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The blink reflex in patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia.
|
The blink reflex and its recovery cycle were examined in 57 patients with idiopathic dystonia affecting different parts of the body. The group comprised 9 patients with generalized and 15 with segmental forms, 19 with torticollis, and 14 with focal arm dystonia. None had blepharospasm. The duration and amplitude of the R2 component of the blink reflex showed only minor changes. However, its recovery cycle to paired supraorbital nerve stimuli was abnormal in all groups of patients, except those with focal arm dystonia. These findings may be interpreted as showing abnormal control of the interneuronal networks mediating the blink reflex in patients with dystonia affecting sites other than the facial muscles. The fact that the principal changes were seen in patients with torticollis, and generalized or segmental dystonia, suggests that the extent of dystonia (rather than the severity) and, therefore, the close proximity to the cranial muscles was important in determining the extent of the abnormal interneuron function.
|
['Arm', 'Blinking', 'Dystonia Musculorum Deformans', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reaction Time', 'Torticollis']
| 2,322,135
|
[['A01.378.800.075'], ['G11.561.731.127', 'G14.152'], ['C10.228.140.079.357', 'C10.228.662.300.200', 'C10.574.500.393', 'C16.320.400.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['C23.888.592.350.300.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 1
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|
Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a naturally conceived singleton pregnancy after ovulation induction: a case report.
|
OBJECTIVE: To present a case of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in a naturally conceived singleton pregnancy after ovulation induction.CASE: A 31-year-old woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) underwent ovulation induction therapy. Six days later, she was admitted to the present hospital with the symptoms of OHSS. Ultrasonography confirmed the single live intrauterine pregnancy, as well as enlarged multicystic ovaries and marked ascites that required abdominal paracentesis. The woman was treated with intravenous infusion, exogenous colloid supplementation, essentiale liver treatment, rocephin anti-infective therapy for skin lymphangitis of left lower limb, and drainage of the ascites. She recovered by day 45 of admission.CONCLUSION: Severe OHSS may develop in women with PCOS who undergo ovulation induction therapy. Serious complications may develop rapidly and therefore OHSS must be treated urgently and with multidisciplinary management.
|
['Adult', 'Ascites', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Paracentesis', 'Patient Care Management', 'Patient Care Team', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Pregnancy', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography']
| 29,746,043
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.081'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.056.630.642', 'C19.391.630.642'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984'], ['E01.370.225.998.329', 'E02.309.805', 'E02.800.550', 'E04.237.667', 'E04.665.600', 'E05.200.998.329'], ['N04.590'], ['N04.590.715'], ['C04.182.612.765', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580.765', 'C19.391.630.580.765'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Tracing the Potential Flow of Consumer Data: A Network Analysis of Prominent Health and Fitness Apps.
|
BACKGROUND: A great deal of consumer data, collected actively through consumer reporting or passively through sensors, is shared among apps. Developers increasingly allow their programs to communicate with other apps, sensors, and Web-based services, which are promoted as features to potential users. However, health apps also routinely pose risks related to information leaks, information manipulation, and loss of information. There has been less investigation into the kinds of user data that developers are likely to collect, and who might have access to it.OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe how consumer data generated from mobile health apps might be distributed and reused. We also aimed to outline risks to individual privacy and security presented by this potential for aggregating and combining user data across apps.METHODS: We purposively sampled prominent health and fitness apps available in the United States, Canada, and Australia Google Play and iTunes app stores in November 2015. Two independent coders extracted data from app promotional materials on app and developer characteristics, and the developer-reported collection and sharing of user data. We conducted a descriptive analysis of app, developer, and user data collection characteristics. Using structural equivalence analysis, we conducted a network analysis of sampled apps' self-reported sharing of user-generated data.RESULTS: We included 297 unique apps published by 231 individual developers, which requested 58 different permissions (mean 7.95, SD 6.57). We grouped apps into 222 app families on the basis of shared ownership. Analysis of self-reported data sharing revealed a network of 359 app family nodes, with one connected central component of 210 app families (58.5%). Most (143/222, 64.4%) of the sampled app families did not report sharing any data and were therefore isolated from each other and from the core network. Fifteen app families assumed more central network positions as gatekeepers on the shortest paths that data would have to travel between other app families.CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional analysis highlights the possibilities for user data collection and potential paths that data is able to travel among a sample of prominent health and fitness apps. While individual apps may not collect personally identifiable information, app families and the partners with which they share data may be able to aggregate consumer data, thus achieving a much more comprehensive picture of the individual consumer. The organizations behind the centrally connected app families represent diverse industries, including apparel manufacturers and social media platforms that are not traditionally involved in health or fitness. This analysis highlights the potential for anticipated and voluntary but also possibly unanticipated and involuntary sharing of user data, validating privacy and security concerns in mobile health.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Data Collection', 'Humans', 'Mobile Applications', 'Telemedicine']
| 28,659,254
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.900.685'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
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Polyamines stimulate lysosomal cystine transport.
|
Lysosomal cystine transport is a carrier-dependent process that, in isolated lysosomes, is stimulated by proton gradients, membrane potential, and millimolar concentrations of divalent cations. The importance of these regulatory factors in vivo is not well established. Polyamines were found to stimulate cystine transport in Percoll gradient purified rat liver lysosomes with spermidine greater than putrescine = cadaverine greater than spermine in order of effectiveness. Maximal stimulation was achieved with 500 microM spermidine. The effects of optimal concentrations of polyamines and divalent cations on cystine transport were not additive. Spermidine stimulated cystine efflux from lysosomes of cultured human diploid fibroblasts, but had no effect on lysosomes of cystinotic fibroblasts which have defective cystine transport. Spermidine did not accumulate within lysosomes in exchange for cystine, had no effect on lysosomal pH, had only slight effects on the lysosomal membrane potential, and had little effect on either methionine or tyrosine efflux. Polyamines are cellular cytoplasmic components that, in physiologic concentrations, stimulate lysosomal cystine transport.
|
['Animals', 'Cadaverine', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cystine', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lysosomes', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Polyamines', 'Putrescine', 'Rats', 'Spermidine', 'Spermine']
| 3,680,256
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.092.211.415.261', 'D02.092.782.258.174'], ['A11.251'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390.369', 'D01.875.350.850.150.369', 'D02.886.030.230.369', 'D02.886.520.150.087', 'D12.125.095.369', 'D12.125.119.369', 'D12.125.166.230.369'], ['G02.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D02.092.211.415.701', 'D02.092.782.258.784'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801', 'D02.092.782.677'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801.821', 'D02.092.782.802']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Neutrophils become refractory to phorbol myristate acetate when treated with Ca2+-ionophore and Ca2+.
|
Human neutrophils deprived of divalent cations by treatment with ionophore A23187 in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) showed superoxide release when they were preincubated with calcium and then treated with the ionophore. The release was not observed when the ionophore was added first and then calcium was added more than 5 min later. The absence of the release in this case can be ascribed to a refractoriness of the cells to stimuli, because the cells did not release superoxide on stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The cells pretreated with either calcium or the ionophore alone did release superoxide on addition of PMA. The refractoriness of the cells to PMA depended on the concentrations of calcium and the ionophore and on the time interval between the two treatments. Calcium could be replaced with Cd2+ but not with Mg2+, Ba2+, or Sr2+. The release of granular enzymes was observed when the depleted cells were pretreated with the ionophore and then with calcium. These observations indicate that calcium has dual effects on the superoxide release of neutrophils, i.e., it stimulates the cells and makes them refractory to stimuli, depending on the time interval after the addition of the ionophore, and it also regulates the enzyme release by a different mechanism.
|
['Aminoquinolines', 'Calcimycin', 'Calcium', 'Drug Resistance', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Humans', 'Neutrophils', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Superoxides', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Time Factors']
| 3,036,787
|
[['D03.633.100.810.050'], ['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The determinants of therapeutic levels of continuous positive airway pressure in elderly sleep apnea patients.
|
We have examined the role of age on the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) levels required to treat two groups of elderly (n=70) and young (n=70) sleep apneic patients, matched for disease severity (apnea/hypopnea index), body mass index and neck circumference. Elderly patients required lower CPAP levels compared to young [mean (sd): 6.9(1.9)cm H(2)O and 9.4(3.5)cm H(2)O, respectively; P<0.0001]. To investigate this finding, we studied the effects of CPAP and its components (inspiratory and expiratory positive airway pressure) on lung volume and upper airway resistance in two groups of elderly [n=9, age 71.7(3.3) years] and young [n=9, age 36.7(4.4)] patients with sleep apnea during wakefulness. CPAP produced a greater decrease in airway resistance (P=0.009) and a greater increase in lung volume (P=0.008) in the elderly compared to young patients. We conclude that both the greater lung inflation and the greater direct splinting of the upper airway contributed to the lower CPAP level required by the elderly. Ageing may be an important determinant of therapeutic CPAP levels in clinical practice, especially in older sleep apneic patients.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Airway Resistance', 'Anthropometry', 'Continuous Positive Airway Pressure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Male', 'Neck', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sleep Apnea Syndromes']
| 16,318,915
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.386.700.050', 'G09.772.060'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['E02.041.625.790.259', 'E02.880.820.790.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['A01.598'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C08.618.085.852', 'C10.886.425.800.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
<i>Capricornella</i> <i>bicornuta</i>, a new genus and species of mite from eastern Australia (Acari: Uropodina).
|
We describe a new genus and species of mite from eastern Australia, Capricornella bicornuta. The new genus is characterised by the presence of two long appendages on the anterior margin of the epigynal shield of the female.
|
['Acari', 'Animals', 'Australia', 'Female', 'Mites']
| 28,610,108
|
[['B01.050.500.131.166.132'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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Perception of scent over-marks by golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus): novel mechanisms for determining which individual's mark is on top.
|
Hamsters preferentially remember or value the top scent of a scent over-mark. What cues do they use to do this? Using habituation-discrimination techniques, we exposed male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) on 3 to 4 trials to genital over-marks from 2 females and then tested subjects for their familiarity with these 2 scents compared with that of a novel female's secretion. Preferential memory for 1 of the 2 individuals' scents did not occur if the 2 marks did not overlap or did not overlap but differed in age, but it did occur if a region of overlap existed or 1 mark apparently occluded another (but did not overlap it). Thus, hamsters use regions of overlap and the spatial configuration of scents to evaluate over-marks. These phenomena constitute evidence for previously unsuspected perceptual abilities, including olfactory scene analysis, which is analogous to visual and auditory scene analysis.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animal Communication', 'Animals', 'Attention', 'Competitive Behavior', 'Cricetinae', 'Depth Perception', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Female', 'Habituation, Psychophysiologic', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mesocricetus', 'Orientation', 'Sex Attractants', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal', 'Smell', 'Time Factors', 'Vagina']
| 9,770,313
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F01.145.113.055'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F01.145.813.105'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['F02.463.593.200', 'F02.463.593.778.255'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['F02.463.425.393', 'F02.830.422', 'G11.561.312'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['D23.641.800'], ['F01.145.113.252.748'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Use of the KTP laser in totally endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery.
|
OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews our experience of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser in transcanal totally endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery.METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre, involving a consecutive series of children with cholesteatoma who underwent totally endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery with a KTP laser.RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 10.5 years (range, 1.8-18 years). A KTP laser was used in 70 of the 83 cases (84 per cent). The laser was not used in 13 'clean' cases, in which disease was removed more easily. Residual disease was detected in five cases (6 per cent), of which the KTP laser had been used in four (5 per cent). No complications were associated with KTP laser use.CONCLUSION: The combination of KTP laser use with endoscopic visualisation is effective for minimising the risk of residual disease using a minimally invasive surgical approach. The thin, semi-flexible fibre carrier of the KTP laser is ideally suited to work alongside the endoscope within the narrow confines of the ear canal.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear', 'Ear Canal', 'Endoscopy', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lasers, Solid-State', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 32,122,410
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C09.218.200', 'C17.800.428.260.300'], ['A09.246.272.396'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E07.632.490.490', 'E07.710.520.490'], ['E04.502'], ['C04.697.700', 'C23.550.727.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reduced awareness of hypoglycemia in adults with IDDM. A prospective study of hypoglycemic frequency and associated symptoms.
|
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic episodes in IDDM subjects who declare themselves to have reduced awareness of hypoglycemia, to validate their self-designations in their natural environment, and to determine objectively the presence or absence of autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms associated with their low blood glucose (BG) levels.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 78 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) subjects (mean age 38.3 +/- 9.2 years; duration of diabetes 19.3 +/- 10.4 years) completed two sets of assessments separated by 6 months. The assessments included reports of frequency and severity of low BG, symptoms associated with low BG, and a BG symptom/estimation trial using a hand-held computer (HHC). Diaries of hypoglycemic episodes were kept for the intervening 6 months. HbA1 levels were determined at each assessment.RESULTS: Of the subjects, 39 declared themselves as having reduced awareness of hypoglycemia (reduced-awareness subjects). There were no differences between these reduced-awareness subjects and aware subjects with regard to age, sex, disease duration, insulin dose, or HbA1. During the HHC trials, reduced-awareness subjects were significantly less accurate in detecting BG < 3.9 mmol/l (33.2 +/- 47 vs. 47.6 +/- 50% detection, P = 0.001) and had significantly fewer autonomic (0.41 +/- 0.82 vs. 1.08 +/- 1.22, P = 0.006, reduced-awareness vs. aware) and neuroglycopenic (0.44 +/- 0.85 vs. 1.18 +/- 1.32, P = 0.004, reduced-awareness vs. aware) symptoms per subject. Prospective diary records revealed that reduced-awareness subjects experienced more moderate (351 vs. 238, P = 0.026) and severe (50 vs. 17, P = 0.0062) hypoglycemic events. The second assessment results were similar to the first and verified the reliability of the data.CONCLUSIONS: IDDM subjects who believe they have reduced awareness of hypoglycemia are generally correct. They have a history of more moderate and severe hypoglycemia, are less accurate at detecting BG < 3.9 mmol/l, and prospectively experience more moderate and severe hypoglycemia than do aware subjects. Neither disease duration nor level of glucose control explains their reduced awareness of hypoglycemia. Reduced-awareness individuals may benefit from interventions designed to teach them to recognize all of their potential early warning symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Awareness', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Self-Examination', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 7,497,862
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.188.150'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.600.750', 'F01.145.488.700'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
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|
Visibility of speech articulation enhances auditory phonetic convergence.
|
Talkers automatically imitate aspects of perceived speech, a phenomenon known as phonetic convergence. Talkers have previously been found to converge to auditory and visual speech information. Furthermore, talkers converge more to the speech of a conversational partner who is seen and heard, relative to one who is just heard (Dias & Rosenblum Perception, 40, 1457-1466, 2011). A question raised by this finding is what visual information facilitates the enhancement effect. In the following experiments, we investigated the possible contributions of visible speech articulation to visual enhancement of phonetic convergence within the noninteractive context of a shadowing task. In Experiment 1, we examined the influence of the visibility of a talker on phonetic convergence when shadowing auditory speech either in the clear or in low-level auditory noise. The results suggest that visual speech can compensate for convergence that is reduced by auditory noise masking. Experiment 2 further established the visibility of articulatory mouth movements as being important to the visual enhancement of phonetic convergence. Furthermore, the word frequency and phonological neighborhood density characteristics of the words shadowed were found to significantly predict phonetic convergence in both experiments. Consistent with previous findings (e.g., Goldinger Psychological Review, 105, 251-279, 1998), phonetic convergence was greater when shadowing low-frequency words. Convergence was also found to be greater for low-density words, contrasting with previous predictions of the effect of phonological neighborhood density on auditory phonetic convergence (e.g., Pardo, Jordan, Mallari, Scanlon, & Lewandowski Journal of Memory and Language, 69, 183-195, 2013). Implications of the results for a gestural account of phonetic convergence are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Noise', 'Phonetics', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Speech', 'Speech Perception']
| 26,358,471
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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| 0
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| 0
|
Pharmacologic hemostasis in laparoscopy: topical epinephrine facilitates cholecystectomy.
|
Bleeding may become a major impediment to accurate and safe dissection by laparoscopy. The traditional maneuvers of pressure, dumping, irrigation, and aspiration frequently applied during open procedures to maintain a clear field of dissection are cumbersome through laparoscopy. Several pharmacologic agents have been used topically or by local injection to stop bleeding or to prevent excessive blood loss during surgical procedures. They include calcium alginate, aluminum salts, silver nitrate, formalin, and coagulating agents like thrombin and collagens, all of which leave a layer of damaged tissue or foreign material on the surface. Epinephrine and vasopressin have been employed mostly by local injections. We report the use of topical epinephrine applied before and during the dissection of the cystic duct and artery area in the course of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 3/8-inch gauze sponge, impregnated with a 1:10,000 epinephrine solution, was used to blanch the tissues and to bluntly dissect the cystic duct and artery. It was also used to control minor bleeding in the gallbladder fossa. The prophylactic bleeding control with topical epinephrine proved to be an easy and safe maneuver, and greatly facilitated the dissection of the most critical areas during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This technique may be applicable to laparoscopic dissection for other procedures.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Epinephrine', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Humans']
| 8,489,094
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
2-Methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination: a potential treatment for breast and prostate cancer.
|
Drug combination therapy is a key strategy to improve treatment efficacy and survival of cancer patients. In this study the effects of combining 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX140), a microtubule disruptor, with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) were assessed in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) xenograft models in vivo. In mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts, daily p.o. administration of STX140 (5 mg kg(-1)) resulted in a 46% (P<0.05) reduction of tumour volume. However, the combination of STX140 (5 mg kg(-1) p.o.) and 2DG (2 g kg(-1) i.p.) reduced tumour volume by 76% (P<0.001). 2-Methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate also reduced tumour vessel density. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose alone had no significant effect on tumour volume or vessel density. A similar benefit of the combination treatment was observed in the LNCaP prostate xenograft model. In vitro the degree of inhibition of cell proliferation by STX140 was unaffected by oxygen concentrations. In contrast, the inhibition of proliferation by 2DG was enhanced under hypoxia by 20 and 25% in MCF-7 and LNCaP cells, respectively. The combination of STX140 and 2DG in LNCaP cells under normoxia or hypoxia inhibited proliferation to a greater extent than either compound alone. These results suggest that the antiangiogenic and microtubule disruption activities of STX140 may make tumours more susceptible to inhibition of glycolysis by 2DG. This is the first study to show the benefit of combining a microtubule disruptor with 2DG in the two most common solid tumours.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Apoptosis', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Estrenes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 18,985,042
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.144'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D09.254.229'], ['D04.210.500.365.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Luteal phase contraception with mifepristone (RU 486) in the rhesus monkey.
|
Mifepristone (RU 486), an antiprogesterone, is a promising luteal phase contraceptive agent for human use. However, at present its use is limited by the practical constraint of determining the day of ovulation for an LH + 2 day administration of the drug as indicated from experimental and clinical studies. The aim of the present study was to identify the effective period of luteal phase (luteal phase window) when a single administration of mifepristone would induce antinidatory activity without disturbing menstrual cyclicity and ovulatory pattern in the rhesus monkey. RU 486 (2 mg/kg body weight in benzyl benzoate/olive oil, 1:3) was given to mated monkeys (n = 9) on cycle day 16 in the first treatment cycle (treatment group T1, n = 9), and in the following cycle on cycle day 20 (treatment group T2, n = 8). A single s.c. injection of this antiprogestin during early to midluteal phase (days 1-10 after ovulation, as determined from retrospective analysis of serum concentrations of estrogen and progesterone) provided a one hundred per cent protection against pregnancy, with no apparent side effects. There were no changes in cycle lengths (F = 3.5; P < 0.3), day of ovulation (F = 1.8; P < 0.7) and duration of menses (F = 3.5; P < 0.3) compared with the pre-treatment and post-treatment cycles. Pooled analyses of serum concentrations of estrogen and progesterone during luteal phases of T1 and T2 cycles also showed no variations with those in pre- and post-treatment cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Hormones', 'Luteal Phase', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Menstruation', 'Mifepristone', 'Ovulation', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone']
| 8,132,238
|
[['B01.050'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['G08.686.605.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['G08.686.605.428'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.580'], ['G08.686.784.690'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
shRNA-mediated EMMPRIN silencing inhibits human leukemic monocyte lymphoma U937 cell proliferation and increases chemosensitivity to adriamycin.
|
EMMPRIN is a widely distributed cell surface glycoprotein, which plays an important role in tumor progression and confers resistance to some chemotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies have shown that EMMPRIN overexpression indicates poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little was known on the role of EMMPRIN in leukemia. Human leukemia cell line U937 was stably transfected with a EMMPRIN-targeted shRNA-containing vector to investigate the effect of EMMPRIN on cellular functions. EMMPRIN expression was monitored by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell viability and proliferation were determined by trypan blue exclusion and BrdU labeling, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin on cells was assessed by MTT assay. Knockdown of EMMPRIN gene significantly inhibited cell viability and decreased cell proliferation. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis revealed that the reduced EMMPRIN expression resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, western blotting analysis showed that EMMPRIN knockdown was associated with downregulation of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related molecules including cyclin D1, cyclin E, as well as increase in cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. This study also showed that silencing of EMMPRIN sensitized U937 cells to Adriamycin. EMMPRIN is involved in proliferation, growth, and chemosensitivity of human AML line U937, indicating that EMMPRIN may be a promising therapeutic target for AML.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Basigin', 'Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Doxorubicin', 'G1 Phase', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Gene Silencing', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Lymphoma', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'U937 Cells']
| 25,260,396
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.776.395.550.045', 'D12.776.543.550.187', 'D23.050.285.040'], ['G04.144.109'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G04.144.500.320'], ['G05.308.370'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['A11.251.210.190.880', 'A11.251.860.180.880', 'A11.627.482.665.500', 'A11.627.624.249.500', 'A11.627.635.675.750.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Collaborative investigations on thoron and radon in some rural communities of Balkans.
|
This paper deals with the results of the first-field use in the Balkans, i.e. Serbia and Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Hercegovina), of a passive polycarbonate Mark II type and poliallyldiglycol carbonate (Cr-39) alpha track detectors sensitive to thoron as well as to radon. Both types of solid state nuclear track detectors were designed and supplied by National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Chiba, Japan. The commercial names for these detectors which all have been field tested in Balkan rural communities are known as: UFO and RADUET passive discriminative radon/thoron detectors. No database of thoron and thoron progeny concentrations in dwellings in Serbia or Balkans region exist, and as a result, the level of exposure of the Serbian population to thoron and its progeny is unknown so far.
|
['Air Pollutants, Radioactive', 'Air Pollution', 'Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Equipment Design', 'Gases', 'Humans', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Radiometry', 'Radon', 'Radon Daughters', 'Risk', 'Rural Population', 'Serbia']
| 20,966,203
|
[['D20.693.101', 'D27.888.284.101.393'], ['N06.850.460.100'], ['Z01.542.248.160'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['E05.320'], ['D01.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['E05.799'], ['D01.268.271.800', 'D01.268.613.700', 'D01.362.641.745', 'D01.496.749.305.800'], ['D01.268.271.800.800', 'D01.268.613.700.500', 'D01.362.641.745.800', 'D01.496.749.305.800.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['N01.600.725'], ['Z01.542.248.786']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Functional shape of the skull in vertebrates: which forces determine skull morphology in lower primates and ancestral synapsids?
|
In order to determine the extent to which the shape of the synapsid skull is adapted for resisting the mechanical loads to which it is subjected, block- or simple plate-shaped finite-element models were constructed and loaded with external muscle and bite forces in locations estimated to resemble points of application of these forces. These 2D or 3D finite-element models were iteratively loaded and modified by removing elements that experience only low stresses, and the resulting morphologies of the models were compared with fossil skulls of synapsids and the skulls of extant mammals. The results suggest that the stress flows in these unspecific models are very similar to the arrangement of bone material in real skulls. Morphological differences between taxa depend on a few a priori conditions: length and position of the tooth rows in relation to the braincase, arrangement of muscles, position of the orbits, and position of the nasal opening. Given these initial conditions, finite-element analysis consistently reveals the close similarity between stress flows and real skulls. The major difference between mammal-like reptiles and primates is the size of the braincase. This difference accounts for most of the morphological divergence. The postorbital bar seems to be a constructional element of the skull, rather than a means to protect the eyes. The skull shapes of higher primates are determined mainly by masticatory forces and less by external forces acting on the head. This study demonstrates the utility of finite-element modeling for testing hypotheses regarding relationships between form and function in vertebrate skulls.
|
['Animals', 'Body Patterning', 'Dogs', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Fossils', 'Opossums', 'Primates', 'Skull', 'Species Specificity', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Weight-Bearing']
| 15,754,317
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.345.500.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.355'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.573.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['G16.824'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.374.965']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The efficacy of modified luteal phase support with intramuscular progesterone in IVF/ICSI cycles: a retrospective observational study.
|
OBJECTIVE: The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for ovulation triggering has become an intriguing topic in the last few years. As long as adequate luteal phase support is provided, it may be a valuable alternative to standard hCG triggering, associated with a significant reduction in OHSS incidence. Several luteal phase support options have been proposed, but few studies have addressed the issue of the appropriate route for progesterone administration to women triggered with GnRHa. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of GnRHa triggering on IVF/ICSI outcomes, using modified luteal phase support with intramuscular progesterone.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out between January 2014 and December 2015, comparing the reproductive outcome in GnRHa triggered women given modified luteal phase support with intramuscular progesterone (Group A) with the outcome in women triggered with standard hCG (Group B) in IVF/ICSI cycles.RESULTS: 200 (Group A n = 100; Group B n = 100) consecutive normoresponder women were included. No differences with respect to Age, BMI, basal FSH, basal Estradiol and infertility diagnosis were observed between groups. Increased numbers of retrieved oocytes (8.1 ± 3.3 versus 6.8 ± 3.5, p = 0.009) and mature oocytes (5.8 ± 2.6 versus 5.1 ± 2.7, p = 0.03) were detected in Group A compared with Group B. Implantation, biochemical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates were similar.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirmed that the GnRHa triggering strategy is associated with increased number of oocytes retrieved and of mature oocytes even in normoresponder women. Moreover, in these patients, the use of intramuscular progesterone during luteal phase support achieved satisfactory IVF outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Luteal Phase', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Progesterone', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic', 'Young Adult']
| 28,272,720
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['G08.686.605.410'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.775', 'G08.686.705', 'N01.224.935.849', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.875.800.750.700', 'E05.820.800.750.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Surveillance and forecast for schistosome infectivity of Yangtze River and Hanbeihe River during flooding in Hubei Province].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the schistosome infectivity of the water body of the Yangtze River and Hanbeihe River during flooding in Hubei Province.METHODS: The Oncomelania snail status was investigated in 17 sites of the Yangtze River and Hanbei River, and the infectivity of schistosome in sentinel mice was also determined.RESULTS: In the Yangtze River and Hanbei River, the average densities of living snails were 0.35 snails/0.1 m2 and 0.67 snails/0.1 m2 respectively, and the average infection rates of snails were 0.33% and 0.05%, respectively. The sentinel mouse surveillances were carried out twice in 10 sites of the Yangtze River. During the first surveillance the infection rate was 5.5% with 4 positive environment sites, and that was 5.5% with 7 positive environment sites in the second surveillance. The sentinel mouse surveillance was carried out once in 7 sites of the Hanbeihe River, and the infection rate was 11.9% with 4 positive environment sites.CONCLUSIONS: By monitoring schistosome infection of the water body, we can understand the threat of environment and provide warning information to prevent from the outbreak and spread of acute schistosomiasis. We can also indirectly get many messages about the quality of snail investigation and the effect of mollusciciding.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Floods', 'Forecasting', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Population Dynamics', 'Rivers', 'Schistosomiasis', 'Sentinel Surveillance', 'Snails']
| 22,799,167
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G16.500.175.812', 'N06.230.100.230.250'], ['I01.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['C01.610.335.865.859', 'C01.920.922'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700.650', 'E05.318.650', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625.650', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700.650', 'N06.850.520.699', 'N06.850.780.675.650'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Correlation between sex hormones and magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine if sex hormones play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) by correlating serum estradiol and progesterone levels with gadolinium (Gd) enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in MS.METHODS: Thirty patients with MS were studied with Gd enhanced brain MRI and simultaneous serum estradiol and progesterone levels either during the early follicular, late follicular or luteal phases of their menstrual cycle. Correlation between hormone levels and number of Gd enhancing lesions was determined.RESULTS: Patients with high estradiol and low progesterone levels had a significantly greater number of Gd enhancing lesions than those with low levels of both these hormones. Patients with a high estrogen to progesterone ratio had a significantly greater number of active MRI lesions than those with a low ratio.CONCLUSION: Estradiol and progesterone may influence disease activity in MS. If further studies confirm these results, it may be possible to develop therapy by altering levels of these hormones.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Contrast Media', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Menstrual Cycle', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Progesterone', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 10,071,166
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E01.370.400'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G08.686.605'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transcription by SP6 RNA polymerase exhibits an ATP dependence that is influenced by promoter topology.
|
Transcription of linearized DNA templates by SP6 RNA polymerase requires a higher concentration of ATP than of the other three nucleotides. This requirement is not shared by T7 RNA polymerase. The ATP requirement is partially relieved when the SP6 template is supercoiled but not when it is relaxed circular DNA. The effect of supercoiling is eliminated by replacement of the A.T rich sequence downstream from the SP6 promoter with a G.C rich sequence. Examination of the reaction products indicates that the ATP dependence of transcription from a linear template is not due to an ATPase activity or to the premature termination of transcription at low ATP concentration. These data suggest that the initiation of transcription by SP6 RNA polymerase requires partial denaturation of the template in the promoter-proximal region, and that this requirement can be satisfied by negative supercoiling or by increasing the ATP concentration. ATP also reduces, but does not eliminate, the abortive transcription that leads to the production of short, prematurely terminated transcripts by SP6 polymerase from supercoiled templates.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Bacteriophage T7', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Salmonella Phages', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 8,493,106
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B04.123.150.700.230', 'B04.123.205.891.230', 'B04.280.090.700.230'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['B04.123.706'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Tetrahydrobiopterin therapy for hyperphenylalaninemia due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. When and how?].
|
INTRODUCTION: Some patients with hyperphenylalaninemia due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency respond with a variable decrease in plasma phenylalanine levels after oral tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) administration and are then able to tolerate higher dietary phenylalanine intake or even to discontinue a phenylalanine-restricted diet. BH4-sensitive patients are usually identified by means of a BH4 loading test, but consensus on the methodology of this test and the interpretation of its results is lacking. Consequently, a simple tool to identify which patients are likely candidates for this treatment and how they will progress in the long-term is required.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A combined oral BH4 loading test with phenylalanine (100 mg/kg) and BH4 (20 mg/kg) was performed in 20 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia under dietary phenylalanine restriction.RESULTS: Independently of the genotype, the result was positive in all the 9 patients whose maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis was below 815 nmol/ml. Currently, they are under treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin doses of 7-15 mg/kg/day. All these patients have been able to increase their oral phenylalanine intake. Six are currently following a normal diet and the remaining three are close to reaching this goal. None of the patients with a maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis higher than 938 nmol/ml responded to the BH4 loading test.CONCLUSIONS: The maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis seems to be a simple and reliable method to predict response to BH4 treatment. A high percentage of BH4-sensitive patients are able to discontinue a phenylalanine-restricted diet after long-term tetrahydrobiopterin treatment.
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['Adolescent', 'Biopterin', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Phenylalanine Hydroxylase', 'Phenylketonurias']
| 16,527,067
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.202', 'D08.211.090'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.601'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.687', 'C16.320.565.100.766', 'C16.320.565.189.687', 'C18.452.132.100.687', 'C18.452.648.100.766', 'C18.452.648.189.687']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
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Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to excitotoxin-induced apoptosis in rat striatum.
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Excitotoxin-induced destruction of striatal neurons, proposed as a model of Huntington's disease, involves a process having the biochemical stigmata of apoptosis. Recent studies suggested that transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B may be involved in excitotoxicity. To further analyze the contribution of NF kappa B to excitotoxic neuronal death in vivo, changes in binding activities of NF kappa B and other transcription factors as well as the consequences of inhibiting NF kappa B nuclear translocation were measured after the infusion of quinolinic acid (120 nmol) into rat striatum. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and terminal transferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick end labeling-positive nuclei appeared 12 hr later and intensified over the next 12 hr. NF kappa B binding activity increased several-fold from 2 to 12 hr, then gradually declined during the next 12 hr. Other transcription factor changes included AP-1, whose binding peaked about 6 hr after quinolinic acid administration, and E2F-1, which was only modestly and transiently elevated. In contrast, quinolinic acid lead to a reduction in OCT-1, beginning after 12 hr, and briefly in SP-1 binding. The NF kappa B, AP-1, and OCT-1 changes were attenuated both by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Moreover, quinolinic acid-induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and striatal cell death were significantly reduced by the intrastriatal administration of NF kappa B SN50, a cell-permeable recombinant peptide that blocks NF kappa B nuclear translocation. These results illustrate the complex temporal pattern of transcription factor change attending the apoptotic destruction produced in rat striatum by quinolinic acid. They further suggest that NF kappa B activation contributes to the excitotoxin-induced death of striatal neurons.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Corpus Striatum', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neurons', 'Neurotoxins', 'Nucleosomes', 'Quinolinic Acid', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Transcription Factors']
| 9,443,930
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.888.569.504'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.625', 'D12.776.664.224.550', 'G05.360.160.180.625'], ['D03.383.725.822.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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Authentic and recombinant bilirubin oxidases are in different resting forms.
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Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae is in a resting form different from that of the authentic bilirubin oxidase, but reaches the resting form of the authentic enzyme after one cycle of reduction and reoxidation with dioxygen as shown by the absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra.
|
['Ascomycota', 'Aspergillus oryzae', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors', 'Oxygen', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 12,834,300
|
[['B01.300.107'], ['B01.300.381.081.500'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682.660'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Distribution of ischemic cerebrovascular events in cardiac embolism.
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Distribution and number of ischemic cerebrovascular events were studied in 57 patients who suffered from heart disorders with proven or highly probable source of cardiac embolism and compared to 39 patients with ulcerations of the craniocervical vessels. Patients with coexisting lesions were excluded from the present study. Out of the 57 patients with cardiac disorders, a single episode of cerebral embolism occurred in 33 patients. Of the 24 patients with recurrent ischemic episodes, different vascular territories were involved in only six cases. There was no evidence of a distinct distribution of vascular territories involved in cerebral embolism. The left middle cerebral artery was affected in 42.9%, the right middle cerebral artery in 23.8%, the vertebrobasilar territory in 19%, and the ophthalmic arteries in 14.2%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in lesion localization between the group with a cardiac source of embolism and the group with ulcerations of the craniocervical vessels. There was a high frequency of patients with recurrent cardiogenic emboli in the ophthalmic (6 of 9 patients) as well as in the vertebrobasilar (6 of 12 patients) circulation who experienced a delayed initiation of cardiac assessment. The possibility of cardiac embolism should be considered in any patient with cerebral ischemia, independently of the vascular territory affected.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Mapping', 'Carotid Artery Thrombosis', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ophthalmic Artery', 'Thrombosis', 'Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency']
| 1,762,379
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.355', 'C14.907.253.123.355', 'C14.907.253.566.206', 'C14.907.355.590.213.206'], ['E01.370.350'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.525', 'C14.907.253.566', 'C14.907.355.590.213'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.114.622'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.956', 'C14.907.253.092.956']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
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| 0
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WRN protects against topo I but not topo II inhibitors by preventing DNA break formation.
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The Werner syndrome helicase/3'-exonuclease (WRN) is a major component of the DNA repair and replication machinery. To analyze whether WRN is involved in the repair of topoisomerase-induced DNA damage we utilized U2-OS cells, in which WRN is stably down-regulated (wrn-kd), and the corresponding wild-type cells (wrn-wt). We show that cells not expressing WRN are hypersensitive to the toxic effect of the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan, but not to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. This was shown by mass survival assays, colony formation and induction of apoptosis. Upon topotecan treatment WRN deficient cells showed enhanced DNA replication inhibition and S-phase arrest, whereas after treatment with etoposide they showed the same cell cycle response as the wild-type. A considerable difference between WRN and wild-type cells was observed for DNA single- and double-strand break formation in response to topotecan. Topotecan induced DNA single-strand breaks 6h after treatment. In both wrn-wt and wrn-kd cells these breaks were repaired at similar kinetics. However, in wrn-kd but not wrn-wt cells they were converted into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at high frequency, as shown by neutral comet assay and phosphorylation of H2AX. Our data provide evidence that WRN is involved in the repair of topoisomerase I, but not topoisomerase II-induced DNA damage, most likely via preventing the conversion of DNA single-strand breaks into DSBs during the resolution of stalled replication forks at topo I-DNA complexes. We suggest that the WRN status of tumor cells impacts anticancer therapy with topoisomerase I, but not topoisomerase II inhibitors.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Survival', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'DNA Breaks', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type I', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type II', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Etoposide', 'Exodeoxyribonucleases', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'Osteosarcoma', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'RecQ Helicases', 'Topoisomerase I Inhibitors', 'Topoisomerase II Inhibitors', 'Topotecan', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Werner Syndrome Helicase']
| 18,805,512
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.346'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['G05.200.210'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D08.811.399.403.483', 'D12.776.157.687.375', 'D12.776.660.720.375'], ['D08.811.399.403.741'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.375', 'D08.811.277.352.365.290'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159.249', 'D08.811.399.340.249'], ['D27.505.519.389.892.500', 'D27.505.954.248.794.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.892.750', 'D27.505.954.248.794.750'], ['D03.132.151.850'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159.249.500', 'D08.811.277.352.335.375.875', 'D08.811.277.352.365.290.500', 'D08.811.399.340.249.500', 'D12.776.157.687.750', 'D12.776.660.720.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 0
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| 0
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Discrepancies between two alternative staging systems (European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society 2006 and American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control 2010) of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas. A study of 50 cases.
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The aim of our study was to identify and describe potential inconsistencies between two alternative staging systems of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs)--the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) system (2006) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC-UICC) system (2010). To address this issue, we performed a retrospective clinico-pathological study of 50 cases of pNENs. We found 9 (18%) cases of ENETS/AJCC-UICC discrepancies regarding the primary tumor stage. They included 7 cases of T2/T3 disagreement and 2 cases of T3/T4 disagreement. In addition, we discussed the issue of potential T1/T2 discrepancy (however, we did not observe any such a case). Another inconsistency was related to the application of different stage prognostic groupings between both systems. In conclusion, the discrepancies between ENETS and AJCC-UICC staging systems for pNENs are relatively frequent and heterogeneous. We believe that they should be rigorously recognized. This is necessary for the evaluation of prognostic factors and the effectiveness of therapeutic options used in patients with pNENs.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Organizations', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 21,354,717
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.240', 'C04.557.470.200.025.370', 'C04.557.580.625.650.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['N03.540'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis: report of two cases and review of the literature.
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Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disorder affecting mainly children and adolescents, and is usually fatal. However, there is increasing evidence that the aetiology of this condition is immunological, and that immunosuppressives may prolong remission. Two cases are reported, one of which has the atypical feature of a malabsorption syndrome. This has not been previously reported. The literature is reviewed and current ideas on the postulated immunological basis to IPH are discussed.
|
['Anemia, Hypochromic', 'Child', 'Female', 'Hemosiderosis', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Malabsorption Syndromes', 'Male']
| 471,863
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[]
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[]
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The majority of stem cell factor exists as monomer under physiological conditions. Implications for dimerization mediating biological activity.
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Soluble Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) forms a non-covalently associated dimer. We have determined a dimer association constant (Ka) of 2-4 x 10(8) M-1, using sedimentation equilibrium and size exclusion chromatography. SCF has been shown previously to be present at concentrations of approximately 3.3 ng/ml in human serum. Based on the dimerization Ka, greater than 90% of the circulating SCF would be in the monomeric form. When 125I-rhSCF was added to human serum and the serum analyzed by size exclusion chromatography, 72-49% of rhSCF was monomer when the total SCF concentration was in the range of 10-100 ng/ml, consistent with the Ka determination. Three SCF variants, SCF(F63C), SCF (V49L,F63L), and SCF(A165C), were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. The dimer Ka values, biophysical properties, and biological activities of these variants were studied. Dimerization-defective variants SCF(F63C)S-CH2CONH2 and SCF(V49L,F63L) showed substantially reduced mitogenic activity, while the activity of the Cys165-Cys165 disulfide-linked SCF(A165C) dimer was 10-fold higher than that of wild type rhSCF. The results suggest a correlation between dimerization affinity and biological activity, consistent with a model in which SCF dimerization mediates dimerization of its receptor, Kit, and subsequent signal transduction.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Solubility', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Stem Cell Factor', 'Ultracentrifugation']
| 9,045,664
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.050', 'D12.776.543.750.630.124', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.170', 'D12.776.624.664.700.183'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.805'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.800', 'D12.776.467.374.410.800', 'D23.529.374.410.800'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 0
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The effect of site of administration in the gastrointestinal tract on the absorption of insulin from nanocapsules in diabetic rats.
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Isobutylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules have been used as drug carriers for the enteral absorption of insulin. Their absorption has been studied by measuring fasted glycaemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after a single administration of encapsulated insulin (100 units kg-1) at various sites along the gastrointestinal tract. Glycaemia decreased from the second day, the intensity and duration depending on the site of administration (65% ileum, 59% stomach, 52% duodenum and jejunum, 34% colon). This hypoglycaemic effect lasted up to the 18th day after administration for ileum and jejunum, the 15th day for stomach and duodenum, and the 13th day for colon. In-vitro, nanocapsules protect insulin against proteolysis from pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin. These results suggest (i) that insulin is protected by nanocapsules in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) that it is absorbed in an active form, and (iii) that ileum is the most potent site of absorption.
|
['Animals', 'Capsules', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Drug Carriers', 'Emulsions', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Insulin', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 1,676,051
|
[['B01.050'], ['D26.255.150'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Effectiveness of physical exam signs for early detection of critical illness in pediatric systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
|
BACKGROUND: Early detection of compensated pediatric septic shock requires diagnostic tests that are sensitive and specific. Four physical exam signs are recommended for detecting pediatric septic shock prior to hypotension (cold extremities, mental status, capillary refill, peripheral pulse quality); this study tested their ability to detect patients who develop organ dysfunction among a cohort of undifferentiated pediatric systemic inflammatory response syndrome patients.METHODS: A prospective cohort of 239 pediatric emergency department patients <19 years with fever and tachycardia and undergoing phlebotomy were enrolled. Physicians recorded initial physical exams on a standardized form. Abstraction of the medical record determined outcomes including organ dysfunction, intensive care unit stay, serious bacterial infection, and therapies.RESULTS: Organ dysfunction occurred in 13/239 (5.4%) patients. Presence of at least one sign was significantly associated with organ dysfunction (Relative Risk: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.05-6.99), and presence of at least two signs had a Relative Risk = 4.98 (95% CI: 1.82-13.58). The sensitivity of exam findings ranged from 8-54%, specificity from 84-98%. Signs were associated with increased risk of intensive care and fluid bolus, but not with serious bacterial infection, intravenous antibiotics or admission. Altered mental status and peripheral pulse quality were significantly associated with organ dysfunction, while abnormal capillary refill time and presence of cold, mottled extremities were not.CONCLUSIONS: Certain recommended physical exam signs were associated with increased risk of organ dysfunction, a rare outcome in this undifferentiated pediatric population with fever and tachycardia. Sensitivity was low, while specificity was high. Additional research into optimally sensitive and specific diagnostic strategies is needed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Critical Illness', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Physical Examination', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Shock, Septic', 'Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome']
| 25,407,007
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['E01.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C23.550.835.525'], ['E01.370.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['C23.550.470.790', 'C23.550.835.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Risk factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization on hospital admission among oncology patients.
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A nested case-control study at a tertiary care facility was conducted to assess potential risk factors for colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on admission among oncology patients. Risk factors for any S aureus and MRSA colonization on admission in oncology patients are consistent with previous studies in general populations. In addition, recent chemotherapy as a risk factor is a unique finding in this population.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carrier State', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross Infection', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Immunocompromised Host', 'Infection Control', 'Male', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Middle Aged', 'Nose', 'Odds Ratio', 'Oncology Service, Hospital', 'Patient Admission', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Staphylococcal Infections']
| 19,362,391
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['N06.850.520.169'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.470'], ['N06.850.780.200.450'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.513', 'N04.452.442.452.422.513'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.150.252.410.868']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The social recognition of human dignity.
|
This paper argues that the notion of human dignity has to do with a social status, whose recognition and respect are owed by society. Therefore, those who violate human dignity violate a social reality. This means that human dignity does not need any philosophical or theological foundation. Instead, it can be understandably demonstrated by exploring the structure of the social world.
|
['Humans', 'Personhood', 'Social Desirability', 'Social Identification']
| 21,452,607
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.752.566.479.660', 'N05.350.917'], ['F01.145.813.628'], ['F01.145.813.708']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Slow dynamics and high variability in balanced cortical networks with clustered connections.
|
Anatomical studies demonstrate that excitatory connections in cortex are not uniformly distributed across a network but instead exhibit clustering into groups of highly connected neurons. The implications of clustering for cortical activity are unclear. We studied the effect of clustered excitatory connections on the dynamics of neuronal networks that exhibited high spike time variability owing to a balance between excitation and inhibition. Even modest clustering substantially changed the behavior of these networks, introducing slow dynamics during which clusters of neurons transiently increased or decreased their firing rate. Consequently, neurons exhibited both fast spiking variability and slow firing rate fluctuations. A simplified model shows how stimuli bias networks toward particular activity states, thereby reducing firing rate variability as observed experimentally in many cortical areas. Our model thus relates cortical architecture to the reported variability in spontaneous and evoked spiking activity.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Models, Neurological', 'Nerve Net', 'Neurons', 'Nonlinear Dynamics']
| 23,001,062
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.511'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters in open angle eyes.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment parameters in open angle eyes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 325 eyes of 166 subjects. Subjects were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 116 eyes of 58 patients receiving SSRIs for 1 week-6 months, Group 2 included 102 eyes of 53 patients receiving SSRIs for longer than 6 months and Group 3 included 107 eyes of 55 healthy subjects not receiving any drugs. All of the patients receiving SSRIs were diagnosed as major depressive disorder. All groups were chosen to be similar in terms of age and gender. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination including IOP measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometer and gonioscopy. Anterior segment parameters including pupil diameter (PD), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were assessed by a Scheimpflug system.RESULTS: Pupil diameter was significantly larger in patients receiving SSRIs for <6 months and ?6 months than the control subjects (3.53 ± 0.71 mm, 3.48 ± 0.60 mm versus 3.11 ± 0.72 mm, p < 0.05) but this effect was independent from the duration of SSRI treatment. IOP was significantly lower in patients receiving SSRIs for <6 months and ?6 months than the control group (16.04 ± 2.17 mm Hg, 16.11 ± 2.13 mm Hg versus 17.34 ± 2.15 mmHg, p < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the patients receiving SSRIs for <6 months and ?6 months. There were no statistically significant differences between the patient and the control group in values of CCT, ACD, ACV and ACA. The ACAs were measured between 25° and 55° with Scheimpflug system and also classified as grade 3-4 (Shaffer system) by gonioscopy.CONCLUSIONS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cause mydriasis which is persistent during the treatment. In depression patients with open angle eyes, short- and long-term use of SSRIs leads to decrease in IOP.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anterior Eye Segment', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mydriasis', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Young Adult']
| 28,504,010
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A09.371.060'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.710.570'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gap junctions and fluid flow response in MC3T3-E1 cells.
|
In the current study, we examined the role of gap junctions in oscillatory fluid flow-induced changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and prostaglandin release in osteoblastic cells. This work was completed in MC3T3-E1 cells with intact gap junctional communication as well as in MC3T3-E1 cells rendered communication deficient through expression of a dominant-negative connexin. Our results demonstrate that MC3T3-E1 cells with intact gap junctions respond to oscillatory fluid flow with significant increases in prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release, whereas cells with diminished gap junctional communication do not. Furthermore, we found that cytosolic Ca(2+) (Ca) response was unaltered by the disruption in gap junctional communication and was not significantly different among the cell lines. Thus our results suggest that gap junctions contribute to the PGE(2) but not to the Ca response to oscillatory fluid flow. These findings implicate gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in bone cell ensemble responsiveness to oscillatory fluid flow and suggest that gap junctions and GJIC play a pivotal role in mechanotransduction mechanisms in bone.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Line', 'Dinoprostone', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Gap Junctions', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Osteoblasts', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Thapsigargin', 'Time Factors']
| 11,698,250
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A11.329.629'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.284.500.888', 'D02.455.849.765.674.500.750.888', 'D04.663.500.750.888'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mandibular pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia.
|
AIMS: Three unusual cases of pseudocarcinomatous (pseudoepitheliomatous) hyperplasia (PH) affecting chronic osteomyelitic mandibular sequestra are reported to highlight the differences with the various squamous neoplasms which occur in that site.METHODS AND RESULTS: In two patients carrying a mandibular graft following the excision of an ameloblastoma, mucosal ulcers resulted in chronic osteomyelitis. In a third patient, an apical dental infection was associated with fistulated osteomyelitis. Histology of the three sequestra showed an intraosseous squamous proliferation. It was characterized by a peripheral involvement of medullary spaces, the more mature epithelial layer covering the bone trabeculae without intervening stroma, and the basal type epithelial layer surrounding a central fibrovascular core. There were no histological or cytological signs of malignancy.CONCLUSION: PH shows an inverted pattern when compared with the centro-medullary tumoural islands seen in the various oral or odontogenic squamous neoplasms which occur in the jaws. The lack of signs of malignancy distinguish PH from common squamous cell carcinomas. A short clinical course is an important feature in the distinction of PH from the well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas which may develop in fistulated chronic osteomyelitis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Mouth Neoplasms']
| 10,931,233
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E01.171'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Calorie restriction attenuates inflammatory responses to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
|
The life-prolonging effects of calorie restriction (CR) may be due to reduced damage from cumulative oxidative stress. Our goal was to determine the long-term effects of moderate dietary CR on the myocardial response to reperfusion after a single episode of sublethal ischemia. Male Fisher 344 rats were fed either an ad libitum (AL) or CR (40% less calories) diet. At age 12 mo the animals were anaesthetized and subjected to thoracotomy and a 15-min left-anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. The hearts were reperfused for various periods. GSH and GSSG levels, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA binding activity, cytokine, and antioxidant enzyme expression were assessed in the ischemic zones. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Compared with the AL diet, chronic CR limited oxidative stress as seen by rapid recovery in GSH levels in previously ischemic myocardium. CR reduced DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB. The kappaB-responsive cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were transiently expressed in the CR group but persisted longer in the AL group. Furthermore, expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, a key antioxidant enzyme, was significantly delayed in the AL group. Collectively these data indicate that CR significantly attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and the postischemic inflammatory response.
|
['Animals', 'Catalase', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Energy Intake', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Free Radicals', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Disulfide', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'NF-kappa B', 'Oxidative Stress', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 11,299,211
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['G03.295'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D12.644.456.448.500'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrastructural distribution of von Willebrand factor in human glomerular diseases.
|
The distribution of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) as the factor-VIII-related antigen in glomeruli was examined by immunoelectron microscopy in 10 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN), 8 patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), and 11 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA-N). Electron-dense reaction products of vWF were observed in the endothelium and mesangium in all specimens examined. However, they were not detected in subepithelial electron-dense deposits of MN. The amount of electron-dense reaction products of vWF in the endothelium was significantly higher in MN than that in MCNS or IgA-N. This finding suggests that the glomerular endothelium in MN is the site of the local activation of coagulation and platelet aggregation system in glomerular capillary wall lesions.
|
['Glomerulonephritis, IGA', 'Glomerulonephritis, Membranous', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunologic Techniques', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Nephrotic Syndrome', 'von Willebrand Factor']
| 2,689,898
|
[['C12.777.419.570.363.608', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.608', 'C20.111.525'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.625', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.625', 'C20.111.535'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['E05.478'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['C12.777.419.630.643', 'C13.351.968.419.630.643'], ['D12.776.124.125.920', 'D23.119.985']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Developing a framework for understanding and enabling open source drug discovery.
|
Open source drug discovery is increasingly being sought as a solution for managing product development complexities. Three drivers encouraging the use of the open source strategy include: upstream knowledge-based complexities associated with complementary assets, technological complexities given the scale of research and interdependencies between disciplines and downstream commercialization complexities. While literature currently discusses the need for open source strategies and their outcomes, we have reached a critical stage for a framework to cohesively understand how the drivers affect the open source models chosen as well as the governance strategies to ensure a successful outcome both in terms of knowledge access and product development. In this paper, an initial framework is designed with a focus on the type of participant as impacting the motivation to participate in an open source initiative, the objective of any open source strategy as impacting the structural model adopted and the structure of knowledge produced as impacting its management. It is anticipated that this framework should then provide an opportunity to develop governance rules for open source drug discovery initiatives.
|
['Commerce', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Drug Design', 'Drug Discovery', 'Drug Industry', 'Research Design']
| 22,827,795
|
[['J01.219'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['E05.295', 'H01.158.703.007.675', 'H01.181.466.675'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Frequencies and mechanisms of resistance to moxifloxacin in nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.
|
OBJECTIVES: To compare the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 226 nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from 44 hospitals in the UK.METHODS: MICs of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin were determined by Etest. PCR analysis was used to detect chromosomal mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. Isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and susceptible to moxifloxacin were examined for the ability to generate spontaneous moxifloxacin-resistant isolates.RESULTS: Of 226 isolates, 49.1% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 39.4% were moxifloxacin-resistant according to BSAC criteria. Approximately 20% of isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin remained susceptible to moxifloxacin. A GyrA mutation at Ser-83 was found in all ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Single mutations in both the gyrA and parC genes at codons Ser-83 and Ser-80, respectively, were found in ciprofloxacin- and moxifloxacin-resistant isolates. Isolates that were ciprofloxacin-resistant but moxifloxacin-susceptible generated spontaneous moxifloxacin-resistant mutants when grown on medium containing up to 8x their initial MIC. However, these mutants were not stable and none displayed high-level moxifloxacin resistance.CONCLUSIONS: Moxifloxacin retained in vitro activity against some ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical A. baumannii isolates. Mutations in both gyrA and parC were necessary for resistance to moxifloxacin in most isolates of A. baumannii.
|
['Acinetobacter Infections', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Aza Compounds', 'Cross Infection', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Moxifloxacin', 'Quinolines']
| 12,951,327
|
[['C01.150.252.400.560.022'], ['B03.440.400.425.537.050.099', 'B03.660.250.530.050.099'], ['D02.145'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.327'], ['D03.633.100.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of the antituberculous agent ethambutol on myelinated nerve.
|
The action of the antituberculous agent ethambutol on the myelinated nerve was studied in two ways: (1) Resting and compound action potentials of the desheathed sciatic nerve were measured; (2) Na+ and K+ currents through the node of Ranvier were investigated by means of the voltage clamp. Reversible dose-dependent decreases of the compound action potential and of the conduction velocity were observed when ethambutol was applied in concentrations of 1--7 mM for 15 min; prolongation up to 60 min caused irreversible changes in membrane function and a decrease in Ca content. Ethambutol induced a hyperpolarizing change of the resting potential. When the nerve was depolarized in Ca2+-free solutions, ethambutol repolarized the nerve membrane. Ethambutol instantly reduced sodium and potassium currents through the nodal membrane. Presumably ethambutol acts primarily as a Ca2+ chelating cation on negative charges at the nerve membrane.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Anura', 'Calcium', 'Ethambutol', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Potassium', 'Rana esculenta', "Ranvier's Nodes", 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Sodium']
| 308,884
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.265'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.240'], ['A08.637.800.500.700', 'A08.675.542.512.560.700', 'A08.800.800.690.500.700', 'A10.755.503.700', 'A11.284.149.165.760', 'A11.650.800.500.700', 'A11.671.501.512.560.700', 'A11.671.514.553.640'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for unconjugated estrogen in urine: comparison with a fluorometric assay for total estrogen and application in an in vitro fertilization program.
|
A time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) for unconjugated estrogens in human urine is described. 6-Keto-17 beta-estradiol-6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime:bovine serum albumin is immobilized onto microtiter strip wells and the coated wells are incubated with 17 beta-estradiol standard preparations or unknowns with a polyclonal antiserum to 17 beta-estradiol-16,17-monosuccinyl:albumin. The antiserum-bound estrogen is detected by incubation with a europium-labeled anti-rabbit IgG that serves as both second antibody and tracer. After the immunoreactions, the bound portion of the labeled antiserum is quantified by dissociating the Eu3+ in a fluorescence-enhancement solution and measuring its fluorescence with a time-resolved fluorometer. The detection limit of the TR-FIA is 24 pmol of 17 beta-estradiol per liter; the analytical range extends to 1.8 nmol/L. This assay is a convenient alternative to radioimmunoassay and to the automated Kober-Ittrich fluorometry of total estrogen. Its advantages include short counting times; use of nonradioactive, stable reagents, all of which are commercially available; and more nearly complete automation. We conclude that this TR-FIA, compared with the Kober-Ittrich fluorometric assay (J Endocrinol 1957; 16:49-56), provides the clinician with equivalent information during follicular development therapy as part of an in vitro fertilization program.
|
['Autoanalysis', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Fluoroimmunoassay', 'Fluorometry', 'Follicular Phase', 'Humans', 'Ovulation Induction']
| 2,208,653
|
[['E05.059'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.655', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.655', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.655', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.655', 'E05.478.566.159', 'E05.478.583.375.655'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['G08.686.605.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing a Soluble Fusion Protein PD-1/CD137L Subverts the Suppression of CD8+
|
Oncolytic viruses are an excellent platform for developing effective strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Several challenges remain in the use of viro-immunotherapy for cancer, such as the lack of costimulatory signals and negative regulation of immune checkpoints. In this study, we designed a novel adenovirus expressing a soluble fusion protein, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/CD137L, which contains the extracellular domains of PD-1 and CD137L at each terminus (Ad5-PC). Ad5-PC preserved the costimulatory activity of CD137L and facilitated the persistence of activated CD8+ T cells. Ad5-PC induced strikingly increased antitumor activity in both ascitic and subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor models, with 70% and 60% long-term cure rates, respectively. The improved antitumor effect of Ad5-PC was attributed to the sustained high-level lymphocyte activation and interferon (IFN)-ã production in the tumor microenvironment, and was essentially dependent on CD8+ T cells rather than natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, Ad5-huPC-expressing human soluble PD-1/CD137L fusion protein was effective in suppressing tumor growth and improving survival in a humanized mouse model. We confirmed that Ad5-PC induced tumor-specific and systematic protection against tumor rechallenges at both in situ and distant sites. Thus, Ad5-PC harnesses several distinct functions to efficiently overcome several major hurdles of viro-immunotherapy.
|
['4-1BB Ligand', 'Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Immunomodulation', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Oncolytic Virotherapy', 'Oncolytic Viruses', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 31,466,933
|
[['D12.644.276.374.750.065', 'D12.776.395.192', 'D12.776.467.374.750.065', 'D12.776.543.550.194', 'D23.529.374.750.065'], ['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.297'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465', 'G12.535'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E02.095.601'], ['B04.700'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Predicting who benefits from psychoeducation and self help for panic attacks.
|
UNLABELLED: Self-help and psychoeducation have been identified as effective methods for delivering treatment, yet not everyone benefits from these brief interventions. Therefore it is clinically and economically useful to identify who is likely to require more intensive assistance. This paper develops a prognostic scale which predicts who will recover from panic attacks and who will require more assistance.METHOD: Random regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between predictive variables, baseline severity, and the rate of improvement in 117 people with DSMIV panic attacks who participated in a trial of a psycho-educational booklet, a self-help workbook, and brief group CBT over a 9-month period. ROC analysis was used to choose cut-off points on a scale made up of significant predictors.RESULTS: Panic disorder and agoraphobia symptom measures were predicted by baseline social anxiety, and general mental health. There was no significant effect on the outcome for baseline depression or anxiety sensitivity. While general mental health (SF12 Mental Component scores) was predicted by the age at first panic attack, neuroticism, panic disorder and/or agoraphobia symptoms and a positive screen for alcohol use disorders. A prognostic scale based on simple additive scoring was equivalent to standard scores and significantly better than chance at predicting who would recover and who required face-to-face therapy.CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic scale may be used to guide the choice of psychoeducation, self-help or face-to-face therapy as the first step in stepped care.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Panic Disorder', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Patient Selection', 'Prognosis', 'Psychotherapy, Brief', 'Regression Analysis', 'Self Care', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,033,498
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.080.700'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E01.789'], ['F04.754.738'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Digital radiography and electronic data storage from the perspective of legal requirements for record keeping.
|
In some countries physicians and dentists are required by law to keep medical and dental records. These records not only serve as personal notes and memory aids but have to be in accordance with the necessary standard of care and may be used as evidence in litigation. Inadequate, incomplete or even missing records can lead to reversal of the burden of proof, resulting in a dramatically reduced chance of successful defence in litigation. The introduction of digital radiography and electronic data storage presents a new problem with respect to legal evidence, since digital data can easily be manipulated and industry is now required to provide adequate measures to prevent manipulations and forgery.
|
['Computer Security', 'Confidentiality', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Forms and Records Control', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Legislation, Medical', 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement']
| 14,686,680
|
[['L01.224.134', 'N04.452.910.200'], ['F04.096.544.335.240', 'I01.880.604.473.650.500', 'I01.880.604.583.080', 'N03.706.437.650.124', 'N03.706.535.230'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['N04.452.758.708.200.400'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['N03.706.615.473'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625', 'L01.313.500.750.300.695', 'N04.452.859.564.650', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Multiorgan damage in exertion heatstroke].
|
The paper reports a fatal case of exertion heat stroke. The etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of the case are described; although rarely observed, this pathology must be taken into account by the intensive care unit in order to ensure rapid aid and treatment in an attempt to modify the severe prognosis due to multiorgan damage which increases with the intensity and duration of hyperthermia.
|
['Adult', 'Heat Exhaustion', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multiple Organ Failure']
| 1,508,348
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.522.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.835.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic engineering with endothelial nitric oxide synthase improves functional properties of endothelial progenitor cells from patients with coronary artery disease: an in vitro study.
|
Recent studies have reported a marked impairment in the number and functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In view of an important role of eNOS in angiogenesis, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of eNOS gene transfer in ex vivo expanded EPCs isolated from patients with CAD. The expanded EPCs were transfected with mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1-eNOS containing the full-length human eNOS gene using lipofectamine. About 35-40% of the eNOS-EPCs had higher expression of eNOS as compared to untransfected EPCs. EPCs transfected with pcDNA3.0-EGFP, the plasmid vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used as control. The untransfected, GFP-transfected and eNOS-transfected EPCs were compared in terms of important functional attributes of angiogenesis such as proliferation, migration, differentiation and adhesion/integration into tube-like structures in vitro. Functional studies revealed that in the presence of defined growth conditions, compared to the untransfected and GFP-transfected cells, eNOS-EPCs from patients with CAD have a significant increase in [3H] thymidine-labeled DNA (P < 0.01), migration (14.6 +/- 1.8 and 16.5 +/- 1.9 vs. 23.5 +/- 3.4 cells/field, P < 0.01), ability to differentiate into endothelial-like spindle-shaped cells (46 +/- 4.5 and 56.5 +/- 2.1 vs. 93.2 +/- 6.6 cells/field, P < 0.001) and also incorporation into tube-like structures on the matrigel (GFP-EPCs: 21.25 +/- 2.9 vs. GFP-eNOS-EPCs: 34.5 +/- 5.5 cells/field, P < 0.05). We conclude that eNOS gene transfection is a valuable approach to augment angiogenic properties of ex vivo expanded EPCs and eNOS-modified EPCs may offer significant advantages than EPCs alone in terms of their clinical use in patients with myocardial ischemia.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Protein Engineering', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stem Cells', 'Transfection']
| 19,479,297
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['A11.436.275'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E05.393.350'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.481'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.872'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Moving research beyond the spanking debate.
|
Despite numerous studies identifying a broad range of harms associated with the use of spanking and other types of physical punishment, debate continues about its use as a form of discipline. In this commentary, we recommend four strategies to move the field forward and beyond the spanking debate including: 1) use of methodological approaches that allow for stronger causal inference; 2) consideration of human rights issues; 3) a focus on understanding the causes of spanking and reasons for its decline in certain countries; and 4) more emphasis on evidence-based approaches to changing social norms to reject spanking as a form of discipline. Physical punishment needs to be recognized as an important public health problem.
|
['Aggression', 'Child', 'Child Advocacy', 'Child Rearing', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Forecasting', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Ontario', 'Physical Abuse', 'Punishment', 'Research', 'Social Values']
| 28,249,733
|
[['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.880.604.473.300', 'I01.880.787.293.350', 'N03.706.437.300'], ['F01.318'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I01.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['I01.198.240.856.688', 'I01.880.735.900.744'], ['F02.463.425.770.571', 'I01.880.630.716'], ['H01.770.644'], ['F01.829.873']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adaptive latitudinal cline of photoperiodic diapause induction in the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis in Europe.
|
Living in seasonally changing environments requires adaptation to seasonal cycles. Many insects use the change in day length as a reliable cue for upcoming winter and respond to shortened photoperiod through diapause. In this study, we report the clinal variation in photoperiodic diapause induction in populations of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis collected along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. In this species, diapause occurs in the larval stage and is maternally induced. Adult Nasonia females were exposed to different photoperiodic cycles and lifetime production of diapausing offspring was scored. Females switched to the production of diapausing offspring after exposure to a threshold number of photoperiodic cycles. A latitudinal cline was found in the proportion of diapausing offspring, the switch point for diapause induction measured as the maternal age at which the female starts to produce diapausing larvae, and the critical photoperiod for diapause induction. Populations at northern latitudes show an earlier switch point, higher proportions of diapausing individuals and longer critical photoperiods. Since the photoperiodic response was measured under the same laboratory conditions, the observed differences between populations most likely reflect genetic differences in sensitivity to photoperiodic cues, resulting from local adaptation to environmental cycles. The observed variability in diapause response combined with the availability of genomic tools for N. vitripennis represent a good opportunity to further investigate the genetic basis of this adaptive trait.
|
['Adaptation, Biological', 'Animals', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genetics, Population', 'Genome, Insect', 'Geography', 'Larva', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Photoperiod', 'Population Dynamics', 'Seasons', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Wasps']
| 23,496,837
|
[['G16.012'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.542'], ['G05.365'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['G05.360.340.357'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['G01.910.675'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G05.783'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of nitrazepam and zopiclone in psychiatric patients.
|
This investigation compares the effects of single and double doses of nitrazepam (5 and 10 mg) and zopiclone (7.5 and 15 mg) and placebo for 1 night in 40 psychiatric patients. The results indicate that zopiclone is an active hypnotic compound, comparable in its effects to those of nitrazepam, the higher dosage being best adapted to the type of patients included in the study.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Azabicyclo Compounds', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitrazepam', 'Piperazines', 'Random Allocation', 'Sleep Wake Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 6,765,245
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.145.074', 'D03.605.084.500'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.565'], ['D03.383.606'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development and field testing of Teen Pocket PATH(®), a mobile health application to improve medication adherence in adolescent solid organ recipients.
|
Applying principles of user-centered design, we iteratively developed and tested the prototype of TPP, an mHealth application to promote medication adherence and enhance communication about medication management between adolescents and primary caregivers. A purposive sample of seven adolescent solid organ transplant recipients who were ? one yr post-transplant and their primary caregivers participated. Participants completed up to three face-to-face laboratory usability sessions, a 6-week field test, and a debriefing session. Primary caregivers participated in an additional usability telephone session. Participants completed usability and satisfaction measures. Sample included liver (n = 4), heart (n = 2), and lung (n = 1) recipients aged 11-18 yr (57% were female, 86% were Caucasian), and nine primary caregivers aged 42-61 yr (88.9% were parents, 88% were female, 88% were Caucasian). Ninety percent of the adolescents endorsed the graphs or logs of missed/late medication dosing as useful and 100% endorsed the remaining features (e.g., medication list, dose time reminders/warnings) as useful. All adolescents expressed interest in using TPP for monitoring medications and satisfaction with the automatic messaging between adolescent and caregiver versions of the application. Adolescents unanimously found TPP easy to use. TPP shows promise as an mHealth adherence tool.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Medicine', 'Adult', 'Caregivers', 'Child', 'Female', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Transplantation', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Reminder Systems', 'Self Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Telemedicine', 'Text Messaging', 'Transplant Recipients', 'Treatment Outcome', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 26,916,967
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['H02.403.014'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.936.450'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['L01.143.820', 'L01.313.500.750.300.790'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['L01.178.847.698.300.500', 'L01.559.423.906.377.666'], ['M01.925'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sorption of small metabolites of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in single and complex systems on aquatic suspended particulate matter.
|
Sorption of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) and nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) as well as their binary and ternary mixtures were studied and compared on three simulated suspended particulate matters (SPMs). Sorption dynamics of NP on the three SPMs could be divided into two phases, the rapid sorption phase and the slow sorption phase. A third phase, 'apparent desorption' occurred before the slow sorption phase for NP1EO and NP2EO as well as for all mixtures. Initial sorption rate increased with the OC% content of the SPMs. At low concentration, the sorption of NP, NP1EO and NP2EO (only at low concentration for 3# SPM) followed linear isotherm on the three SPMs. The linear Kd value of NP or NP1EO increased with the OC% content of SPM. In mixtures, sorption of NP, NP1EO and NP2EO increased significantly, and a 'critical point', after which sorption increased significantly, was observed in certain sorption isotherms.
|
['Adsorption', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Micelles', 'Nonoxynol', 'Particle Size', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 16,213,551
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G02.300'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.620', 'D05.750.741.575', 'D25.720.741.575', 'J01.637.051.720.741.575'], ['G02.712'], ['D27.720.877'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enhancing behavioral change among lung cancer survivors participating in a lifestyle risk reduction intervention: a qualitative study.
|
PURPOSE: Early detection and improved treatment have increased lung cancer survival. Lung cancer survivors have more symptom distress and lower function compared with other cancer survivors; however, few interventions are available to improve health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). Lifestyle risk reduction interventions have improved HR-QOL in other cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to explore lung cancer survivor perspectives on making behavioral changes in the context of a lifestyle risk reduction intervention.METHODS: Twenty-two lung cancer survivors participated in interviews after completing the Healthy Directions (HD) intervention. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using inductive content analysis. Demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered through a survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics.RESULTS: Five main themes were identified: (1) the diagnosis was a motivator for behavior change, (2) participants had to deal with disease consequences, (3) the coach provided guidance, (4) strategies for change were initiated, and (5) social support sustained behavioral changes. Other important subthemes were the coach helped interpret symptoms, which supported self-efficacy and goal setting, and survivors employed self-monitoring behaviors. Several participants found the recommended goals for physical activity were difficult and were discouraged if unable to attain the goal. Findings underscore the need for individualized prescriptions of physical activity, especially for sedentary survivors.CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer survivors described the benefits of coaching to enhance their engagement in behavioral change. Additional research is needed to validate the benefit of the HD intervention to improve HR-QOL among this vulnerable and understudied group of cancer survivors.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cancer Survivors', 'Exercise', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Reduction Behavior', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Self Efficacy', 'Social Support', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,643,990
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.860.350'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['F01.145.699'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Association of aciculin with dystrophin and utrophin.
|
Aciculin is a recently identified 60-kDa cytoskeletal protein, highly homologous to the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucomutase type 1, (Belkin, A. M., Klimanskaya, I. V., Lukashev, M. E., Lilley, K., Critchley, D., and Koteliansky, V. E. (1994) J. Cell Sci. 107, 159-173). Aciculin expression in skeletal muscle is developmentally regulated, and this protein is particularly enriched at cell-matrix adherens junctions of muscle cells (Belkin, A. M., and Burridge, K. (1994) J. Cell Sci. 107, 1993-2003). The purpose of our study was to identify cytoskeletal protein(s) interacting with aciculin in various cell types. Using immunoprecipitation from cell lysates of metabolically labeled differentiating C2C12 muscle cells with anti-aciculin-specific antibodies, we detected a high molecular weight band (M(r) approximately 400,000), consistently coprecipitating with aciculin. We showed that this 400 kDa band comigrated with dystrophin and immunoblotted with anti-dystrophin antibodies. The association between aciculin and dystrophin in C2C12 cells was shown to resist Triton X-100 extraction and the majority of the complex could be extracted only in the presence of ionic detergents. In the reverse immunoprecipitation experiments, aciculin was detected in the precipitates with different anti-dystrophin antibodies. Immunodepletion experiments with lysates of metabolically labeled C2C12 myotubes showed that aciculin is a major dystrophin-associated protein in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Double immunostaining of differentiating and mature C2C12 myotubes with antibodies against aciculin and dystrophin revealed precise colocalization of these two cytoskeletal proteins throughout the process of myodifferentiation in culture. In skeletal muscle tissue, both proteins are concentrated at the sarcolemma and at myotendinous junctions. In contrast, utrophin, an autosomal homologue of dystrophin, was not codistributed with aciculin in muscle cell cultures and in skeletal muscle tissues. Analytical gel filtration experiments with purified aciculin and dystrophin showed interaction of these proteins in vitro, indicating that their association in skeletal muscle is due to direct binding. Whereas dystrophin was shown to be a major aciculin-associated protein in skeletal muscle, immunoblotting of anti-aciculin immunoprecipitates with antibodies against utrophin showed that aciculin is associated with utrophin in cultured A7r5 smooth muscle cells and REF52 fibroblasts. Immunodepletion experiments performed with lysates of metabolically labeled A7r5 cells demonstrated that aciculin is a major utrophin-binding protein in this cell type. Taken together, our data show that aciculin is a novel dystrophin- and utrophin-binding protein. Association of aciculin with dystrophin (utrophin) in various cell types might provide an additional cytoskeletal-matrix transmembrane link at sites where actin filaments terminate at the plasma membrane.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chickens', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Cysteine', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Dystrophin', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Gizzard, Avian', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Methionine', 'Mice', 'Molecular Weight', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Phosphoglucomutase', 'Protein Binding', 'Sulfur Radioisotopes', 'Utrophin']
| 7,890,770
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D12.776.220'], ['D12.776.210.500.250', 'D12.776.220.250', 'D12.776.543.250'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A13.853.355'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D08.811.399.520.750.625'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D01.268.185.900.500.690', 'D01.496.749.858', 'D01.496.868.690'], ['D12.776.220.987', 'D12.776.543.985']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of selected trace elements in foodstuffs and biological materials by destructive neutron activation analysis.
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Concentration of trace elements in Nescaf?, Fariman sugar, and Sadaf turmeric and mercury content in cancerous blood were determined by radiochemical, neutron activation analysis. By this separation method levels of 110mAg, 198Au, 203Hg, 76Se, 51Cr, 24Na, 42K, 99Mo, 122Sb, 82Br, 59Fe, 60Co were measured without interference in the gamma spectroscopy. A nondestructive method has also been used for the analysis of sodium, potassium, and bromine.
|
['Food Analysis', 'Neutron Activation Analysis', 'Trace Elements']
| 8,748,216
|
[['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['E05.196.039.564'], ['D01.268.811', 'D27.505.696.494.555', 'G07.203.300.681.500.555', 'J02.500.681.500.555']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Efficiency of various vitamin doses for polyhypovitaminosis correction in rats.
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A 5-fold decrease of the content of vitamin mixture in the ration and exclusion of vitamin E from this mixture over 4 weeks led to a significant growth delay in rats initially weighing 58.1±0.5 g, but was inessential for the growth rates of animals weighing 107.1±1.1 g. The decrease in the levels of vitamins A and B2 in the liver and of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the plasma of younger rats was more significant, this indicating their higher sensitivity to alimentary vitamin deficit. The increase in vitamin content in the ration to 100% over 5 days led to a significant body weight increment but did not restore vitamin levels in the liver, restoring, however, plasma levels of vitamins E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Addition of 50% vitamin content of the vitamin mixture for controls to vitamin-deficient rations of older rats for 2 weeks improved the levels of vitamins B1 and B2, but was virtually inessential for the liver content of vitamins A and E. High dose (158-200%) vitamins in animals of both age groups repaired the deficit of all vitamins, except vitamin A, despite the fact that its doses were the highest. These results validate long-term vitamin consumption for repair of their deficit.
|
['Animals', 'Avitaminosis', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vitamins']
| 25,257,423
|
[['B01.050'], ['C18.654.521.500.133'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Mediastinal lymph nodes micro-metastases in patients with clinical stage I-II lung cancer].
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate micro-metastasis in mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN) of patients with clinical stage I approximately II lung cancer and its clinical significance.METHODS: A total of 181 mLN from 32 lung cancer patients in clinical stage I approximately II were collected during operation and their frozen sections at two different levels were examined immunohistochemically (IHC) with an anti-epithelial cell monoclonal antibody Ber-Ep4. Routine HE staining was done for comparison. The results were processed by Chi-square tests in SPSS 10.0 soft ware.RESULTS: Fifteen of the 32 patients (46.9%) were found to have micro-metastasis in 21 of 181 mLN (11.6%) examined by immunohistochemical staining though routine histopathological examinations were negative. Of those 15 cases, micro-metastasis was detected in 9 only by IHC and in 6 both by IHC and HE stainings. The positive rate of micro-metastasis in N0, N1, and N2 stratified by routine pathology was 36.8% (7/19), 33.3% (2/6) and 85.7% (6/7), respectively (N0 vs N2, P < 0.05). When stratified according to clinical staging (cTNM), pathological staging (pTNM) and pathological staging on the basis of IHC (iTNM), the frequencies of N2 cases were 0, 18.8% and 46.9%, respectively (differences among the three groups: P < 0.01). Nine cases reported as N0(7) and N1(2) by routine histopathological examination were found to have micro-metastasis in mLN by IHC staining, therefore they were actually N2 cases.CONCLUSION: IHC staining with a monoclonal antibody specific for epithelial cells (Ber-Ep4) is more sensitive in the detection of mediastinal micro-metastais than routine HE staining. Underestimation of the extent of mLN metastasis by cTNM and/or pTNM stagings frequently exists in patients with clinically early lung cancer.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Mediastinum', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging']
| 15,946,566
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['A01.923.761.800.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Association between preconceptional treatment with insulin pumps and improved metabolic status in early pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes.
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INTRODUCTION: An adverse intrauterine environment in early pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes is associated with several perinatal complications including spontaneous abortions, fetal congenital defects, and preeclampsia.OBJECTIVES: We compared metabolic parameters in the first trimester of pregnancy between women with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and those treated with multiple daily injections (MDI).PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 168 women in the first trimester of pregnancy (33 using CSII and 135 using MDI) were enrolled in this cross-sectional single-center study. Anthropometric parameters, fasting serum levels of hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), lipid profile, and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) were determined.RESULTS: Patients did not differ in gestational or maternal age, diabetes duration, and the frequency of planned pregnancies. Women using CSII before pregnancy had lower body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio than those using MDI (22.3 vs 23.3 and 0.77 vs 0.79, respectively, P = 0.01). A similar number of women had hypertension; however, the CSII group had lower diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.02). Moreover, the CSII group had a significantly lower insulin requirement (0.54 vs 0.63 units/kg; P = 0.02), significantly higher eGDR (11.3 vs 10.5 mg/kg/min; P = 0.0007), and significantly lower serum triglyceride levels (53.1 vs 61.8 mg/dl; P = 0.004). In a multiple regression analysis, CSII therapy was associated with higher eGDR, lower HbA(1c), and lower serum triglyceride levels.CONCLUSIONS: The use of CSII before pregnancy in patients with type 1 diabetes is associated with better metabolic profile in the first trimester.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Infusions, Subcutaneous', 'Insulin Infusion Systems', 'Insulin, Long-Acting', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Young Adult']
| 25,827,639
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C19.246.099'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['E02.319.267.510.795'], ['E02.319.300.508', 'E07.505.508', 'E07.858.082.505.508'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['C13.703.726'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Electrophysiological evidence for the effects of emotional content on false recognition memory.
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Two competing hypotheses attempt to explain the effects of emotional content on the production of false memory. The conceptual relatedness account posits that negative emotion increases false memory by strengthening familiarity process, whereas the distinctiveness heuristic account postulates that negative emotion reduces false memory by influencing recollection process. Here, using the categorized pictures paradigm, we examined these hypotheses by investigating emotional influences on false recognition memory performance and the event-related potential (ERP) correlates of familiarity and recollection. Participants were presented with positive, neutral, or negative pictures from various categories during encoding and later completed a recognition test while electroencephalogram data were recorded. Behavioral results revealed lower corrected false recognition rates for negative and neutral pictures than for positive ones, with no significant difference between negative and neutral pictures. In addition, negative pictures were associated with a more conservative response bias in comparison with neutral and positive pictures. Importantly, ERP results revealed enhanced recollection-related parietal old/new effects for negative pictures relative to positive and neutral pictures, but comparable familiarity-related early frontal old/new effects across each type of emotional valence category during both true and false recognition. Our results suggest that emotionally negative content may affect production of false memory mainly by engaging a distinctiveness heuristic. Methodological implications of these findings are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Emotions', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Heuristics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Young Adult']
| 30,064,656
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['F01.470'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['F02.463.425.725.500', 'F02.463.785.810.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Admissions procedures of educational programs for the specialist in blood bank technology.
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A national survey of specialists in blood bank technology educational programs was performed to describe current admissions procedures. Programs generally were AABB approved for and accepted either two or four students annually from 10 to 14 complete applications which result from 25 to 50 inquiries. The program selection criteria usually included an evaluation of overall GPA, science GPA, prior blood bank experience, three professional references, and a non-standardized interview with the medical director, educational coordinator, and other faculty or staff. Admissions procedures were characterized by an admissions committee of four members differentially weighting the various selection criteria that often were not quantified through the use of a point value system. Programs reported that their admissions procedures were not quantified through the use of a point value system. Programs reported to their admissions procedures were objective enough and resulted in students of adequate quality, even though their procedures could be improved, possibly with more specific AABB guidelines.
|
['Blood Banks', 'Humans', 'Medical Laboratory Science', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 7,292,586
|
[['N02.278.065.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.010.450', 'J01.897.480'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Metastases to the parotid nodes: CT and MR imaging findings.
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OBJECTIVES: To present and characterize CT and MR imaging findings of metastases to the parotid nodes.METHODS: CT (n = 10) and MR (n = 11) images from 14 patients with metastases to the parotid nodes were reviewed. The primary tumour sites were the ocular adnexa in five patients, facial skin in four patients, upper aerodigestive tract in four patients and thyroid gland in one patient. CT and MR images were evaluated with emphasis on the size and number of parotid tumours, their location in the parotid gland, the presence of associated clinically pathological cervical nodes or previous history of cervical node metastasis, margin characteristics and the presence of central necrosis.RESULTS: A total of 18 tumours were identified in 14 patients, with an average maximal cross-sectional diameter of 19 mm (7-44 mm). 12 patients had a single parotid tumour and 2 patients had unilateral multiple tumours; 12 tumours in 10 patients were located in the parotid tail, 6 tumours in 4 patients were located in the superficial lobe and no tumour was noted in the deep lobe. In the superficial lobe, four of six tumours were located in the pretragal area. Three of nine patients whose primary sites were the ocular adnexa or skin had associated clinically pathological cervical nodes. None of these patients had a previous history of cervical node metastasis. All five patients with other primary sites had associated pathological cervical nodes or a history of such. 11 tumours had well-defined margins and 7 tumours had ill-defined margins. Post-contrast images showed central necrosis in 2 of 11 tumours.CONCLUSIONS: Metastases to the parotid nodes tend to present as solitary parotid masses with two preferential sites.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parotid Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 27,635,667
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.591.824.695', 'C07.465.530.824.695', 'C07.465.815.470.770', 'C07.465.815.718.589'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Metabolism of some naturally occurring isothiocyanates in the rat.
|
The metabolism of methyl, ethyl, butyl and allyl isothiocyanate, which occur as glucosinolates in a number of plants, was studied. Oral administration of the substances to the rat was followed by their renal excretion as mercapturic acids, which were isolated as dicyclohexylamine salts. Chemical structure was determined by synthesis and 1H-n.m.r. spectra. The mercapturic acids were very labile dithiocarbamidic acid esters, formed by the addition of the isothiocyanate group to the SH group of the cysteine component.
|
['Acetylcysteine', 'Animals', 'Isothiocyanates', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Thiocarbamates', 'Thiocyanates']
| 6,624,135
|
[['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.500.375', 'D02.886.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.241.081.251.869', 'D02.886.706'], ['D02.262.775', 'D02.886.728']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accurate epileptogenic focus localization through time-variant functional connectivity analysis of intracranial electroencephalographic signals.
|
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures, i.e. abnormal synchronous activity of neurons in the brain. During a focal seizure, the abnormal synchronous activity starts in a specific brain region and rapidly propagates to neighboring regions. Intracranial ElectroEncephaloGraphy (IEEG) is the recording of brain activity at a high temporal resolution through electrodes placed within different brain regions. Intracranial electrodes are used to access structures deep within the brain and to reveal brain activity that cannot be observed with scalp EEG recordings. In order to identify the pattern of propagation across brain areas, a connectivity measure named the Adapted Directed Transfer Function (ADTF) has been developed. This measure reveals connections between different regions by exploiting statistical dependencies within multichannel recordings. The ADTF can be derived from the coefficients of a time-variant multivariate autoregressive (TVAR) model fitted to the data. In this paper the applicability to locate the epileptogenic focus by time-variant connectivity analysis of seizure onsets based on the ADTF is shown. Furthermore, different normalizations of the ADTF (the integrated ADTF, the masked ADTF and the full frequency ADTF) are compared to investigate whether one is more suitable to describe the spreading of epileptic activity during an epileptic seizure. We quantified the performance of different connectivity measures during simulations of an epileptic seizure onset. The full frequency ADTF outperforms the integrated ADTF and masked ADTF. Accordingly, we applied this full frequency ADTF to 4 seizure onset and 29 subclinical seizure IEEG recordings of a patient with refractory epilepsy. Hereby, we showed that connectivity patterns derived from IEEG recordings can provide useful information about seizure propagation and may improve the accuracy of the pre-surgical evaluation in patients with refractory epilepsy.
|
['Algorithms', 'Causality', 'Drug Resistance', 'Electrodes', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Models, Statistical', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Regression Analysis', 'Seizures', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 21,316,472
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Imprecision of tumour biomarker measurements on Roche Modular E170 platform fulfills desirable goals derived from biological variation.
|
BACKGROUND: Monitoring of test imprecision is one of the most important quality indicators in clinical laboratories. Imprecision goals should be derived from biological variation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the imprecision of eight tumour biomarker assays routinely measured on the Modular E170 system.METHODS: Method coefficient of variations (CVs) were obtained by an appropriate Internal Quality Control programme based on the measurement every working day of a fresh-frozen human serum pool with biomarkers concentrations around the clinical cut-offs. We evaluated data collected along the whole year 2008 (n range: 21-461); monthly CVs and their cumulative means were calculated and compared with corresponding goals.RESULTS: Biomarkers concentration means and average yearly CVs (desirable goals in parentheses) were as follows: alpha-fetoprotein, 9.6 microg/L, 3.9% (6.0%); CA125, 41.2 U/L, 2.8% (12.4%); CA15.3, 32.7 U/L, 3.1% (3.1%); CA19.9, 35.1 U/L, 2.8% (8.0%); CEA, 7.7 microg/L, 4.3% (6.4%); prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 4.1 microg/L, 4.3% (9.1%); CYFRA 21.1, 2.4 microg/L, 5.7% (11.3%); and ferritin, 64.5 microg/L, 4.0% (7.1%).CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that in routine laboratory practice and over a clinically and analytically relevant time-span, the imprecision of the tumour biomarker measurements on the Roche Modular E170 fulfills desirable goals. For four assays (CA125, CA19.9, PSA and CYFRA 21.1) the optimum CV can even be achieved.
|
['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'CA-19-9 Antigen', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'Data Collection', 'Ferritins', 'Humans', 'Keratin-19', 'Male', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Time Factors', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 20,144,978
|
[['D23.050.285'], ['D23.101.140'], ['D23.050.285.050.119', 'D23.050.301.290.544.119', 'D23.050.550.325.119', 'D23.050.705.230.544.119', 'D23.101.140.075.119'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.300.900', 'D12.776.220.475.450.300.900', 'D12.776.860.607.300.900'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) gene ablation reduces nuclear ligand distribution and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activity in cultured primary hepatocytes.
|
The effect of liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) gene ablation on the uptake and distribution of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) to the nucleus by real-time laser scanning confocal imaging and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) activity was examined in cultured primary hepatocytes from livers wild-type L-FABP+/+ and gene ablated L-FABP-/- mice. Cultured primary hepatocytes from livers of L-FABP-/- mice exhibited: (i) reduced oxidation of palmitic acid, a common dietary long chain fatty acid (LCFA); (ii) reduced expression of fatty acid oxidative enzymes-proteins transcriptionally regulated by PPARalpha; (iii) reduced palmitic acid-induced PPARalpha co-immunoprecipitation with coactivator SRC-1 concomitant with increased PPARalpha co-immunoprecipitation with coinhibitor N-CoR; (iv) reduced palmitic acid-induced PPARalpha. Diminished PPARalpha activation in L-FABP null hepatocytes was associated with lower uptake of common dietary LCFA (palmitic acid as well as its fluorescent derivative BODIPY FL C(16)), reduced level of total unesterified LCFA, and real-time redistribution of BODIPY FL C(16) from the central nucleoplasm to the nuclear envelope. Taken together, these studies support the hypothesis that L-FABP may facilitate ligand (LCFA)-activated PPARalpha transcriptional activity at least in part by increasing total LCFA ligand available to PPARalpha for inducing PPARalpha-mediated transcription of proteins involved in LCFA metabolism.
|
['Animals', 'COS Cells', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Hepatocytes', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'PPAR alpha']
| 19,285,478
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['A11.436.348'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D12.776.826.239.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of safflor yellow B on vascular endothelial cells injury induced by angiotensin-II].
|
This study is to investigate protective effect of safflor yellow B (SYB) against vascular endothelial cells (VECs) injury induced by angiotensin-II (Ang-II). VECs were cultured and divided into six groups: control group, Ang-II group, Ang-II + SYB (1 micromolL(-1)) group, Ang-II + SYB (10 micromolL(-1)) group, Ang-II + SYB (100 micromolL(-1)) group and Ang- II + verapamil (10 micromolL(-1)) group. Except control group, all of VECs in other groups were treated with Ang- II at the final concentration of 0.1 micromolL(-1). Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and mitochondria complex IV activity was detected by BCA method. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VECs were analyzed by fluorescence detector and apoptosis of VECs was observed by flow cytometer. Caspase 3 was determined by Western blotting method. Comparing with control group, Ang-II was able to increase [Ca2+]i and ROS level, decrease MMP level, inhibit complex IV activity and enhance caspase 3 activity in VECs, as a result, enhance apoptosis of VECs. But SYB could significantly reduce the result induced by Ang- II relying on different dosages (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). SYB was able to eliminate the effect of Ang-II on VECs via regulating [Ca2+]i, mitochondrial structure and function and inhibiting apoptosis.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Antioxidants', 'Apoptosis', 'Calcium', 'Carthamus tinctorius', 'Caspase 3', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chalcone', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']
| 22,919,732
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.181.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.522.818.222.500', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.221.500'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.295.770.500', 'G04.580.550', 'G07.265.675.550'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.325.750', 'D08.811.913.696.650.150.500.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.475.625', 'D12.776.575.750.625'], ['B01.650.560'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of ivermectin treatment against inhibited early third stage, late third stage and fourth stage larvae and adult stages of the cyathostomes in Shetland ponies and spontaneous expulsion of these helminths.
|
A controlled and critical test on the efficacy of ivermectin against larval and adult stages of the cyathostomes was carried out in six yearling castrated male Shetland ponies. The ponies grazed together as one group from 3 May to 4 October 1990, after which they were housed. Three ponies were treated with ivermectin on 29 October while the others served as controls. The shedding of helminths in the faeces was followed in all ponies until necropsy on 14 November. Comparison of worm counts of both groups before and after necropsy showed no evidence for an effect of ivermectin against inhibited early third stage larvae (EL3) and mucosal late third stage (LL3) and fourth stage larvae (L4). However, a high, but not 100%, efficacy was observed against adults and lumenal L4. A remarkable observation was the high incidence of spontaneous expulsion of L4 and adult populations of some species in two of the untreated ponies.
|
['Animals', 'Feces', 'Horses', 'Ivermectin', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Strongyle Infections, Equine', 'Strongyloidea']
| 1,496,789
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D02.540.576.500.997'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['C01.610.335.349.840', 'C01.610.335.508.700.775.773', 'C01.610.701.377.840', 'C22.488.861', 'C22.674.377.840'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.968.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Length adaptation of airway smooth muscle: a stochastic model of cytoskeletal dynamics.
|
To account for cytoskeleton remodeling as well as smooth muscle length adaptation, here we represent the cytoskeleton as a two-dimensional network of links (contractile filaments or stress fibers) that connect nodes (dense plaques or focal adhesions). The network evolves in continuous turnover with probabilities of link formation and dissolution. The probability of link formation increases with the available fraction of contractile units, increases with the degree of network activation, and decreases with increasing distance between nodes, d, as 1/d(s), where s controls the distribution of link lengths. The probability of link dissolution decays with time to mimic progressive cytoskeleton stabilization. We computed network force (F) as the vector summation of link forces exerted at all nodes, unloaded shortening velocity (V) as being proportional to the average link length, and network compliance (C) as the change in network length per change in elastic force. Imposed deformation caused F to decrease transiently and then recover dynamically; recovery ability decreased with increasing time after activation, mimicking observed biological behavior. Isometric contractions showed small sensitivity of F to network length, thus maintaining high force over a wide range of lengths; V and C increased with increasing length. In these behaviors, link length regulation, as described by the parameter s, was found to be crucial. Concerning length adaptation, all phenomena reported thus far in the literature were captured by this extremely simple network model.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Elasticity', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Mechanotransduction, Cellular', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Statistical', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Trachea']
| 16,081,628
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['G01.374.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['G01.154.090.500', 'G02.111.820.580', 'G04.835.580'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996'], ['G01.374.835'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cytokine serum levels in patients with chronic HCV infection.
|
The pathogenic role of immune-mediated mechanisms in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we report different cytokine expression profiles from hemodialysis (HD) and non-HD HCV (+) patients. IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta1 serum levels, and liver biochemical parameters were determined in 85 individuals (41 HD patients and 44 non-HD patients). Screening for HCV RNA and anti-HCV antibodies was performed using qualitative and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) methods, respectively. IL-4 and IL-1beta demonstrated decreased serum levels in non-HD HCV carriers compared with healthy controls. Both T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 lymphocytes were highly associated with chronic HCV infection, as indicated by the increased IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 cytokine circulating levels in all chronic active hepatitis (CAH) patients examined. An enhanced Th2 response (IL-4 and IL-6) coupled with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta serum levels was reported in HD HCV (-) patients. In conclusion, our data show that a virus-induced Th2 and IL-1beta immunosuppression is an early event in HCV-related chronicity. Long-term HD specifically exerts a chronic effect on IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha serum circulating levels. Irrespective of the HD status, HCV viremia, and liver biochemistry parameters, both Th1 and Th2 responses are highly associated with chronic HCV infection.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cytokines', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 11,835,530
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effects of inspiratory muscle training in older adults.
|
PURPOSE: Declining inspiratory muscle function and structure and systemic low-level inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to morbidity and mortality during normal ageing. Therefore, we examined the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in older adults on inspiratory muscle function and structure and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and reexamined the reported positive effects of IMT on respiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance, spirometry, exercise performance, physical activity levels (PAL), and quality of life (QoL).METHODS: Thirty-four healthy older adults (68 ± 3 yr) with normal spirometry, respiratory muscle strength, and physical fitness were divided equally into a pressure-threshold IMT or sham-hypoxic placebo group. Before and after an 8-wk intervention, measurements were taken for dynamic inspiratory muscle function and inspiratory muscle endurance using a weighted plunger pressure-threshold loading device; diaphragm thickness by using B-mode ultrasonography; plasma cytokine concentrations by using immunoassays; DNA damage levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using comet assays; spirometry, maximal mouth pressures, and exercise performance by using a 6-min walk test; PAL by using a questionnaire and accelerometry; and QoL using a questionnaire.RESULTS: Compared with placebo, IMT increased maximal inspiratory pressure (+34% ± 43%, P = 0.008), diaphragm thickness at residual volume (+38% ± 39%, P = 0.03), and peak inspiratory flow (+35% ± 42%, P = 0.049) but did not change other spirometry measures, plasma cytokine concentrations, DNA damage levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, dynamic inspiratory muscle function, inspiratory muscle endurance, exercise performance, PAL, or QoL.CONCLUSION: These novel data indicate that in healthy older adults, IMT elicits some positive changes in inspiratory muscle function and structure but neither attenuates systemic inflammation and oxidative stress nor improves exercise performance, PAL, or QoL.
|
['Accelerometry', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Aged', 'Breathing Exercises', 'Cytokines', 'DNA Damage', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Motor Activity', 'Mouth', 'Muscle Strength', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Physical Endurance', 'Pressure', 'Quality of Life', 'Respiratory Muscles', 'Spirometry', 'Work of Breathing']
| 25,116,085
|
[['E05.003'], ['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.190.525.186', 'E02.779.474.124'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G05.200'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['G01.374.715'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['A02.633.567.900'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['E01.370.386.700.975', 'G09.772.965']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Structure, diffusion, and permeability of protein-stabilized monodispersed oil in water emulsions and their gels: a self-diffusion NMR study.
|
Self-diffusion NMR is used to investigate monodispersed oil in water emulsions and the subsequent gel formed by removing the water through evaporation. The radius of the oil droplets in the emulsions is measured using a number of diffusion methods based on the measurement of the mean squared displacement of the oil, water, and tracer molecules. The results are consistent with the known size of the emulsions. Bragg-like reflections due to the restricted diffusion of the water around the oil droplets are observed due to the low polydispersity of the emulsions and the dense packing. The resulting data are fitted to a pore glass model to give the diameter of both the pools of interstitial water and the oil droplets. In the gel, information on the residual three-dimensional structure is obtained using the short time behavior of the effective diffusion coefficient to give the surface to volume ratio of the residual protein network structure. The values for the surface to volume ratio are found to be consistent with the expected increase of the surface area of monodisperse droplets forming a gel network. At long diffusion observation times, the permeability of the network structure is investigated by diffusion NMR to give a complete picture of the colloidal system considered.
|
['Diffusion', 'Emulsions', 'Gels', 'Lactoglobulins', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Microfluidics', 'Microscopy', 'Oils', 'Particle Size', 'Permeability', 'Porosity', 'Proteins', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 20,369,894
|
[['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.816.500', 'D12.776.377.457'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.830.666', 'H01.671.808.500', 'J01.897.520.500.500'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['D10.627'], ['G02.712'], ['G02.723'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D12.776'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Introduction of a disulfide bond into ricin A chain decreases the cytotoxicity of the ricin holotoxin.
|
Wild type ricin A chain (RTA) contains two cysteine residues (Cys171 and Cys259). Cys259 forms the interchain disulfide bond of ricin holotoxin with Cys4 of ricin B chain (RTB). We have used site-directed mutagenesis of RTA cDNA to convert Cys171 to Ser and to introduce a disulfide bond into RTA by converting Ser215 and Met255 to Cys residues. Mutant RTA was expressed in Escherichia coli and directed to the oxidizing environment of the periplasmic space where the Cys215-Cys255 disulfide bond was formed. The disulfide-containing RTA mutant had an in vitro catalytic activity similar to that of an identical form of recombinant RTA that lacked the S215C and M255C mutations. In the presence of glutathione and protein disulfide isomerase, this RTA variant reassociated with RTB to form ricin holotoxin. Incubation of this holotoxin with increasing concentrations of dithiothreitol showed that the interchain disulfide bond joining RTA and RTB was more readily reduced than the intrachain disulfide bond in RTA. Ricin in which the RTA moiety contained the disulfide bond was 15-18-fold less cytotoxic to HeLa or Vero cells than ricin in which the RTA did not contain the stabilizing disulfide cross-link. Since these ricin molecules had identical RTB cell binding and RTA catalytic activities, we suggest that the observed reduction in cytotoxicity caused by the introduced disulfide bond resulted from a constraint on the unfolding of RTA, indicating that such unfolding is necessary for the membrane translocation of RTA during its entry into the cytosol.
|
['Animals', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cysteine', 'Cytotoxins', 'Disulfides', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Escherichia coli', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Plant Lectins', 'Plants, Toxic', 'Protein Engineering', 'Protein Folding', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Ricin', 'Ricinus', 'Vero Cells']
| 7,929,403
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D27.888.569.213'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D12.776.503.499', 'D12.776.765.678'], ['B01.650.660'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.666', 'D12.776.034.756', 'D12.776.503.499.937', 'D12.776.765.678.906.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.650'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lead exposure from lead pellets: age-related accumulation in mute swans.
|
In a cross-sectional study of adult swans and their successfully fledged young in Ringk?bing Fjord, West Jutland, Denmark, 128 venous blood samples were taken during the moulting period and analyzed for lead. While the juveniles generally showed blood lead levels below 15 micrograms/100 ml (median, 11 micrograms/100 ml), the values were significantly higher in adults (median, 25 micrograms/100 ml). Adult females showed slightly higher levels than did adult males. None of the birds examined showed signs of acute lead toxicity, and increased blood levels in adults may reflect increased lead body burdens from previous ingestion of lead shot as gizzard stones.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Bird Diseases', 'Birds', 'Body Burden', 'Denmark', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Lead', 'Lead Poisoning', 'Male']
| 6,719,507
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.131'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['E05.799.638.231', 'N06.850.460.200'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['C25.723.522.750']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Carboxypeptidase Z (CPZ) modulates Wnt signaling and regulates the development of skeletal elements in the chicken.
|
Carboxypeptidase Z (CPZ) is a secreted Zn-dependent enzyme whose biological function is largely unknown. CPZ has a bipartite structure consisting of an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and a C-terminal catalytic domain. In the early chicken embryo CPZ is initially expressed throughout the somites and subsequently becomes restricted to the sclerotome. To initiate a functional analysis of CPZ, a CPZ producing retroviral vector was applied to the presomitic mesoderm at the level of the future wing. This resulted in a loss of the scapular blade and of rostral ribs. Such dysmorphogenesis is preceded by ectopic Pax3 expression in the hypaxial part of the dermomyotome, a region from which the blade of the scapula normally derives. A mutant CPZ, lacking a critical active site glutamate, fails to induce Pax3 expression and does not cause skeletal defects. The induction of Pax3, a Wnt-responsive gene in somites, and the presence of a CRD prompted us to examine whether CPZ affects Wnt signaling. In an in vitro assay we found that CPZ, but not its inactive mutant form, enhances the Wnt-dependent induction of the homeobox gene Cdx1. In addition, immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that the CRD of CPZ acts as a binding domain for Wnt. Taken together these data provide the first evidence for CPZ playing a role in Wnt signaling.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Carboxypeptidases', 'Chick Embryo', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Morphogenesis', 'PAX3 Transcription Factor', 'Paired Box Transcription Factors', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Rats', 'Ribs', 'Scapula', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Signal Transduction', 'Somites', 'Transcription Factors', 'Wnt Proteins', 'Wnt4 Protein']
| 12,944,424
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.245'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G07.345.500'], ['D12.776.260.645.782', 'D12.776.930.700.782'], ['D12.776.260.645', 'D12.776.930.700'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A02.835.232.570.500'], ['A02.835.232.087.783'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A16.504.660.750'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.467.984', 'D23.529.984'], ['D12.776.467.984.400', 'D23.529.984.400']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rural Aging in America: Proceedings of the 2017 Connectivity Summit.
|
Rural Aging in America: Proceedings of the 2017 Connectivity Summit Alexis Skoufalos, EdD, Janice L. Clarke, RN, BBA, Dana Rose Ellis, BA, Vicki L. Shepard, MSW, MPA, and Elizabeth Y. Rula, PhD Editorial: Creating a Movement to Transform Rural Aging David B. Nash, MD, MBA, with Donato J. Tramuto, and Joseph F. Coughlin, PhD S-3 Introduction S-4 Summit Proceedings S-5 Roundtable 1: The Power of Community - Enabling Social Connections and Access to Health Resources Through Community-Based Programs S-5 Roundtable 2: Technology and Rural Health: Innovative Solutions to Bridge the Distance, Improve Care, and Deliver Programs S-7 Roundtable 3: An Integrated Experience: The Exponential Potential of a Collaborative Approach to Rural Aging S-8 General Discussion and Recommendations S-8 Post-Summit Debriefing S-9 Strategy and objectives S-9 6-12 month action plan S-9 Conclusion S-9.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Rural Health Services', 'Rural Population', 'United States']
| 29,251,548
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N02.421.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.816'], ['N01.600.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Pycnodysostosis associated with bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle.
|
We report the case of a 22-year-old woman with pycnodysostosis associated with bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. The patient was first seen at the age of 19 years and had no symptoms during the 3-year follow-up period. The diagnosis of pycnodysostosis was made by typical clinical and radiological findings. Bilateral painless mid-clavicular mass and plain radiograms confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. Surgery was not performed for pseudarthrosis of the clavicles, just observation was preferred.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Adult', 'Clavicle', 'Facies', 'Female', 'Fingers', 'Humans', 'Pseudarthrosis', 'Radiography', 'Syndrome']
| 12,721,693
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.087.227'], ['C23.550.291.812', 'E01.370.600.230'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.404.468.627'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Why and how is soft copy reading possible in clinical practice?
|
The properties of the human visual system (HVS) relevant to the diagnostic process are described after a brief introduction on the general problems and advantages of using soft copy for primary radiology interpretations. At various spatial and temporal frequencies the contrast sensitivity defines the spatial resolution of the eye-brain system and the sensitivity to flicker. The adaptation to the displayed radiological scene and the ambient illumination determine the dynamic range for the operation of the HVS. Although image display devices are determined mainly by state-of-the-art technology, analysis of the HVS may suggest technical characteristics for electronic displays that will help to optimize the display to the operation of the HVS. These include display size, spatial resolution, contrast resolution, luminance range, and noise, from which further consequences for the technical components of a monitor follow. It is emphasized that routine monitor quality control must be available in clinical practice. These image quality measures must be simple enough to be applied as part of the daily routine. These test instructions might also serve as elements of technical acceptance and constancy tests.
|
['Adaptation, Ocular', 'Artifacts', 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'Data Display', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Flicker Fusion', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Light', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Radiology Information Systems', 'Space Perception', 'Technology, Radiologic', 'Vision, Ocular', 'Visual Perception']
| 10,036,662
|
[['G14.020'], ['E05.047'], ['E01.370.380.850.950.500', 'F02.463.593.778.435.110', 'F02.463.593.932.281', 'F02.463.593.932.901.500', 'G14.940.500'], ['F02.784.412.221', 'L01.296'], ['E01.370.350'], ['E01.370.380.245', 'F02.463.593.932.458', 'G14.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['L01.224.308'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['N04.452.515.825'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['E05.920', 'H02.010.850', 'J01.897.891'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Expression of BET genes in testis of men with different spermatogenic impairments.
|
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the BET gene expression in human testis with spermatogenetic impairments; to examine BRDT protein expression in testis and semen.DESIGN: Prospective study.SETTING: Fertility clinic.PATIENT(S): Azoospermic men (n = 120) who underwent testicular sperm extraction and who were classified as either normal spermatogenesis, mixed atrophy, spermatocyte maturation arrest, or Sertoli cells only according to their combined histologic and cytologic testicular findings and three normozoospermic men who donated sperm.INTERVENTION(S): Evaluation of testicular biopsies by qualitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and analysis of spermatozoa by immunofluorescence.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Expression of the four BET genes in testis and localization of BRDT protein in testicular tissue and ejaculated spermatozoa.RESULT(S): The BRDT gene was not expressed in testicular tissue from patients with Sertoli cells only, whereas the other three genes of the BET family retained expression in all the pathologies. The BRDT protein was localized in the nuclei of spermatocytes, spermatids, and ejaculated spermatozoa. Expression of BRDT protein was almost nil in testicular tissue specimens with spermatocyte maturation arrest despite normal transcript levels.CONCLUSION(S): Human BRDT expression pattern differs from mouse BRDT expression. In human, BRDT is the only BET gene expressed exclusively in testicular germ cells. Its expression in elongated spermatids and ejaculated spermatozoa raises the possibility that it is involved in unidentified additional functions.
|
['Azoospermia', 'Biopsy', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Prospective Studies', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome', 'Spermatids', 'Spermatogenesis', 'Spermatozoa', 'Transcription Factors']
| 22,035,730
|
[['C12.294.365.700.380'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D12.776.167'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.660'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['C12.294.365.700.754'], ['A05.360.490.890.860', 'A11.497.760.600'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Efficacy of bunazosin hydrochloride 0.01% as adjunctive therapy of latanoprost or timolol.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular hypotensive response of bunazosin hydrochloride 0.01% administered as adjunctive therapy in patients with glaucoma who were already receiving latanoprost 0.005% or timolol 0.5%.METHODS: Patients with primary open angle glaucoma who had received latanoprost (n = 60) or timolol (n = 60) for 6 months or longer were enrolled and prospectively randomized to receive additional administration of bunazosin or placebo. One hundred twenty eyes of 120 patients were thus divided into 4 subgroups of 30 patients each. Bunazosin was administered twice daily, and timolol or latanoprost was administered per label. The patients were followed up for 3 months. Responders were defined as having a reduction in intraocular pressure of greater than 2 mm Hg from baseline.RESULTS: Mean baseline intraocular pressure was 22.3 +/- 3.0 mm Hg in the bunazosin subgroup and 22.3 +/- 3.1 mm Hg in the placebo subgroup of the latanoprost arm, and 22.5 +/- 3.5 mm Hg in the bunazosin subgroup and 22.3 +/- 3.0 mm Hg in the placebo subgroup of the timolol arm. In the bunazosin subgroups of both arms, intraocular pressure was significantly reduced compared with baseline measurements (P < 0.05) with mean intraocular pressure measurement reductions of 2.1 +/- 2.4 mm Hg and 2.8 +/- 2.1 mm Hg in the latanoprost arm and 2.6 +/- 2.1 mm Hg and 2.8 +/- 2.1 mm Hg in the timolol arm at 6 and 12 weeks after the start of the follow-up, respectively. In the latanoprost group, bunazosin provided a further reduction of intraocular pressure (7.7%) at 12 weeks from that initially obtained at 2 weeks (P = 0.0377). In the placebo subgroups of the latanoprost and timolol arms, no significant change was found between at baseline and at any visit after the start of the follow-up. In the latanoprost and timolol arms, there was a significant difference in intraocular pressure and its change between the bunazosin subgroup and placebo subgroup at any visit after 4 weeks from the start of the follow-up (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Bunazosin hydrochloride 0.01% may provide an additional intraocular pressure reduction in patients already receiving latanoprost or timolol. Since adding bunazosin to eyes treated with latanoprost caused a relatively small hypotensive response at 2 weeks and provided a further reduction from 2 weeks to 12 weeks, longer than 4 weeks may be required to evaluate a clinically meaningful response to treatment. Further investigation on more cases and longer follow-up are needed.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Aged', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Latanoprost', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostaglandins F, Synthetic', 'Pupil', 'Quinazolines', 'Timolol']
| 14,704,548
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.500.587', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.500.587', 'D23.469.700.670.587'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.500', 'D23.469.700.670'], ['A09.371.060.450.780', 'A09.371.894.513.780'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['D02.033.100.624.915', 'D02.033.755.624.915', 'D02.092.063.624.915', 'D02.886.675.867.768', 'D03.383.129.708.867.768', 'D03.383.533.640.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phylogeography, geographic structure, genetic variation, and potential species boundaries in Philippine slender toads.
|
We investigated phylogeography of Philippine slender toads (genus Ansonia) and used a temporal framework for diversification, statistical tests of alternate topologies, and Bayesian approaches to test previous hypotheses concerning dispersal to, and colonization routes within, the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. Two species of Ansonia previously have been documented, with ranges separated by an east-west split corresponding to the approximate boundaries of Mindanao's paleoisland precursors. We present new mtDNA sequence data (1946 bp from genes encoding ND1, 16S rRNA and tRNALeu) for 105 Ansonia specimens sampled from 20 localities on Mindanao Island. Our data suggest that Philippine Ansonia is composed of at least eight, well-supported population lineages, structured into a minimum of four highly divergent mtDNA clades. One clade corresponds to Ansonia mcgregori, a range-restricted species apparently limited to the distal portion of the Zamboanga Peninsula of western Mindanao. Two morphologically indistinguishable, but genetically divergent, lineages possibly are undescribed cryptic species from western Mindanao. We recognize the five remaining lineages as Ansonia muelleri pending data from morphology or bioacoustics that might diagnose separate species among these lineages. Regardless of their species status, the five allopatric lineages of A. muelleri should be viewed as important genetic units for future genetic conservation planning.
|
['Animals', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Biological Evolution', 'Bufonidae', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Genetic Speciation', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genetics, Population', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Philippines', 'Phylogeny', 'Phylogeography', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 21,757,017
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.210'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.045.350', 'G16.075.350'], ['G05.365'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['Z01.252.145.671', 'Z01.639.790'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['H01.158.273.343.335.500', 'H01.277.500.589'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Rehmannia glutinosa
|
Nanomedicine, the medical application of nanotechnology, promises a seemingly limitless range of applications from drug delivery to adjuvants and therapeutics. Our current research is focused on natural polymer-based liposome adjuvants. With the aim of inducing protective and long-lasting immunity, the immunological adjuvant activity of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide liposome (RGPL) was investigated. In vivo, the splenic lymphocyte proliferation ratios and ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin G titers of ovalbumin-RGPL-vaccinated mice were significantly upregulated. In draining lymph nodes, the expression of MHC II+CD11c+ and CD86+CD11c+ was increased by RGPL; in addition, the percentages of central memory cells (TCM) and effector memory cells (TEM) were also elevated. RGPL could effectively provide adequate antigen exposure in lymph nodes. In vitro, RGPL could promote dendritic cell maturation and enhance dendritic cell functions, such as the mixed lymphocyte reaction and antigen presentation. Overall, the results demonstrated that RGPL has the potential to act as an effective controlled release vaccine adjuvant.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Antigen Presentation', 'B7-2 Antigen', 'CD11c Antigen', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Liposomes', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Ovalbumin', 'Polysaccharides', 'Rehmannia', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 28,008,254
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.119', 'G12.450.050.400.070'], ['D12.776.465.500', 'D12.776.467.150.200', 'D12.776.543.095.200', 'D23.050.301.285.200', 'D23.529.168.200'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.074.875', 'D12.776.395.550.200.275.500', 'D12.776.543.550.200.093.875', 'D12.776.543.550.200.275.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.200', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.249.500', 'D23.050.301.350.074.074', 'D23.050.301.350.275.500'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['D09.698'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.750'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disease in (B6-GIX+ X 129)F1 mice: relation to naturally occurring antibodies against murine leukemia virus-related cell surface antigens.
|
G(IX) congeneic mouse strains, C57BL/6-G(IX) (+)(B6-G(IX) (+)) and 129-G(IX) (-), have been derived from the prototype strains, B6(G(IX) (-)) and 129(G(IX) (+)). The hybrids, (B6-G(IX) (+) x 129)F(1) (G(IX) (+)F(1)) and (B6 x 129-G(IX) (-))F(1) (G(IX) (-)F(1)), differ only in regard to genetic loci controlling G(IX) antigen expression. G(IX) (+)F(1) mice spontaneously produce G(IX) antibody and often show signs of autoimmune disease and lymphoproliferative disease. G(IX) (-)F(1) mice and mice of the two parental strains (B6-G(IX) (+) and 129) of G(IX) (+)F(1) do not produce G(IX) antibody and seldom show signs of these diseases. G((ERLD)), and G((RADA1)), antibodies, natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody, and antinuclear antibodies were produced by G(IX) (+)F(1) mice. However, these four antibodies were also found in the other strains. G(IX) (+)F(1) mice develop pronounced diffuse glomerulonephritis similar to that found in systemic lupus erythematosus in man. Incidence studies in which mice were examined according to age rather than state of health showed that the lesions occurred in 38% of G(IX) (+)F(1) mice but not in G(IX) (-)F(1), B6-G(IX) (+), or 129 mice. Lymphoproliferative lesions were either reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) type A or reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH). RCS occurred more often in G(IX) (+)F(1) (38%) than in G(IX) (-)F(1) (12%) or B6-G(IX) (+) (8%). No RCS occurred in mice of the 129 strain. RLH occurred in G(IX) (+)F(1) mice (10%) but not in the other strains. From these results, the following conclusions are drawn: (i) Severe glomerulonephritis and the increased occurrence of lymphoproliferative lesions in these animals depend on the presence of G(IX) antigen; (ii) besides genes controlling G(IX) antigen expression, other genes from both parental strains are required to create the basis in the progeny F(1) mice for the development of these diseases; and (iii) the chronic production of G(IX) antibody may be necessary for the development of the severe glomerulonephritis and for the increased occurrence of lymphoproliferative diseases in G(IX) (+)F(1) mice.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Hybridization, Genetic', 'Leukemia Virus, Murine', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Lymphoproliferative Disorders', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains']
| 228,283
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A new case of Mycobacterium bovis pulmonary tuberculosis in the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) in Mauritania].
|
A case of pulmonary tuberculosis is described in a dromedary from Nouakchott (Mauritania). Gross lesions affected pulmonary parenchyma, diaphragmatic pleura, pericardium and regional lymph nodes: caseo-calcified nodules, miliary tubercles and haemorrhagic "pendeloques". Microscopically lesions were characterised by granulomatous tissue, epithelioid cells, necrotic material in the centre. No Langhans giant cells were seen. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from these samples.
|
['Animals', 'Camelus', 'Mauritania', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 1,775,689
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.190.180'], ['Z01.058.290.190.520'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.402', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.402'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Scavenging effects of baicalin on free radicals and its protection on erythrocyte membrane from free radical injury.
|
Using electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping technique, we found that baicalin (B) could scavenge hydroxyl radicals generated from Fenton reaction. It also could scavenge superoxide radicals generated from the reaction system containing xanthine (X) and xanthine oxidase (XO), as was found by using chemiluminescence (CL) method. Kinetic studies on the competition between baicalin and a spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) in trapping OH showed that baicalin had a kinetic reactive rate constant of the order of 7.7 x 10(11) M-1 s-1 in its reaction with OH, and the studies on the competition between baicalin and ferricytochrome c (f.c.) in trapping O2- gave a kinetic reactive rate constant of 3.2 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 for baicalin in its reaction with O2-. Furthermore, we have investigated the protective effects of baicalin on erythrocyte membranes from hydroxyl free radical injuries. The results showed that baicalin could reduce hydrogen peroxide-induced hemolysis, protect the conformation of sulfhydryl groups (-SH) on membrane proteins and the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes incubated with hydrogen peroxide. The results indicated that baicalin could protect the membranes of erythrocytes from free radical injuries, and it was even more effective than alpha-tocopherol.
|
['Anions', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Binding Sites', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Flavonoids', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Free Radicals', 'Hemolysis', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Iron', 'Kinetics', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Protein Conformation', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Superoxides']
| 7,549,941
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Relative biological effectiveness of intermediate energy protons. Comparisons with 60Co gamma-radiation using two cell lines.
|
Range modulated proton beams are used for radiotherapy of malignant tumours at several accelerator laboratories with the aim of introducing proton therapy as a clinical hospital-based therapy modality. Due to the finite range and the sharpness of the dose gradients, the dose to well defined target volumes can be raised without excessive irradiation of non-target tissue. The prescribed proton doses are determined in part on the basis of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the particular radiation quality. In this study, RBE values were determined for a proton beam with a maximal range of 33 mm, which corresponds to an energy of approximately 67 MeV. The range modulated depth-dose distribution, with a 20 mm extended Bragg peak, was mainly designed for high precision treatment of small targets such as uveal melanomas. The tested cell lines, LS-174T and V79-379A, were chosen because of their suitability for clonogenic assays. The cells were irradiated with single doses in the range 2-10 Gy at different depths in the extended peak region of the range modulated proton beam. RBE values were determined by comparing the doses needed to obtain the same reduction in colony formation (0.5, 0.1 and 0.01) as with the reference 60Co gamma source. The mean RBE value was 1.22 with a standard deviation of 0.08. The variations depended on both cell type and on the survival levels considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Cobalt Radioisotopes', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cricetinae', 'Gamma Rays', 'Humans', 'Protons', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Relative Biological Effectiveness', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,234,869
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['D01.268.556.185.500.354', 'D01.268.956.155.500.354', 'D01.496.239.354', 'D01.496.749.256', 'D01.552.544.185.500.354'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['N06.850.810.250.275'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A/R systems reduce delayed and denied reimbursements.
|
The day-to-day benefits of a comprehensive billing and collections system are pro-active and preventive--administrators are increasingly learning that accelerating billings hastens collections and, ultimately, facility profitability. Effective billing and collections management services work closely with the facility, matching nightly "dumps" of patient files with transcripts. This marriage of otherwise disparate data creates a billing unit that reduces errors and ensures no billable procedures are lost. Ultimately, the goal of any medical practice that engages an ASP application or outsource solution is not to sit idly by while allowing a billing company to take control of a practice's revenue stream. The ability to track the billing process from transcript submission to payment provides a facility with all information necessary to manage cash flow, revenues, and even personal and practice financial planning.
|
['Accounts Payable and Receivable', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'Insurance, Health, Reimbursement', 'Management Information Systems', 'United States']
| 17,471,813
|
[['N03.219.463.030.080'], ['E01.370.350'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.480', 'N03.219.521.710'], ['N04.452.515'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Acid ceramidase-mediated production of sphingosine 1-phosphate promotes prostate cancer invasion through upregulation of cathepsin B.
|
Invasiveness is one of the key features of aggressive prostate cancer; however, our understanding of the precise mechanisms effecting invasion remains limited. The ceramide hydrolyzing enzyme acid ceramidase (AC), overexpressed in most prostate tumors, causes an aggressive and invasive phenotype through downstream effectors that have not yet been well characterized. Here, we demonstrate that AC, through generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), promotes Ets1 nuclear expression and binding to the promoter region of matrix-degrading protease cathepsin B. Through confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, we found that AC overexpression promotes pericellular localization of cathepsin B and its translocation to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. AC overexpressing cells have an increased abundance of cathepsin B-enriched invasive structures and enhanced ability to invade through a collagen matrix, but not in the presence of an inhibitor of cathepsin B. In human prostate tissues, AC and cathepsin B overexpression were strongly associated and may relate to poor outcome. These results demonstrate a novel pathway by which AC, through S1P, promotes an invasive phenotype in prostate cancer by causing overexpression and secretion of cathepsin B through activation and nuclear expression of Ets1. As prostate cancer prognosis is dramatically worse when invasion has occurred, this study provides critical insight into the progression toward lethal prostate cancer.
|
['Acid Ceramidase', 'Cathepsin B', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Movement', 'Humans', 'Lysophospholipids', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1', 'Sphingosine', 'Up-Regulation']
| 22,322,590
|
[['D08.811.277.087.250.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.224.125', 'D08.811.277.656.262.500.133', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.133'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.550'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D12.776.260.665.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.175.100', 'D12.776.930.720.100'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Cytological picture of the cerebrospinal fluid and the neuropathological changes in the central nervous system in acute leukemia in adults].
|
Twenty-one patients with acute leukaemias were studied carrying out cytological investigations of the cerebrospinal fluid and then postmortem neuropathological examinations. The aim of the study was a comparison of these results. No correlation was demonstrated between CSF changes and the extent and location of leukaemic infiltrates in the meninges and the brain. In cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage the intensity of CSF changes was proportional to the extent of subarachnoid haemorrhage but was independent of its location.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cerebellar Neoplasms', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Pia Mater']
| 6,961,294
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.614.250.195.411.211', 'C10.228.140.211.500.200', 'C10.228.140.252.200', 'C10.551.240.250.400.300'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A12.207.270.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.186.566.731']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic and functional analyses of FH mutations in multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cancer, and fumarate hydratase deficiency.
|
Germline mutations of the fumarate hydratase (FH, fumarase) gene are found in the recessive FH deficiency syndrome and in dominantly inherited susceptibility to multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis (MCUL). We have previously reported a number of germline FH mutations from MCUL patients. In this study, we report additional FH mutations in MCUL and FH deficiency patients. Mutations can readily be found in about 75% of MCUL cases and most cases of FH deficiency. Some of the more common FH mutations are probably derived from founding individuals. Protein-truncating FH mutations are functionally null alleles. Disease-associated missense FH changes map to highly conserved residues, mostly in or around the enzyme's active site or activation site; we predict that these mutations severely compromise enzyme function. The mutation spectra in FH deficiency and MCUL are similar, although in the latter mutations tend to occur earlier in the gene and, perhaps, are more likely to result in a truncated or absent protein. We have found that not all mutation-carrier parents of FH deficiency children have a strong predisposition to leiomyomata. We have confirmed that renal carcinoma is sometimes part of MCUL, as part of the variant hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cancer (HLRCC) syndrome, and have shown that these cancers may have either type II papillary or collecting duct morphology. We have found no association between the type or site of FH mutation and any aspect of the MCUL phenotype. Biochemical assay for reduced FH functional activity in the germline of MCUL patients can indicate carriers of FH mutations with high sensitivity and specificity, and can detect reduced FH activity in some patients without detectable FH mutations. We conclude that MCUL is probably a genetically homogeneous tumour predisposition syndrome, primarily resulting from absent or severely reduced fumarase activity, with currently unknown functional consequences for the smooth muscle or kidney cell.
|
['Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Female', 'Fumarate Hydratase', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Leiomyomatosis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Protein Conformation', 'RNA Stability', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 12,761,039
|
[['C16.320.565.100', 'C18.452.648.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.300'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.365.590.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['C04.557.450.590.450.465'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.780'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accelerated hypertension caused by severe phimosis.
|
A 16 year old boy presented with accelerated hypertension and urinary tract obstruction caused by phimosis. Relief of the obstruction by circumcision reversed the hypertension. We believe that accelerated hypertension secondary to phimosis has not previously been described.
|
['Adolescent', 'Atenolol', 'Blood Pressure', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Nifedipine', 'Phimosis', 'Urination Disorders']
| 1,597,850
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.070', 'D02.033.755.624.698.070', 'D02.092.063.624.698.070'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['C12.294.494.684'], ['C12.777.934', 'C13.351.968.934']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Development of a preference-based index from the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25.
|
IMPORTANCE: Understanding how individuals value health states is central to patient-centered care and to health policy decision making. Generic preference-based measures of health may not effectively capture the impact of ocular diseases. Recently, 6 items from the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 were used to develop the Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index health state classification, which defines visual function health states.OBJECTIVE: To describe elicitation of preferences for health states generated from the Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index health state classification and development of an algorithm to estimate health preference scores for any health state.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Nonintervention, cross-sectional study of the general community in 4 countries (Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and United States). A total of 607 adult participants were recruited from local newspaper advertisements. In the United Kingdom, an existing database of participants from previous studies was used for recruitment.INTERVENTIONS: Eight of 15,625 possible health states from the Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index were valued using time trade-off technique.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A è severity score was calculated for Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index-defined health states using item response theory analysis. Regression models were then used to develop an algorithm to assign health state preference values for all potential health states defined by the Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index.RESULTS: Health state preference values for the 8 states ranged from a mean (SD) of 0.343 (0.395) to 0.956 (0.124). As expected, preference values declined with worsening visual function. Results indicate that the Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index describes states that participants view as spanning most of the continuum from full health to dead.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index health state classification produces health preference scores that can be estimated in vision-related studies that include the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25. These preference scores may be of value for estimating utilities in economic and health policy analyses.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'National Eye Institute (U.S.)', 'Quality of Life', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Sickness Impact Profile', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States', 'Visual Acuity']
| 24,435,696
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496.200', 'N03.540.052.750.200', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496.200'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.730', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.730', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.730'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Targeting PI3Kä function for amelioration of murine chronic graft-versus-host disease.
|
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following allotransplant. Activated donor effector T cells can differentiate into pathogenic T helper (Th)-17 cells and germinal center (GC)-promoting T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, resulting in cGVHD. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-ä (PI3Kä), a lipid kinase, is critical for activated T cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. We demonstrate PI3Kä activity in donor T cells that become Tfh cells is required for cGVHD in a nonsclerodermatous multiorgan system disease model that includes bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), dependent upon GC B cells, Tfhs, and counterbalanced by T follicular regulatory cells, each requiring PI3Kä signaling for function and survival. Although B cells rely on PI3Kä pathway signaling and GC formation is disrupted resulting in a substantial decrease in Ig production, PI3Kä kinase-dead mutant donor bone marrow-derived GC B cells still supported BO cGVHD generation. A PI3Kä-specific inhibitor, compound GS-649443, that has superior potency to idelalisib while maintaining selectivity, reduced cGVHD in mice with active disease. In a Th1-dependent and Th17-associated scleroderma model, GS-649443 effectively treated mice with active cGVHD. These data provide a foundation for clinical trials of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved PI3Kä inhibitors for cGVHD therapy in patients.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Bronchiolitis Obliterans', 'Chronic Disease', 'Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors', 'Scleroderma, Localized', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer']
| 30,748,099
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C08.127.446.135.140', 'C08.381.495.146.135.140'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500.100.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.500.200.100', 'D12.776.476.162'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C20.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['D27.505.519.389.736'], ['C17.300.787', 'C17.800.767'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Brief treatments with forskolin enhance s-phase entry in balance epithelia from the ears of rats.
|
In the ears of mammals, hair cell loss results in permanent hearing and balance deficits, whereas in fish, amphibians, and birds, the production of replacement hair cells can restore those modalities. In avian ears, continuous exposures to forskolin trigger cell proliferation and the regeneration of hair cells, so we investigated the effect of forskolin on sensory epithelia cultured from the ears of mammals. Continuous 72 hr exposures to forskolin failed to induce proliferation in neonatal rat utricles, but brief (</=1 hr) exposures to forskolin or Br-cAMP did. Proliferation occurred only in media that contained serum. Forskolin also augmented the mitogenic effects of glial growth factor 2. The S-phase entry induced by forskolin was blocked by monensin and bafilomycin, two compounds that can inhibit the recycling of membrane receptors. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that in mammalian vestibular epithelia elevated cAMP induces S-phase entry by increasing the number of growth factor receptors at the plasma membrane.
|
['8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colforsin', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Hair Cells, Vestibular', 'Ionophores', 'Macrolides', 'Monensin', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neuregulin-1', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'S Phase', 'Saccule and Utricle']
| 11,157,083
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.225', 'D13.695.462.200.225', 'D13.695.667.138.395.225', 'D13.695.827.068.395.225'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A11.436'], ['A08.675.650.395', 'A08.675.650.915.750.600.675', 'A08.800.950.750.600.675', 'A09.246.300.909.625.125.340', 'A11.671.650.395', 'A11.671.650.915.750.600.675'], ['D27.505.519.562.374', 'D27.720.395'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['D03.383.312.600'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.276.860.550.750', 'D12.776.467.860.550.750', 'D12.776.631.600.550.750', 'D23.529.850.550.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.225.880', 'G04.144.500.800', 'G05.226.880'], ['A09.246.300.909.625']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression profiling defines a recurrence signature in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
|
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Overall 5-year survival is approximately 10-15% and despite curative intent surgery, treatment failure is primarily due to recurrent disease. Conventional prognostic markers are unable to determine which patients with completely resected disease within each stage group are likely to relapse. To identify a gene signature associated with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung, we analyzed primary tumor gene expression for a total of 51 SCCs (Stages I-III) on 22 323 element microarrays, comparing expression profiles for individuals who remained disease-free for a minimum of 36 months with those from individuals whose disease recurred within 18 months of complete resection. Cox proportional hazards modeling with leave-one-out cross-validation identified a 71-gene signature capable of predicting the likelihood of tumor recurrence and a 79-gene signature predictive for cancer-related death. These two signatures were pooled to generate a 111-gene signature which achieved an overall predictive accuracy for disease recurrence of 72% (77% sensitivity, 67% specificity) in an independent set of 58 (Stages I-III SCCs). This signature also predicted differences in survival [log-rank P=0.0008; hazard ratio (HR), 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6-8.7], and was superior to conventional prognostic markers such as TNM stage or N stage in predicting patient outcome. Genome-wide profiling has revealed a distinct gene-expression profile for recurrent lung SCC which may be clinically useful as a prognostic tool.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Recurrence', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,082,175
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of Bax-voltage-dependent anion channel 1 complexes in digitonin-solubilized cerebellar granule neurons.
|
Mitochondrial outer membrane Bax oligomers are critical for cytochrome c release, but the role of resident mitochondrial proteins in this process remains unclear. Membrane-associated Bax has primarily been studied using 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) as the solubilizing agent, as it does not induce conformational artifacts, although recent evidence indicates it may have other artifactual effects. The objective of this study was to investigate digitonin as an alternative detergent to assess Bax oligomeric state, and possible interaction with voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1 in cerebellar granule neurons. VDAC1 co-immunoprecipitated with Bax in digitonin extracts from healthy and apoptotic neurons. Two-dimensional blue native-SDS-PAGE revealed five Bax and VDAC1 oligomers having similar masses from 120 to 500 kDa. The levels of two VDAC1 oligomers in Bax 1D1 immunodepleted extracts negatively correlated with levels of co-precipitated VDAC1, indicating the co-precipitated VDAC1 was derived from these oligomers. Immunodepletion with the 6A7 antibody modestly reduced the levels of Bax oligomers from apoptotic but not healthy neurons. A sixth 170 kDa oligomer containing exclusively 6A7 Bax and no VDAC1 was identified after apoptosis induction. CHAPS failed to solubilize VDAC1, and additionally yielded no distinct oligomers. We conclude that digitonin is a potentially useful detergent preserving Bax-VDAC1 interactions that may be disrupted with CHAPS.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cerebellar Cortex', 'Cholic Acids', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Digitonin', 'Neurons', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Solubility', 'Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 21,951,169
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212'], ['D04.210.500.105.225', 'D04.210.500.221.430'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.236', 'D09.408.180.261.236'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.805'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.500.520.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730.520.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730.520.500', 'D12.776.543.585.475.750', 'D12.776.575.750.750'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sinusitis as an emergency.
|
The manifestations of diseases of the paranasal sinuses that may present as acute emergency situations and the more common complications of these diseases are briefly reviewed with suggestions for initial evaluation therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cavernous Sinus', 'Child', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Drainage', 'Emergencies', 'Ethmoid Sinus', 'Frontal Sinus', 'Humans', 'Maxillary Sinus', 'Radiography', 'Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial', 'Sinusitis']
| 460,884
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Free space optical link for biomedical applications.
|
Free space optics is an interesting alternative for telemetry with medical implants, due to the high data bandwidths available at optical frequencies. Especially implanted brain-computer interfaces gives rise to large data sets that needs to be transmitted transcutaneous. In this paper we show that it is possible to establish such a link at near-IR wavelengths using a modulated reflector in the implant, thus keeping the laser and the detector on the outside. In addition, we show that it will not only work on short, i.e. touch, distances but also at larger distances, in the range of a meter. We have used an electro absorption modulator to modulate the reflection of an external laser source back towards an external detector. The only part of this system that needs to be implanted is the modulator and drive electronics. The study has been done both by Monte-Carlo simulations of a multi-layer model of a rat skull, and with an experiment demonstrating the feasibility of the link when transmitted through biological tissue. The results show that it is possible to establish a transcutaneous link with an external laser source and light detector, and an internal modulated reflector.
|
['Animals', 'Biomedical Technology', 'Computer Simulation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mice', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Rats', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena']
| 23,366,228
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.897.120.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750'], ['G13.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Osteogenic differentiation strategies for adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
|
Adipose stem cell preparations, either obtained as a freshly isolated so-called stromal vascular fraction (SVF) or as cells cultured to homogeneity and then referred to as adipose stem cells (ASCs), have found widespread use in a broad variety of studies on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, including bone repair.For newcomers within the field, but also for established research laboratories having up to 10 years of expertise in this research area, it may be convenient to strive for, and use consensus protocols (1) for studying the osteogenic differentiation potential of ASC preparations in vitro, and (2) for osteogenic induction regimes for in vivo implementation. To assist in achieving this goal, this chapter describes various step-by-step osteogenic differentiation protocols for adipose-derived stem cell populations (SVF as well as ASCs) currently applied within our laboratory, with particular emphasis on protocols aimed at intra-operative use. The protocols describe the use of inducing compounds, including the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3, and polyamines, as well as methods and parameters for evaluating the level of differentiation achieved.We would appreciate receiving feedback on the protocols described; this will facilitate the development of consensus protocols, which in turn will allow better comparison of data sets generated by different research groups. This continuing standardization, which might be reported on at international meetings like those of IFATS ( http://www.IFATS.org ), might be of benefit for the whole ASC research community.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Anthraquinones', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7', 'Calcitriol', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'Goats', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Osteogenesis', 'Osteonectin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Spermine', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 21,082,406
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159', 'D02.806.100', 'D04.615.117.159'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200.200', 'D23.529.942.200.200'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.700', 'D12.776.467.942.200.700', 'D23.529.942.200.700'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.395.700.675', 'D12.776.744.527', 'D12.776.860.300.562'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D12.776.157.125.715', 'D12.776.395.600'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801.821', 'D02.092.782.802'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optimum replacement dose of thyroid hormone assessed by highly sensitive TSH determination in patients with congenital hypothyroidism.
|
Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured in 100 samples from 25 patients with congenital hypothyroidism who were clinically well while receiving L-T4 therapy. Thyroxine concentrations were significantly higher than those of controls (p less than 0.01), while triiodothyronine was not significantly different. These samples were divided into four groups according to serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations as measured by highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA-TSH). Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were compared among groups. The replacement dose of L-T4 and serum thyroid hormone in groups with undetectable IRMA-TSH were significantly higher than those in groups with normal or increased IRMA-TSH. These results show that serum thyroxine concentrations increase in most patients with congenital hypothyroidism on L-T4 therapy. Therefore, thyroxine concentrations above normal are not necessarily of clinical significance if IRMA-TSH is detectable. Undetectable IRMA-TSH might indicate the necessity for a reduction in the L-T4 replacement dose in patients with congenital hypothyroidism.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Congenital Hypothyroidism', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Thyrotropin', 'Thyroxine', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 3,215,142
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C05.116.099.343.347', 'C05.116.132.256', 'C16.320.240.625', 'C19.297.155', 'C19.874.482.281'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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