'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115.800', 'D03.383.621.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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