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Quantifying intersectionality: An important advancement for health inequality research.
|
BACKGROUND: Intersectionality is a powerful theoretical framework that is useful in describing the lived experiences of people with multiple marginalized statuses. By focusing on power and domination (e.g., racism, sexism), and the ways in which they are inextricably linked and mutually constructing, researchers can better understand experiences of all people, not just those with one or more master statuses. This framework is valuable in understanding how discrimination relates to health and in attempts to reduce health disparities.RATIONALE: Population health researchers have only recently begun to consider intersectionality in their theories and measurement (Bowleg, 2012), and have been hindered by the challenges of measuring and analyzing experiences of discrimination in intersectional ways. We need new methodological strategies to enable empirical research to catch up with theoretical advances.CONCLUSIONS: The pair of articles in this issue by Scheim and Bauer (2019), and Bauer and Scheim (2019), offer important new data collection instruments and data analytic strategies to advance our ability to measure discrimination intersectionally. When using these new tools, it is important to not lose track of the origins and historical underpinnings of intersectionality and to focus on the transformative goal of intersectionality to eradicate inequality.
|
['Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans']
| 30,733,077
|
[['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Stability of analytes related to clinical chemistry and bone metabolism in blood specimens after delayed processing.
|
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the stability of 36 analytes related to clinical chemistry in a controlled storage study.DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood was collected from 11 subjects and was maintained for 45 min, 2.5 h, 5 h, or 24 h after phlebotomy before centrifugation.RESULTS: Statistically significant changes were observed only for parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, zinc, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and homocysteine.CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that many analytes in clinical chemistry are stable for 24 h before centrifugation.
|
['Bone and Bones', 'Centrifugation', 'Chemistry, Clinical', 'Humans', 'Osteocalcin', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Phlebotomy', 'Pyridoxal Phosphate', 'Specimen Handling', 'Time Factors']
| 19,250,930
|
[['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E05.181'], ['H01.181.341'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.125.700'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['E01.370.225.998.110.625', 'E02.800.558', 'E04.665.150.625', 'E05.200.998.110.625'], ['D03.383.725.676.925.500.500', 'D08.211.740'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Recent surgical treatments for urinary stone disease in a Korean population: National population-based study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To provide surgical treatment trends for urinary stone disease in Korea.METHODS: We analyzed medical service claim data of surgical treatments to urinary stone disease submitted by medical service providers from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2009 to 2016.RESULTS: There was a significantly increasing trend among outpatients and inpatients for urinary stone disease from 2009 to 2016 (R2 = 0.643, P = 0.017; R2 = 0.575, P = 0.029). The number of shock wave lithotripsy for treating urinary stone disease increased by 16% from 89 553 in 2009 to 104 013 in 2016 (R2 = 0.684). The number of ureteroscopic lithotripsy increased by 97% from 6106 in 2009 to 12 057 in 2016 (R2 = 0.99). The number of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy increased by 16-fold from 219 in 2009 to 3712 in 2016 (R2 = 0.756). The number of percutaneous nephrolithotomy increased by 99.7% from 919 in 2009 to 1835 in 2016 (R2 = 0.987). The use of non-contrast and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the diagnostic codes for urinary stone disease increased by 394.8% and 263.3% from 2009 to 2016, respectively (R2 = 0.83; R2 = 0.967). Conversely, the use of intravenous pyelography decreased 26.2% over the same period (R2 = 0.945).CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient and inpatient procedures for urinary stone disease have increased over the past 8 years in Korea. Shock wave lithotripsy is the most widely used treatment modality for urinary stone disease, and endoscopic surgical procedures are rapidly being implemented. There has been a steep increase in the use of computed tomography, whereas conventional intravenous pyelography is declining.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Lithotripsy', 'Male', 'Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous', 'Republic of Korea', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ureteroscopy', 'Urolithiasis']
| 30,803,067
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E02.600', 'E04.943.500'], ['E04.502.250.520.790', 'E04.950.774.638'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.388.250.920', 'E01.370.390.800', 'E04.502.250.920', 'E04.950.774.840'], ['C12.777.967', 'C13.351.968.967']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The effects of antigen dose and adjuvant on the antibody response; amplification of restricted B cell clones.
|
Anti-DNP antibody production in inbred strain 2 guinea pigs immunized with chemically defined DNP-oligolysines was enhanced by increasing the antigen dose or employing more potent adjuvants. However, the increase in antibody titer was not accompanied by an increase in antibody heterogeneity. Only a small number of anti-DNP antibody-producing B lymphocyte clones were triggered to produce antibody, regardless of the antigen dose or the adjuvant used for immunization or the resulting specific antibody titer. This restricted response occurred despirte the capacity of these animals to synthesize a large number of distinct anti-DNP antibodies and of DNP-oligolysines to bind all these antibodies. These observations are inconsistent with the hypothesis that adjuvant and increased antigen dose enhance antibody titer by recruitment of more diverse precursor B cells (clonal recruitment), but support the hypothesis that adjuvant and increased antigen dose act by enhancing the expansion of a restricted few B lymphocyte clones (clonal expansion).
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antigens', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'BCG Vaccine', 'Clone Cells', 'Cross Reactions', "Freund's Adjuvant", 'Guinea Pigs', 'Immunization', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'Nitrobenzenes', 'Polylysine', 'Time Factors']
| 774,983
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['D23.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D20.215.894.135.825.100'], ['A11.251.353'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D20.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.402', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.402'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565', 'D02.640.529'], ['D12.125.068.555.750', 'D12.125.095.647.750', 'D12.644.760'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[A rare manifestation of sarcoidosis].
|
This article reports the case of a 14-year-old boy who was presented in the case conference with symptoms of decreased visual acuity, scintillating scotomas and photophobia. Physical examination revealed right facial paralysis, parotid gland swelling, high fever and poor general condition. Ophthalmoscopy revealed anterior and posterior uveitis including macular edema and chorioretinal infiltrates. Angiography revealed a dense pattern of hyperfluorescent lesions and these observations resulted in the diagnosis of Heerfordt syndrome. Under systemic prednisolone therapy, symptoms were reduced and visual acuity recovered.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prednisolone', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Uveoparotid Fever']
| 22,565,854
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['C15.604.515.827'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C15.604.515.827.865']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Surface antibacterial properties of resin and resin-modified dental cements.
|
OBJECTIVE: Cements possessing antibacterial properties may reduce bacteria-induced fixed partial denture complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of 4 dental cements using the direct contact test (DCT) and the agar diffusion test (ADT).METHOD AND MATERIALS: The ADT was performed using mitis salivarius agar plates. Each plate was evenly inoculated with freshly grown mutans streptococci. Two samples of each test material-RelyX ARC, Variolink II, GC FujiCEM, and Principle-were placed, and the inhibition halo obtained was measured after 48 hours. For the DCT, 8 samples were placed on the sidewalls of wells in a 96-well microtiter plate. After polymerization, freshly grown Streptococcus mutans cells (1 X 10(6)) were placed on the surface of each sample for 1 hour at 37 degrees C. Fresh medium was then added to each well, and bacterial growth was followed for 16 hours in a temperature-controlled spectrophotometer. Similarly prepared samples were aged in phosphate-buffered saline for 1 or 7 days and the DCT was repeated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparisons were applied to the data.RESULTS: In the ADT, GC FujiCEM showed an inhibition zone of 2.0 +/- 0.3 mm, and Principle showed an inhibition zone of 1.2 +/- 0.2 mm. In the DCT, freshly polymerized samples of GC FujiCEM and Principle exhibited potent antibacterial properties, while samples of Variolink II and RelyX ARC showed moderate antibacterial properties. Principle showed some antibacterial properties even after 1 day (P < .001).CONCLUSION: None of the tested cements in this study possesses long-term antibacterial properties.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Compomers', 'Glass Ionomer Cements', 'Resin Cements', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Streptococcus mutans']
| 17,216,909
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D05.750.716.822.308.300', 'D25.339.291.150', 'D25.339.816.500.300', 'D25.720.716.822.308.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.150', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500.300', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308.300'], ['D25.339.291.402', 'J01.637.051.339.291.402'], ['D05.750.716.822.730', 'D25.339.291.750', 'D25.720.716.822.730', 'J01.637.051.339.291.750', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.730'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Single-dose and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of intravenous and intramuscular HPâCD-diclofenac (Dyloject) compared with other diclofenac formulations.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) and dose proportionality of hydroxypropyl-â-cyclodextrin (HPâCD)-diclofenac compared with Voltarol after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration.DESIGN: Study 1: Single-dose randomized four-way crossover study. Study 2: Multiple-dose randomized three-way crossover study.SETTING: Clinical research center.SUBJECTS: Healthy adult volunteers.INTERVENTION: Study 1: Subjects received HPâCD-diclofenac and Voltarol, IV and IM, with a 5-day washout between treatment periods. Study 2: Subjects received two doses of IV HPâCD-diclofenac and oral Cataflam once every 6 hours for four doses with a 48-hour washout period between treatment periods.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Study 1: IV HPâCD-diclofenac had a higher peak plasma concentration (Cmax ) and earlier time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax ), but equivalent plasma exposure (area under the curve from time zero to t [AUC0-t ]) to IV Voltarol. The geometric mean ratio of HPâCD-diclofenac (IV) to Voltarol (IV) for AUC0-t was 106.27%. The geometric mean ratio of HPâCD-diclofenac (IM) to Voltarol (IM) for AUC0-t was 110.91%. The geometric mean ratio of HPâCD-diclofenac (IV) to HPâCD-diclofenac (IM) for AUC0-t was 101.25%. The geometric mean ratio of HPâCD-diclofenac (IM) to Voltarol (IV) for AUC0-t was 104.96%. Study 2: Cmax for diclofenac was 2904 and 6031 ng/ml after the first IV dose of 18.75 and 37.5 mg HPâCD-diclofenac, respectively, and was 3090 and 5617 ng/ml after the fourth dose, indicating no accumulation. Plasma exposures to 18.75 mg (866 ng·hour/ml) and 37.5 mg (1843 ng·hour/ml) IV HPâCD-diclofenac bracketed that of oral Cataflam 50 mg (1473 ng·hour/ml).CONCLUSIONS: Study 1: Bioavailability in terms of AUC after IV administration was equivalent for HPâCD-diclofenac compared with Voltarol and after IM administration of HPâCD-diclofenac and Voltarol. Bioavailability in terms of AUC after IM administration of HPâCD-diclofenac was equivalent to IV administration of HPâCD-diclofenac and IV administration of Voltarol. Study 2: HPâCD-diclofenac showed dose proportionality after single- and multiple-dose administration and no accumulation of HPâCD-diclofenac. HPâCD-diclofenac was safe and well tolerated following IV and IM administration.
|
['2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin', 'Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Area Under Curve', 'Biological Availability', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Diclofenac', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Excipients', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Male', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 23,744,759
|
[['D04.345.103.333.500', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333.500', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333.500'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['D02.241.223.601.210'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The value of treatment planning using CT and an immobilizing shell in radiotherapy for paranasal sinus carcinomas.
|
This article describes a method which uses CT scans and immobilizing shells radiation treatment planning (CT-assisted planning) for paranasal sinus carcinomas and the value of this method on the treatment outcome. Results of the treatment for 82 patients who had CT-assisted planning were compared with that of 88 patients who had no such treatment planning. It has been concluded that the combined use of CT and the shell in treatment planning permitted a 3-dimensional localization of both the tumor and critical normal structures with great accuracy, leading to an improved long-term survival and a reduced complication rate. The multivariate regression analysis for predicting significant prognostic factors also confirmed the valuable role of CT in terms of survival and primary tumor control. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 51% in all patients, whereas, by using CT-assisted planning, it was improved to 61%. The improved survival was observed among the patients with tumors of the suprastructures where tumors were located adjacent to the critical organs (brain and eye). Major complications attributable to radiation have included instances of brain and ocular damage. CT-assisted planning, however, has been proven effective in avoiding brain necrosis and preserving eye sight.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immobilization', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 2,912,946
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.472'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.665.650.693', 'C08.460.669.693', 'C08.460.692.503', 'C08.785.600.693', 'C09.603.669.693', 'C09.603.692.503', 'C09.647.685.693'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E02.815.635', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Chondroma adjacent to Meckel's cave mimicking a fifth cranial nerve neurinoma. A case report].
|
Cranial chondromas are tumours arising from chondrocyte embryonic remnants cells that usually appear in the skull base synchondrosis. In contrast to the rest of the organism, where chondroid tumours are the most common primary bone tumour just behind the haematopoietic lineage ones, they are a rarity at cranial level, with an incidence of less than 1% of intracranial tumours. The case is reported on a 42 year-old male referred to our clinic due to the finding of an extra-axial lesion located close to the Meckel's cave region, with extension to the posterior fossa and brainstem compression after progressive paraparesis of 6 months onset. With the diagnosis of trigeminal schwannoma, a subtotal tumour resection was performed using a combined supra-infratentorial pre-sigmoidal approach. The postoperative histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis of cranial chondroma.
|
['Adult', 'Chondroma', 'Cranial Nerve Neoplasms', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurilemmoma', 'Skull Base', 'Skull Neoplasms', 'Trigeminal Nerve Diseases']
| 26,944,382
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.450.565.265'], ['C04.588.614.300', 'C04.588.614.596.240', 'C10.292.225', 'C10.551.360', 'C10.551.775.250'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.595', 'C04.557.580.600.610.595', 'C04.557.580.625.650.595'], ['A01.456.830', 'A02.835.232.781.750'], ['C04.588.149.721', 'C05.116.231.754'], ['C07.465.299.625.500', 'C10.292.319.625.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Precise diagnosis of infection in burn wound biopsy specimens. Combination of histologic technique, acridine orange staining, and culture.
|
This study developed a rapid manual histologic technique on burn wound biopsy specimens for an early diagnosis of infection. A total of 86 biopsy specimens were processed using this rapid manual method, acridine orange fluorescent staining for the detection of microorganisms, and a quantitative culture for the identification and counting of bacteria in adjacent homogenized biopsy specimens. Use of these three techniques has shown their complementarity for the evaluation of sepsis in burn wound patients. The histologic study allowed a classification of the depth of bacterial involvement 4 hours after specimen collection, whereas the acridine orange fluorescent staining was useful for quantitative evaluation of infection in the same delay. Thus a rapid therapeutic decision can be made while waiting for the results of quantitative culture and sensitivity tests, which require 24 to 48 hours. We propose routine monitoring of burned patients consisting of these three tests performed simultaneously on each biopsy specimen.
|
['Acridine Orange', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Biopsy', 'Burns', 'Histological Techniques', 'Humans', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Time Factors', 'Wound Infection']
| 2,473,075
|
[['D03.633.300.046.250.150'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C26.200'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.947']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effectiveness of India ink as a long-term colonic mucosal marker.
|
We prospectively studied the use of India ink as a long-term or "permanent" mucosal marker as part of a study investigating the natural history of diminutive distal colorectal polyps. Twenty-six patients had 32 India ink tatoos implanted. The tatoo sites of the 19 patients who were followed at least 6 months continued to display intensely stained mucosa at the original sites. No side effects or complications were encountered. India ink appears to be a safe and effective long-term marker for colonic mucosal lesions.
|
['Carbon', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Coloring Agents', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestinal Polyps', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Sigmoid Neoplasms', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 1,370,188
|
[['D01.268.150'], ['C23.300.825.411.235'], ['D27.720.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['C23.300.825.411'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180.800', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180.800', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180.800', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180.800', 'C06.405.469.158.850.850', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180.800'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Myelinization of the optic nerve in the albino mouse (the Agnes Bluhm Jena-Halle strain)].
|
Knowledge of normal differentiations is indispensable for interpreting developmental disturbances in animal experiments. Accordingly, the investigations described in the present paper were aimed at explaining the process of myelinization of the optic nerve in the domestic mouse breed Agnes Bluhm Jena-Halle. First signs of myelin sheath formation can be seen on the sixth and seventh day post partum. The myelin sheath grew considerably up to the 20th day of life; under light microscopic examination this process was seen to end on approximately the 30th day post partum. Electron-microscopic examination provided proof that myelinization is effected by the oligodendrocytes. This process of differentiation continues even in the adult animal, though on a very small scale.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Axons', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Oligodendroglia', 'Optic Nerve']
| 6,645,270
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G04.152'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600'], ['A08.800.800.120.680']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pre-admission education in surgical rheumatology nursing: towards greater patient empowerment.
|
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study compared the pre-admission education received by two groups of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients scheduled for hip arthroplasty. The specific aim was to compare these patients' knowledge about care-related issues and sense of certainty about that knowledge, empowering learning experience, length of admission discussion, length of hospital stay and number of health problems.BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that surgical pre-admission education is beneficial, but there is no evidence on the relative effectiveness of different methods of education.DESIGN: We used a pre-post-test design with two groups of surgical RA patients (Group I pre-admission education via telephone and standard written educational material, n = 29; Group II standard written educational material, n = 30).METHODS: The data were collected with previously used instruments (OPKQ, MEQ), and demographic and clinical variables were asked.RESULTS: The mean score for knowledge about care-related issues and sense of certainty about that knowledge for Group I and for Group II showed no statistically significant differences at baseline and at admission. At discharge, however, a significant difference was seen between the scores--in favour of Group II. On the other hand, patients in Group I were found to be more empowered in all areas than patients in Group II.CONCLUSIONS: Written educational material seems to be a good choice for pre-admission patient education compared with telephone counselling, particularly when patients are knowledgeable about care-related issues before admission. However, education via telephone is experienced by patients as more empowering than written educational material.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: To increase patient's knowledge written educational material can be recommended for use, but to increase patient's empowerment telephone education is better.
|
['Aged', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', "Nurse's Role", 'Osteoarthritis, Hip', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Perioperative Nursing', 'Power, Psychological', 'Preoperative Care', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 21,040,004
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['C05.550.114.606.400', 'C05.799.613.400'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E02.760.731.500', 'H02.478.676.650', 'N02.421.533.710', 'N02.421.585.722.500'], ['F01.658.780'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Promotion of activated human B cell apoptosis and inhibition of Ig production by soluble CD95 ligand: CD95-based downregulation of Ig production need not culminate in activated B cell death.
|
CD95/CD95L interactions are vital to normal lymphoid homeostasis and in the protection against autoimmunity. To directly assess the effects of CD95L on activated B cell survival and Ig responses, purified human peripheral blood B cells, activated in vitro with SAC + rIL2, were incubated with a soluble CD95L fusion protein (fp) and assayed for apoptosis and IgG/IgM production. CD95L fp reproducibly increased apoptosis of these activated B cells and inhibited their Ig production. However, CD95L fp-mediated effects on activated B cell survival could be uncoupled from those on Ig production in that a soluble CD40L fp was incapable of reversing CD95L fp-mediated downregulation of Ig responses despite inhibiting CD95L fp-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, despite the specific caspase-8 inhibitor z-IETD-fmk substantially protecting transformed CL-01 B cells from CD95L fp-mediated apoptosis and permitting their ongoing proliferation, caspase-8 inhibition had no protective effects on CD95L fp-mediated inhibition of constitutive IgM production by CL-01 B cells. Collectively, these results point to a CD95-based downregulatory pathway in activated B cells that need not necessarily culminate in their death.
|
['ADP-ribosyl Cyclase', 'ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1', 'Annexin A5', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, CD20', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Apoptosis', 'B-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Separation', 'Cell Survival', 'Down-Regulation', 'Fas Ligand Protein', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'NAD+ Nucleosidase', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Solubility', 'fas Receptor']
| 10,915,556
|
[['D08.811.277.450.430.400.060', 'D08.811.913.400.725.115.660.060'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.400.060.500', 'D12.776.543.550.045'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.120', 'D23.050.301.264.051.120', 'D23.101.100.110.120', 'D23.101.100.150.120'], ['D23.050.301.264', 'D23.101.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.063.438.450', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.450', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.450', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.200', 'A15.382.032.438.450', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.300', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.450'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['G04.346'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.249', 'D12.776.395.550.312', 'D12.776.467.374.750.249', 'D12.776.543.550.312', 'D23.529.374.750.249'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.400', 'D08.811.913.400.725.115.660'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.805'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection and discrimination of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri based on vacuolar responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
This study provided a system for bacteria detection based on a lysosome-like-vacuole response in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vacuoles are factors known to activate the immune system in the presence of foreign substances. Here, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri were exposed to yeast to analyze the alteration of vacuolar enzymes. The ability to detect the bacteria was evaluated by confocal microscopy after exposing and staining vacuoles with LysoTracker. Results showed that the treatment of yeast with these bacteria increased the number of red vacuole-like organelles surrounding yeast nuclei. Thus, vacuole alteration can be used as a biomarker for bacteria detection. Next, the expression of vacuolar enzymes under the influence of bacteria was examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) method for screening specific biomarkers for each Shigella strain. Finally, the recombinant yeasts that contained biomarkers fused to different fluorescent proteins confirmed the ability of yeast to detect these two Shigella strains at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 CFU/mL.
|
['Amines', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Biomarkers', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Shigella flexneri', 'Shigella sonnei', 'Vacuoles']
| 30,261,194
|
[['D02.092'], ['D12.776.097'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['B03.440.450.425.850.450', 'B03.660.250.150.730.210'], ['B03.440.450.425.850.800', 'B03.660.250.150.730.710'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Access to care for patients with time-sensitive conditions in Pennsylvania.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Collective knowledge and coordination of vital interventions for time-sensitive conditions (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI], stroke, cardiac arrest, and septic shock) could contribute to a comprehensive statewide emergency care system, but little is known about population access to the resources required. We seek to describe existing clinical management strategies for time-sensitive conditions in Pennsylvania hospitals.METHODS: All Pennsylvania emergency departments (EDs) open in 2009 were surveyed about resource availability and practice patterns for time-sensitive conditions. The frequency with which EDs provided essential clinical bundles for each condition was assessed. Penalized maximum likelihood regressions were used to evaluate associations between ED characteristics and the presence of the 4 clinical bundles of care. We used geographic information science to calculate 60-minute ambulance access to the nearest facility with these clinical bundles.RESULTS: The percentage of EDs providing each of the 4 clinical bundles in 2009 ranged from 20% to 57% (stroke 20%, STEMI 32%, cardiac arrest 34%, sepsis 57%). For STEMI and stroke, presence of a board-certified/board-eligible emergency physician was significantly associated with presence of a clinical bundle. Only 8% of hospitals provided all 4 care bundles. However, 53% of the population was able to reach this minority of hospitals within 60 minutes.CONCLUSION: Reliably matching patient needs to ED resources in time-dependent illness is a critical component of a coordinated emergency care system. Population access to critical interventions for the time-dependent diseases discussed here is limited. A population-based planning approach and improved coordination of care could improve access to interventions for patients with time-sensitive conditions.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Patient Care Bundles', 'Pennsylvania', 'Shock, Septic', 'Stroke', 'Time Factors']
| 24,368,055
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E02.765'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.550'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Clinical and echocardiographic study of mitral valve in children with severe rheumatic carditis. Aspects of prolapse or rupture].
|
PURPOSE: To describe cases of rheumatic carditis with echocardiographic aspects of prolapse or rupture of mitral structures.METHODS: We described 16 cases of acute carditis (ages between 5-15 years). In 10 (group 1) there was aspect of mitral prolapse, in 6 (group 2) aspect of "flail". The measurements of anterior chordae and anuli were compared to the ones of 5 cases of chronic rheumatic fever with dilated left ventricle and aortic regurgitation (group 3) and to 20 normal children of same ages. The same measurements were repeated after treatment.RESULTS: The mean of the measurements in group 1 was; 26.48 +/- 11.46mm-anterior chordae; 32.13 +/- 7.35mm anuli; in the group 2 was respectively 29.63 +/- 4.57mm and 35.63 +/- 7 mm. In the group 3 anterior chordae was 34.52 +/- 6.8mm, anuli: 34.8 +/- 4.61 mm. In the normal group, respectively was: 18.19 +/- 4.26mm and 24.66 +/- 2.85mm. After corticosteroid many cases improved. In the statistical analyses, the measurements among patients of group 1 and 2 compared to normal children, the difference was significant but it was not compared to group 3. Comparing the measurements pre and post treatment the decrease was not significant.CONCLUSION: The acute carditis in these cases lead to significant elongation of anterior chordae and dilatation of anuli, but there was not a significant decrease after treatment.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chordae Tendineae', 'Female', 'Heart Rupture', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitral Valve', 'Mitral Valve Prolapse', 'Myocarditis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rheumatic Heart Disease', 'Ultrasonography']
| 8,762,688
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A07.541.510.240'], ['C14.280.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C14.280.484.400.500'], ['C14.280.238.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.731.649', 'C14.280.874'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The dispersion of Echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of dogs.
|
We studied the dispersion of adult Echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of experimentally infected dogs at 2 scales of habitat use. On a coarse scale, worms were found most frequently in the anterior third of the small intestine. On a fine scale, clumps or aggregations, typically of 4-5 worms in an area of 12 mm2, occurred throughout the anterior two-thirds of the intestine. The most likely proximate cause of aggregative behavior is attraction between individual worms. There are at least 2 equally plausible ultimate causes of the behavior: to enhance cross-fertilization and to improve the quality of the environment. Restriction of worms to the anterior small intestine may be a consequence of aggregative behavior on a finer scale or a response to different proximate and ultimate factors.
|
['Animals', 'Dogs', 'Echinococcus', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Intestine, Small', 'Intestines', 'Male', 'Parasite Egg Count']
| 2,760,768
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.215.327'], ['A12.459'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['A03.556.124'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A rare cause of seizure masquerading as neoplasm.
|
The authors report the case of a young man with no significant medical history who presented with new-onset seizure and mass-like lesions isolated to the left cerebral hemisphere relating to malignancy. Biopsy revealed findings consistent with angiitis and investigations for secondary causes of angiitis was negative. The diagnosis of primary angiitis of the central nervous system was made and the patient has responded well to treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Biopsy', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Cerebrum', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vasculitis, Central Nervous System']
| 22,798,309
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287'], ['E01.171'], ['C10.228.140.490.375.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C10.114.875', 'C10.228.140.300.850', 'C14.907.253.946', 'C14.907.940.907', 'C20.111.258.962']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Neuroimaging diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of different surgical methods of gliomatosis cerebri].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroimaging diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of different surgical methods of gliomatosis cerebri.METHODS: 26 cases of gliomatosis cerebri at our department between September 2008 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative cranial computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other multimodal imaging scans were performed. The procedures included stereotactic brain biopsy (n = 11) and large craniotomy lobotomy (n = 15). Whole brain radiotherapy and/or temozolomide therapy was performed postoperatively according to the malignancy of tumors. Follow-ups were conducted to analyze the survival differences between stereotactic brain biopsy and large craniotomy lobotomy groups.RESULTS: According to the different features of multimodal imaging, gliomatosis cerebri could be divided into two types: (1) type I(n = 19) showed a diffuse infiltrating lesion infringing multiple brain lobes or regions with central corpus callosum but without obvious enhancement; (2) type II (n = 7) appeared as sporadic or tuberous enhancement in addition to the features of type I. Pathological diagnosis: pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 2), diffuse astrocytoma (n = 13), oligodendroglial tumors (n = 3), oligoastrocytoma (n = 1), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 5) and glioblastoma (n = 2). The degree of malignancy was a prognostic factor for postoperative survival in patients with gliomatosis cerebri. The mean survival time (MST) of large craniotomy lobotomy group (23 ± 7) was significantly longer than that of stereotactic brain biopsy group (13 ± 3) (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Gliomatosis cerebri is a primary brain glial tumor with diffuse infiltrative growth but retaining the general structure of central nervous system. Multimodal imaging studies plus pathological examination yield a definitive diagnosis. Comprehensive treatment of operation plus chemo- or radio-therapy can prolong postoperative MST.
|
['Biopsy', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Neuroimaging', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 25,152,287
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.578', 'E01.370.376.537', 'E05.629'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interstitial cystitis patients' use and rating of complementary and alternative medicine therapies.
|
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to describe the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies among interstitial cystitis (IC) patients, patients' perception of CAM therapies' effectiveness, and the association of time since diagnosis with perceived effectiveness of these therapies.METHODS: In April 2009, the Interstitial Cystitis Association (ICA) initiated an Internet-based survey on CAM. Respondents indicated whether they received an IC diagnosis and how long ago, whether they tried CAM, and who recommended it. On a 5-point scale, respondents rated 49 therapies. For respondents confirming a diagnosis, we used a chi-square goodness-of-fit test to assess which therapies were rated positively or negatively by a majority of patients who tried them. Using separate one-way analyses of variance, we assessed differences in mean perceived effectiveness among groups based on time since diagnosis and conducted post hoc tests, if necessary. Using chi-square tests, we explored the association of time since diagnosis with the use of CAM and the number of therapies tried.RESULTS: A total of 2,101 subjects responded to the survey; 1,982 confirmed an IC diagnosis. Most (84.2 %) had tried CAM, and 55 % said physicians had recommended CAM. Of those trying CAM, 82.8 % had tried diet or physical therapy and 69.2 % other therapies. Of the therapies, 22 were rated positively and 20 negatively; 7 were inconclusive. Therapies patients perceived to be helpful included dietary management and pain management adjuncts such as physical therapy, heat and cold, meditation and relaxation, acupuncture, stress reduction, exercise, and sleep hygiene. Many therapies worked better for those diagnosed recently than for those diagnosed long before.CONCLUSIONS: Randomized, placebo-controlled studies are needed to demonstrate which therapies may indeed control IC symptoms and help send research in new and productive directions.
|
['Acupuncture', 'Complementary Therapies', 'Cystitis, Interstitial', 'Data Collection', 'Diet Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Perception', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,149,598
|
[['H02.004'], ['E02.190'], ['C12.777.829.495.500', 'C13.351.968.829.495.500'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['E02.642.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Role of sera from peptic ulcer patients in cell proliferation of human gastric carcinoma].
|
This study aimed at the relationship of helicobacter pylori infection to gastric carcinoma pathogenesis. Forty-nine serum samples from patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer and 20 serum sample from normal subjects were collected for the assessment of serum gastrin by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against H. pylori by ELISA respectively. The patients, serum samples were divided into four groups for observations on whether the sera would affect the cell proliferation of HAC803 derived from human gastric carcinoma and of HT29 from human colonic carcinoma cultured in vitro. The cell proliferation was determined by MIT assay. The results showed that the level of serogastrin in gastric and duodenal ulcer was significantly higher than that in normal control (139.6 +/- 38.17 pg/ml vs 63.12 +/- 28.7 pg/ml, P < 0.01). As for the sera of ulcer subjects, the highest anti-HpIgG group (group A) and the highest anti-Hp IgA group (group B) displayed a significantly enhanced cell proliferation of human gastric carcinoma (P < 0.05), especially group B. But all the four groups had less significant increase in cell proliferation of human colonic carcinoma (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that, in the highest anti-HpIgG group and the highest IgA group of the peptic ulcer subjects infected by H. pylori, the sera can enhance cell proliferation of gastric carcinoma, however the role is less associated with serum gastrin.
|
['Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Cell Division', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Stomach Ulcer', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 12,212,290
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diazepam kinetics in relation to age and sex.
|
27 male volunteers aged 20 to 91 years, and 13 female volunteers aged 21 to 33 years, received single 5 to 10 mg doses of diazepam intravenously. Diazepam pharmacokinetics were determined from concentrations measured in multiple plasma samples drawn during 7 days after each dose. Diazepam elimination half-life among males (mean: 66 h) increased significantly with age (r = 0.53, p less than 0.005). Volume of distribution (mean: 1.39 liters/kg) also increased significantly with age (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). Clearance of total diazepam in males (mean: 0.42 ml/min/kg) tended to decline with age (r = 0.32), but the association was of borderline significance (p = 0.1). Diazepam was extensively bound to plasma protein, with a mean free fraction among male subjects of 1.34%. Free fraction tended to increase with age (r = 0.14). Correction of volume of distribution and clearance for individual differences in binding did not alter the conclusions. Compared to young males, young females had larger volumes of distribution (1.87 vs. 1.34 liters/kg) and higher total clearance (0.63 vs. 0.49 ml/min/kg). These differences were even greater after correction for sex-related changes in protein binding. Elimination half-life did not differ between sexes. Since both age and sex can influence diazepam disposition, both should be considered as independent variables in studies of diazepam pharmacokinetics.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Diazepam', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors']
| 7,312,934
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hemiarthroplasty versus total shoulder prosthesis: results of cemented glenoid components.
|
In this retrospective study, we compared the results of 705 total shoulder arthroplasties (TSAs) with 469 hemiarthroplasties (HSAs), all having been performed with the Aequalis shoulder prosthesis. Each group, both TSA and HSA, was comparable by age (mean, 63.9 years) and sex (853 men and 321 women). Each group had comparable dominance and preoperative Constant scores (mean, 29 points). The length of follow-up averaged 43 months (range, 24-110 months) in both groups. The postoperative functional outcome and subjective assessment demonstrated the superiority of TSA over HSA independent of age or rotator cuff status (Constant score, 65.7 vs 56.3 points). The analysis of the radiographs showed a disturbing 68% of cases with radiolucent lines developing around the glenoid component and their subsequent progression with time. We saw an adverse effect on functional outcome by the presence of these radiolucent lines. This review would suggest that TSA is superior to HSA in most cases with chronic pathologic entities. HSA remains a satisfactory solution in specific cases. In the future, we need to optimize the designs of the glenoid implant and develop a better implantation technique to avoid the problems associated with glenoid replacement.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement', 'Bone Cements', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Diseases', 'Joint Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rotator Cuff', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Rupture', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,517,357
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110', 'E04.650.110', 'E04.680.101.110'], ['D05.750.716.822.300', 'D25.720.716.822.300', 'D27.720.102.158', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550'], ['E07.695.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.633.567.912', 'A02.880.700'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['C26.761'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Differential diagnosis of intraspinal and extraspinal non-discogenic sciatica.
|
The aim of this study is to present a series of 11 patients with non-discogenic sciatica (NDS), and to review the diagnostic techniques of careful clinical and radiological examination. The cases include lumbar radicular herpes zoster, lumbar nerve root schwannoma, lumbar instability, facet hypertrophy, ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis, sciatic neuritis, piriformis syndrome, intrapelvic mass and coxarthrosis. The pain pattern and accompanying symptoms were the major factors suggesting a non-discogenic etiology. Pelvic MRI and CT scans, and sciatic nerve magnetic resonance neurography were the main diagnostic tools for diagnosis of NDS. The treatment of choice depended on the primary diagnosis. Detailed physical examinations with special attention paid to the extraspinal causes of sciatica and to pain characteristics are the major components of differential diagnosis of NDS.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Herpes Zoster', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurilemmoma', 'Sciatica', 'Spinal Diseases', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 18,789,864
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.171'], ['C01.925.256.466.930.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.595', 'C04.557.580.600.610.595', 'C04.557.580.625.650.595'], ['C10.668.829.500.675.800', 'C10.668.829.600.800', 'C23.888.592.612.664.800'], ['C05.116.900'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-influenza virus activity of the compound LY253963.
|
The compound LY253963 (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcyanamide) inhibited the in vitro replication of representative influenza A and B viruses in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at concentrations of 1-3.2 micrograms/ml. The yield of an influenza A (H3N2) virus in primary rhesus monkey kidney (RMK) cells was inhibited at 0.1-0.3 micrograms/ml. However, similar concentrations were inhibitory for the growth of uninfected MCDK or RMK cells. Combination drug studies generally found indifferent interactions between LY253963 and ribavirin or rimantadine. In timing of additional studies, hemagglutinin expression was inhibited to the greatest extent when LY253963 exposure was begun at least 8 h before viral infection, which suggested either slow uptake or intracellular metabolism of LY253963 to an active form. Virus-specific protein synthesis was inhibited to a greater extent by ribavirin 10 micrograms/ml or rimantadine 1 microgram/ml than by LY253963 10 micrograms/ml. No drug-resistant mutants were detected during serial passage of an influenza A (H3N2) virus in the presence of LY253963 1-16 micrograms/ml. In summary, we found that LY253963 inhibited influenza A and B virus replication in several cell types, but that it was associated with cytostatic effects at low concentrations. These studies failed to identify a selective anti-influenza action.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Influenza A virus', 'Influenza B virus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Mutation', 'Nitriles', 'Orthomyxoviridae', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Thiadiazoles', 'Viral Proteins']
| 2,080,866
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A11.251'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.407.410'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D02.626'], ['B04.820.480.968'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D02.886.675.867', 'D03.383.129.708.867'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study of effects of impact tone and steady state tone exposure: EP and concentration of K+ ion and Na+ ion.
|
To test the adequacy of equal energy principle (EEP), guinea pigs were exposed to impact tone. The changes in electrophysiological data, namely endocochlear potential (EP) and the change in K+ ion and Na+ ion concentrations in the endolymph were investigated. The frequency of impact tone was 1 pulse/second or 1 pulse/3 seconds. The steady state tone had Leq24h = 100, 95, 90 or 85 dB, and impact tone had Leq24h = 95, 90 or 85 dB. The results are the following. Both steady state and impact tone exposure cause changes of electrophysiological data. The effects on the absolute value of negative EP induced by impact tone exposures were smaller than that of steady state tone of the same Leq. The rate of pulses was also an important factor for impact tone exposure. Impact tone exposure of 1 pulse/second caused smaller absolute value of negative EP than that of 1 pulse/3 seconds. The K+ ion concentration time course in the endolymph remained similar to the control (Exp. 1) only in Exp. 8 (85 dB; the lowest steady state noise exposure in our experiments), but no decrease in the K+ ion concentration was detected in the other experiments, suggesting an alteration in the K+ ion flow. The Na+ ion concentration time course was also influenced showing no increase in Na+ ion concentration compared to the control (Exp. 1c) and the lowest steady-state exposure experiment (Exp. 8c). Our experimental results suggest that both the K+ ion and Na+ ion movement are altered by tone exposure. We found also that the different types of noise exposure with the same Leq value does not exhibit the same changes. Leq24h is not an accurate damage risk criteria.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Cations, Monovalent', 'Cochlear Microphonic Potentials', 'Endolymph', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Mathematical Computing', 'Noise', 'Potassium', 'Sodium']
| 10,587,014
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.248.497.300.459'], ['G07.265.216.500.370.223', 'G07.888.250.223', 'G11.561.200.500.370.223'], ['A12.207.270.517.324'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['L01.224.680'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Development of sarcoidosis 6-month post discontinuation of etanercept: coincidence or real association?
|
There have been numerous reports of granulomatous diseases developing in patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. Herein, we report a patient who developed sarcoidosis 6 months after discontinuation of etanercept. To date, all reported cases have occurred in patients undergoing ongoing treatment with TNF blockers with resolution on its discontinuation. A 47-year-old man was diagnosed with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 2003. He was initially treated with methotrexate and corticosteroids. In 2005, adalimumab was added due to ongoing disease activity. However, he had persistent low-grade synovitis of bilateral wrist joints and remained oral glucocorticoids dependent. In October 2008, adalimumab was switched to etanercept with marginal benefit; however, etanercept was continued until March 2009. Rituximab was discontinued due to an immediate allergic reaction. In September 2009, he developed bilateral ankle synovitis with erythema nodosum. Further investigations (chest X-ray and CT scan of thorax) revealed new development of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and interstitial nodular changes typical of sarcoidosis. His baseline therapy of methotrexate was continued. His recent repeat chest X-ray and CT scan of thorax (March 2010) has shown significant spontaneous resolution of his mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pulmonary nodules. Apart from the initial brief course of NSAIDs, his sarcoidosis resolved spontaneously without requiring any further therapy. For his rheumatoid arthritis, he has been recently commenced on abatacept and his baseline therapy of methotrexate has been continued. It remains speculative as to whether the concurrence of RA and sarcoidosis is purely serendipitous, or is related to an immunodysregulatory state attributable to TNF blockade.
|
['Abatacept', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Etanercept', 'Humans', 'Immunoconjugates', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Rituximab', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,380,931
|
[['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580.225', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580.225'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D12.644.541.500.697.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.697.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.660.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538.500.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.660.624', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580', 'D27.888.569.257'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075.785', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075.785', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284.785'], ['C15.604.515.827'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of lncRNA HOTAIR on the radiosensitivity of HCCLM3 cells].
|
Objective: To investigate the effect of down-regulating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) targeting miR-761 on the radiosensitivity of HCCLM3. Methods: The expression of HOTAIR in liver cancer cells HuH-7, SNU-449, HCCLM3 and normal liver cells L-02 were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. HCCLM3 cells were divided into control, Sh-NC (transfected shRNA negative control), Sh-HOTAIR (transfected HOTAIR shRNA), RAD+Sh-NC (transfected shRNA negative control and irradiated with 8Gy dose), and RAD+Sh-HOTAIR (HOTAIR shRNA was transfected and irradiated with 8Gy dose) group. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, Bcl-2 Associated X Protein (Bx-2), cleaved cysteine-containing Cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (C-Caspase-3) protein expression. Sh-NC, Sh-HOTAIR cells were irradiated with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy, and plate-clone experiments were used to determine radiosensitivity. Bioinformatics software predicted that miR-761 might be a target gene of HOTAIR, and the luciferase reporter system identified the targeting relationship. The miR-761 inhibitor, HOTAIR shRNA and inhibitor negative control, and HOTAIR shRNA were co-transfected into HCCLM3 cells, respectively. Cell apoptosis and Bax and C-cysteine-containing aspartate proteins were also measured using the above method, as well as the hydrolase-3 protein expression and cell survival fraction. Results: The expression levels of HOTAIR in liver cancer cells HuH-7, SNU-449, and HCCLM3 were higher than those in normal liver cells L-02 (1.85±0.12, 2.27±0.23, 2.68±0.15 vs 1.00±0.09, P<0.05). Compared with Sh-NC, the apoptosis rate of Sh-HOTAIR, RAD+Sh-NC cells and Bax, C-Caspase-3 protein levels are higher [Apoptotic rate: (13.47±1.32)%, (12.84±1.19)% vs (2.98±0.27)%; Bax protein: 0.74±0.08, 0.72±0.06 vs 0.42±0.06; C-Caspase-3 protein: 0.56±0.06, 0.54±0.08 vs 0.25±0.04, all P<0.05]. Compared with Sh-HOTAIR and RAD+Sh-NC, RAD+Sh-HOTAIR cell apoptosis rate and Bax, C-Caspase-3 protein levels are higher [apoptosis rate:(22.57±2.36)% vs (13.47±1.32)%, (12.84±1.19)%, Bax protein: 0.99±0.11 vs 0.74±0.08, 0.72±0.06, C-Caspase-3 protein: 1.03±0.12 vs 0.56±0.06, 0.54±0.08,all P<0.05]. Compared with Sh-NC, Sh-HOTAIR cells had lower survival scores and higher radiosensitivity (P<0.05). HOTAIR targets negative regulation of miR-761 expression. Compared with cells co-transfected with inhibitor negative control and HOTAIR shRNA, cells co-transfected with miR-761 inhibitor and HOTAIR shRNA had lower apoptosis rate after radiation treatment [(10.24±1.32)% vs (21.84±2.01))%], Bax (0.50±0.06 vs 1.01±0.10) and C-Caspase-3 protein (0.56±0.07 vs 1.05±0.14) had lower expression and higher cell survival scores (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Down-regulating lncRNA HOTAIR targets miR-761 to increase the radiosensitivity of HCCLM3.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'Radiation Tolerance']
| 32,392,994
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by phenobarbitone: structural and biochemical aspects.
|
Two aspects of the induction of microsomal monooxygenases by phenobarbitone have been investigated. First, structural associations between mitochondria and single cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (mitochondria--RER complexes) may operate as functional units in the biosynthesis of cytochrome P-450. This was deduced from (i) studies on the subcellular distribution of the phenobarbitone-induced incorporation of leucine into microsomal proteins including apocytochromes P-450 and (ii) the incorporation of labelled delta-aminolaevulinic acid into the haem prosthetic group of cytochrome P-450. Secondly, in hepatocytes from chick embryo in primary monolayer culture, induction of cytochrome P-450-haemoproteins was markedly influenced by changes in the proliferative activity of hepatocytes. Inducibility of cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbitone and by beta-naphthoflavone was decreased in cultures with 'spontaneous' or experimentally increased proliferative activity of hepatocytes. Treatment with inhibitors of DNA synthesis increased the induction response.
|
['Aminolevulinic Acid', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chick Embryo', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Heme', 'Hemeproteins', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Mitochondria', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Phenobarbital', 'Rats']
| 6,906,260
|
[['D02.241.755.547.276', 'D12.125.262'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['D12.776.422'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electrochemical preparation of Nb2
|
The present work describes the synthesis of niobium oxide nanochannels (Nb2O5NCs) with high surface area, porosity, photocurrent density, and photoelectrochemical stability as photocatalyst. The Nb2O5NCs were prepared by electrochemical anodization of niobium foil in different electrolytes: 1 M H2SO4 containing 0.4 wt% HF (S1); glycerol containing 0.4 M NH4F (S2); 0.25 g NH4F with 4 vol% water in glycol at 50 °C (S3); and glycerol containing 10 wt% K2HPO4, at 130 °C (S4, annealed in air; S5, annealed in N2). All the Nb2O5NCs showed well-organized arrays of nanochannels grown on the Nb foil, with tube diameters in the order S4<S2<S1<S3 and film thicknesses in the order S1<S2<S3<S4, as determined using FEG-SEM analyses. The samples were also characterized using XRD, EDX, DRS, XPS, EIS, Mott-Schottky analysis, and LSV curves. But, best results were obtained only when phosphorus (about 1% doping) was incorporated into the electrodes samples prepared in glycerol containing 10 wt% K2HPO4 at 130 °C (i.e. S4 and S5). This procedure enhances the absorption intensity in the UV-Vis regions, the conductivity, the charge carrier density, and the photocurrent density. The Nb2O5NC sample S5 was tested for the degradation of Procion Red HE-3B (RR120) dye, as a model pollutant, achieving efficient photoelectrodegradation with nearly 2 times higher mineralization efficiency compared to photolysis (PT) and photocatalysis (PC). Thus, the results indicate that the modification of Nb2O5NC thin film photoelectrodes by phosphorous doping can be a powerful and efficient alternative to usual approaches applied to the treatment of complex reactive dyes.
|
['Coloring Agents', 'Niobium', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Oxides', 'Photolysis', 'Titanium', 'Water Purification']
| 32,480,087
|
[['D27.720.233'], ['D01.268.556.615', 'D01.268.956.687', 'D01.552.544.615'], ['D02'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['G02.740.685'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Salt dependence of the formation and stability of the signaling state in G protein-coupled receptors: evidence for the involvement of the Hofmeister effect.
|
We studied the salt dependence of both the stability and the equilibrium of the late photoproducts metarhodopsin I (MI) and II (MII) of the artificial visual pigment 9-demethyl rhodopsin (9dm-Rho). In the photoproducts of 9dm-Rho, all-trans-9-demethyl retinal acts only as a partial agonist, enabling us to study the photoproduct equilibrium of the pigment both in membranes and in detergent micelles. Chloride, bromide, and phosphate salts shift this equilibrium from the inactive MI to the active MII receptor conformation both in native membranes and even more with purified pigment in detergent micelles. In the presence of these salts, the induced MII state seems to be structurally intact, as judged by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-vis spectroscopy. In the long term, however, we observe an increased instability of the photoproducts and a change in the decay pathways. Both MII enhancement and destabilization are particularly pronounced with the strong chaotropic salts KI and KSCN. The results fit into the framework of the Hofmeister effect and are assigned to an increased solvation of the peptide moiety of the solvent-exposed domains, their resulting partial disordering favoring MII over MI. In this picture, increased solvation also affects helix-helix interactions, thereby leading to a structural instability of the protein in the long term. The reported influences of salts on conformation and stability of this membrane protein are likely to be general and may therefore also apply to other transmembrane proteins and particularly to other G protein-coupled receptors.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Membrane', 'Detergents', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Micelles', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Photochemistry', 'Protein Conformation', 'Retinaldehyde', 'Rhodopsin', 'Rod Cell Outer Segment', 'Salts', 'Schiff Bases', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Solvents', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Surface Properties']
| 11,148,043
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['G02.300'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['G02.640'], ['H01.181.529.711'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D02.047.850', 'D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.690', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.690', 'D02.455.849.131.495.690', 'D02.455.849.291.605', 'D23.767.261.700.690'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.955', 'D23.767.930.750.500.500'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.375.500', 'A08.675.650.850.625.670.650.650', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.375.500', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.650.650', 'A08.800.950.937.670.375.500', 'A08.800.950.937.670.650.650', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.375.500', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.650.650', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.375.500', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.650.650', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.375.500', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.650.650'], ['D01.786'], ['D02.491.784'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative structure-activity analyses of nitrobenzene toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis.
|
Toxicity data for the 50% growth inhibitory concentration against Tetrahymena pyriformis (log (IGC50-1)) for 42 alkyl- and halogen-substituted nitro- and dinitrobenzenes were obtained experimentally. Log (IGC50-1) along with the hydrophobicity, the logarithm of the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow), and the molecular orbital properties, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (Elumo) and maximum acceptor superdelocalizability (Amax), were used to develop quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). All the nitroaromatic compounds tested had toxicity in excess of baseline, nonpolar narcosis. The nitrobenzenes were thought to elicit their toxic response through multiple (and mixed) mechanisms. No high-quality relationship was observed between toxicity and hydrophobicity, or Elumo, individually. However, a strong relationship ?log (IGC50-1) = 16.4(Amax) - 4.64; n = 42, r2 = 0.847, s = 0.279, F = 229? was obtained. In an effort to improve predictability, two-parameter QSAR, or response surface, analyses were performed. These analyses resulted in the following QSARs: ?log (IGC50-1) = 0.206(log Kow) - 16.0(Amax) - 5.04; n = 42, r2 = 0.897, s = 0.229, F = 180? and ?log (IGC50-1) = 0.467(log Kow) - 1.60(Elumo) - 2.55; n = 42, r2 = 0.881, s = 0.246, F = 154?.
|
['Animals', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Models, Chemical', 'Nitrobenzenes', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tetrahymena pyriformis']
| 9,705,752
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.888.284'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565', 'D02.640.529'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['B01.043.185.650.375.750.850.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Strand-selective transcription of globin genes in rabbit erythroid cells and chromatin.
|
In order to investigate the symmetry of globin gene transcription, complementary RNA (cRNA) was synthesized using rabbit globin complementary DNA (cDNA) as a template for Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase). The cRNA hybridized specifically to its own cDNA template but not to sheep cDNA, rabbit globin mRNA, or poly(dT). Hybridization studies with cRNA demonstrated that RNA sequences transcribed from the DNA strand complementary to the globin gene region (anti-strand) were not present in cellular, total nuclear, or fractionated nuclear RNA from rabbit marrow. Such sequences were detected in RNA transcribed from rabbit marrow chromatin by E. coli or sheep liver RNA polymerases, but amounted to less than 50% of the globin mRNA sequences present in the same transcript. The evidence indicates that globin mRNA transcription is predominantly DNA strand specific.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Chromatin', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes', 'Globins', 'Kinetics', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Rabbits', 'Templates, Genetic', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 1,108,006
|
[['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G05.360.840'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Disruption of adeB gene has a greater effect on resistance to meropenems than adeA gene in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from University Malaya Medical Centre.
|
INTRODUCTION: The AdeABC pump of Acinetobacter spp. confers resistance to various antibiotic classes. This pump is composed of the AdeA, AdeB, and AdeC proteins where AdeB is a member of the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump superfamily. The adeA, adeB, and adeC genes are contiguous and adjacent to adeS and adeR, which are transcribed in the opposite direction and which specify proteins homologous to sensors and regulators of two-component systems, respectively. In this study, an attempt is made to elucidate the role of the AdeABC efflux pump in carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp.METHODS: 39 carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were used. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated using the agar dilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. The presence of carbapenem hydrolysing oxacillinases and AdeABC efflux pump genes were determined by PCR amplification. Subsequently, each gene was inactivated by plasmid insertion in order to study the contribution of these genes in developing antibiotic resistance and the resulting mutants were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities.RESULTS: Among the multidrug-resistant strains, 36 strains had all the three (A, B, C) genes detected, while the remaining three strains had one or two of the genes detected. Inactivation of these individual genes showed decreased antimicrobial susceptibility indicating its contribution towards the development of antimicrobial resistance.CONCLUSION: The presence of AdeABC multidrug efflux pump plays a major role in the development of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter spp. The presence of either one or an interplay between these genes may have an effect on antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter spp.
|
['Acinetobacter', 'Acinetobacter Infections', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Carbapenems', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Meropenem', 'Models, Genetic', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Thienamycins']
| 19,710,984
|
[['B03.440.400.425.537.050', 'B03.660.250.530.050'], ['C01.150.252.400.560.022'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D02.065.589.099.124', 'D03.633.100.300.124'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300.750', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300.750'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Design considerations for an eHealth decision support tool in inflammatory bowel disease self-management.
|
BACKGROUND: Electronic health (eHealth) decision support tools have the potential to: facilitate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) self-management, reduce health care utilisation and alleviate the pressure on overburdened outpatient clinics. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders on the potential use of a decision support tool for IBD patients.METHODS: A qualitative study using focus group methodology was conducted at a tertiary IBD centre in Melbourne, Australia in February 2015. Key stakeholders, including physicians, nurses and patients, were included in the study. Two independent reviewers undertook inductive coding and generated themes.RESULTS: In total, 31 participants were included in the study (including 16 males; 11 physicians; 6 nurses). An eHealth decision support tool was thought to be beneficial to facilitate IBD self-management. Four themes emerged: (i) Framework for the decision support tool - the tool should be an adjunct to current models of care and facilitate shared decision-making and patient engagement; (ii) Target population - stable patients with mild to moderate disease; (iii) Functionalities of the intervention - a web-based platform encompassing patient-reported outcomes, objective markers of disease and clinical algorithms based on international guidelines; and (iv) Design and Implementation - patients should be involved in the design.CONCLUSIONS: eHealth interventions are thought to be an important strategy to facilitate self-management for patients with IBD. A multi-stage iterative approach should be adopted in the design and implementation process of eHealth interventions. Patient perspectives need to be sought prior to and throughout the development of an eHealth decision support tools for IBD.
|
['Australia', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Male', 'Patient Participation', 'Qualitative Research', 'Self-Management', 'Telemedicine']
| 29,136,332
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.205.731', 'C06.405.469.432'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['N02.421.784.760'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Simple model to explain effects of plasma protein binding and tissue binding on calculated volumes of distribution, apparent elimination rate constants and clearances.
|
A simple pharmacokinetic model, incorporating linear plasma protein binding, linear tissue binding, and first order elimination of free (unbound) drug, was studied. If Clp is the plasma clearance, Vf is the "true" volume of distribution of free drug, beta is the apparent elimination rate constant, sigma is the fraction of the drug which is free in plasma, f is the fraction of the drug which is free in the entire body, kf is the intrinsic elimination rate constant for free drug, and AoTB is the initial amount of drug which is bound to tissues, then the model indicates that the following relationships hold: (1) Clp = Vfsigma kf; (2) beta = f kf; and Vdext = (sigma/f) Vf. Only sigma, and not f, can be measured experimentally. Dividing Clp by sigma provides an estimate of the intrinsic clearance of free drug, Vfkf. A plot of Vdext versus sigma has an intercept equal to Vf, and the ratio of the slope/intercept is an estimate of AoTB/Aof, where Aof is the initial amount of free drug (equal to Vf times initial concentration of free drug in plasma). Thus, an estimate of AoTB may be obtained. Dividing the intrinsic clearance by Vf provides an estimate of kf. Thus, theoretically, estimates of Vf, kf, AoTB and f may be obtained. The variables are not separated when beta is plotted versus sigma, and curvature of such plots is expected; no useful information is obtained from such plots.
|
['Blood Proteins', 'Kinetics', 'Mathematics', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Models, Biological', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Protein Binding', 'Proteins']
| 1,001,358
|
[['D12.776.124'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['H01.548'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D26'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Digital analysis of mouthrinses' staining characteristics on provisional acrylic resins.
|
Provisional restorations are expected to be both aestethically and physically durable during the preparation of permanent restorations. In this study, the staining properties of mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine gluconate, benzydamine hydrochloride and a hybrid mouthrinse were investigated on light and dark shades of a provisional acrylic resin. Totally 80 specimens were prepared and were photographed digitally to obtain the baseline L*, a*, b* values. Each sample was immersed in test solutions for 12 h which was equivalent time to 1 year of mouthrinse use, and the post-treatment images of the test materials were acquired. All L*, a*, b* values were analysed by a graphic software, and the total colour change (DeltaE*) of each specimen was calculated. Also the same colour analyses were performed on all test solutions to establish their colour parameters. Analysis of variance and Tukey's tests were used for statistical analyses and alpha was 0.05. All test solutions produced perceptible staining on the provisional material, with DeltaE values over 3.7. In both shades, hybrid rinse caused the highest staining (DeltaE=5.705), and was followed by chlorhexidine gluconate rinse, with DeltaE value of 4.120. The third highest staining was observed with benzydamine hydrochloride rinse (DeltaE=3.959), whereas the control caused the least staining (DeltaE=3.095). The lighter shade provisional material resulted with clinically observable staining even when immersed in distilled water; however, the dark shades showed clinically perceptible staining solely with the hybrid mouthrinse. In this study, the shade of the acrylic material was the determinator of the staining process.
|
['Acrylic Resins', 'Benzydamine', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Color', 'Colorimetry', 'Coloring Agents', 'Dental Restoration, Temporary', 'Drug Combinations', 'Humans', 'Mouthwashes', 'Photography']
| 17,371,568
|
[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['D03.383.129.539.487.130', 'D03.633.100.449.130'], ['D02.078.370.141.100'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['D27.720.233'], ['E06.323.528', 'E06.780.346.740', 'E07.695.190.192'], ['D26.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D25.583', 'D27.720.102.583', 'D27.720.269.583', 'J01.637.051.583'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases reduces local and distant organ injury following experimental acute pancreatitis.
|
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary complications from pancreatitis involve parenchymal destruction via proteolytic enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play an important role in pulmonary injury following acute severe pancreatitis. We hypothesized that local and distant organ injury would be decreased by the presence of an MMP inhibitor (Batimistat; BB-94) following severe acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: Eighteen male rats were randomized into two groups: BB-94 (AP + 40 mg/kg/24 h BB-94 ip x three doses) or control (AP + 20 ml/kg/24 h normal saline ip x three doses). Necrotizing AP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate (1.5 ml/kg) into the pancreatic duct. Twenty additional animals were randomized into BB-94 and control groups for the survival study. Serum was evaluated for amylase and MMP activity. Pancreatic sections were graded for edema, necrosis, neutrophil infiltrate, and hemorrhage. Myloperoxidase (MPO) activity was used to determine PMN infiltration in the lung. Evan's Blue dye extravasation was used to quantify vascular permeability.RESULTS: Animals in the BB-94 group had decreased amylase levels (1086.0 +/- 61.7 U/L vs 2232.7 +/- 309.9 U/L; P < 0.05), decreased cellular infiltrate (1.4 +/- 0.2 vs 2.3 +/- 0.2; P < 0.02), and decreased necrosis (4.1 +/- 0.3 vs 6.1 +/- 0.4; P < 0.005) compared to the control group. Lung tissue following pancreatitis in the BB-94 group demonstrated decreased MPO activity (41.5 +/- 2.4 units vs 57.3 +/- 2.9 units; P < 0.05) and decreased vascular permeability (18.3 +/- 2.8 mg/100 g vs 30.1 +/- 4.6 mg/100 g; P < 0.05). Animals treated with BB-94 had 100% survival compared to 50% survival in control at 72 h.CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatitis results in increased local and distant MMP activity. Pulmonary and pancreatic injury following AP can be abrogated by treatment with an MMP inhibitor (Batimistat; BB-94) which may result in decreased morbidity and mortality.
|
['Amylases', 'Animals', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Models, Animal', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Diseases', 'Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing', 'Peroxidase', 'Phenylalanine', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome', 'Thiophenes']
| 12,643,851
|
[['D08.811.277.450.066'], ['B01.050'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.610'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['E05.598'], ['A03.734'], ['C06.689'], ['C06.689.750.650'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C23.550.470.790', 'C23.550.835.900'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physiological response to "pressure-demand" respirator wear.
|
This investigation determined cardiorespiratory responses of subjects with normal lung function and exercise tolerance and compared them with subjects with moderate impairment of lung function and exercise tolerance. The respirator was an air-line full-face mask (MSA-Ultravue) "pressure-demand" breathing type equipped with an inspiratory resistance of 85 mmH2O at 85 L/min air flow. This resistance was operable in conjunction with the fixed 25 mmH2O inspiratory and expiratory resistance required to pressurize the face piece. Physiologically and subjectively the response of the normal and moderately impaired subjects to respirator wear during rest, 35%, 50% and 80% of their maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) were not different. However, the pressure swings inside the face piece exceeded 24 cmH2O and resulted in 50% of the subjects being unable to finish 10 minutes of work at 80% VO2max. The greater the ventilatory demand placed upon the respirator due to increasing workload, the more like a "demand" system pressure-flow response the "pressure-demand" system produced. Hence, the concept of increased protection and reduced inspiratory resistance as a result of pressurizing the facepiece during heavy work is seriously questioned.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Exertion', 'Pressure', 'Protective Devices', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Protective Devices', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 7,148,683
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E07.700', 'J01.637.708'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E07.700.700', 'J01.637.708.560.937'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Hypoalgesia in response to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) depends on stimulation intensity.
|
UNLABELLED: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an electrophysical modality used for pain management. This study investigated the dose response of different TENS intensities on experimentally induced pressure pain. One hundred and thirty TENS na?ve healthy individuals (18-64 years old; 65 males, 65 females) were randomly allocated to 5 groups (n = 26 per group): Strong Non Painful TENS; Sensory Threshold TENS; Below Sensory Threshold TENS; No Current Placebo TENS; and Transient Placebo TENS. Active TENS (80 Hz) was applied to the forearm for 30 minutes. Transient Placebo TENS was applied for 42 seconds after which the current amplitude automatically reset to 0 mA. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were recorded from 2 points on the hand and forearm before and after TENS to measure hypoalgesia. There were significant differences between groups at both the hand and forearm (ANOVA; P = .005 and .002). At 30 minutes, there was a significant hypoalgesic effect in the Strong Non Painful TENS group compared to: Below Sensory Threshold TENS, No Current Placebo TENS and Transient Placebo TENS groups (P < .0001) at the forearm; Transient Placebo TENS and No Current Placebo TENS groups at the hand (P = .001). There was no significant difference between Strong Non Painful TENS and Sensory Threshold TENS groups. The area under the curve for the changes in PPT significantly correlated with the current amplitude (r(2) = .33, P = .003). These data therefore show that there is a dose-response effect of TENS with the largest effect occurring with the highest current amplitudes.PERSPECTIVE: This study shows a dose response for the intensity of TENS for pain relief with the strongest intensities showing the greatest effect; thus, we suggest that TENS intensity should be titrated to achieve the strongest possible intensity to achieve maximum pain relief.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biophysical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold', 'Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation', 'Young Adult']
| 21,481,649
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['G01.154'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F02.463.593.710.560', 'F02.830.816.444.700', 'G11.561.790.444.700'], ['E02.331.800', 'E02.779.468.800', 'E02.831.535.468.800', 'E03.091.823'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of different structural foot types for measures of standing postural control.
|
STUDY DESIGN: Matched group comparison of 3 subject groups with 3 different foot structures for force plate and clinical measures of postural control.OBJECTIVES: To determine if subjects with different weight-bearing foot structure would demonstrate differences in static standing postural control, and to determine the reliability of study procedures.BACKGROUND: Weight-bearing foot structure may influence postural control either because of a decreased base of support (supinated foot structure) or because of passive instability of the joints of the foot (pronated foot structure).METHODS AND MEASURES: Young adults were categorized based on weight-bearing foot structure into neutral, pronated, or supinated groups (15 subjects per group). Postural control in single-limb stance with eyes closed was assessed using force plate measures and by measuring duration of single-limb stance on a firm floor and on a balance pad. Force plate measures were normalized center-of-pressure average speed; and standard deviation and maximum displacement in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions.RESULTS: Individuals in the supinated group had significantly greater center-of-pressure average speed, greater maximum displacement in the anterior-posterior direction, and greater SD and maximum displacement in the medial-lateral direction than individuals in the neutral group. The individuals in the pronated group had significantly greater SD and maximum displacement in the anterior-posterior direction, used more trials to complete force plate testing, and had shorter single-limb stance duration than those in the neutral group.CONCLUSION: Individuals with pronated feet or supinated feet have poorer postural control than individuals with neutral feet, but perhaps through different mechanisms.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Foot', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pronation', 'Proprioception', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Supination', 'Weight-Bearing']
| 17,193,872
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.410.698.840'], ['F02.830.816.541', 'G07.888.750', 'G11.561.790.541'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G11.427.410.698.920'], ['G01.374.965']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A controlled study of psychological and social change after surgical gender reassignment in selected male transsexuals.
|
Of two groups of 20 patients accepted for gender reassignment surgery, one was offered early operation and therefore had had surgery by follow-up two years later, while the second was still awaiting operation at two-year follow-up. Although the groups were similar initially, significant differences between them emerged at follow-up in terms of neuroticism and social and sexual activity, with benefits being enjoyed by the operated group.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gender Identity', 'Genitalia, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality Tests', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Social Environment', 'Transsexualism']
| 2,224,377
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['A05.360.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.647'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['F01.145.802.975.750']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enhancement of image quality with a fast iterative scatter and beam hardening correction method for kV CBCT.
|
The problem of the enormous amount of scattered radiation in kV CBCT (kilo voltage cone beam computer tomography) is addressed. Scatter causes undesirable streak- and cup-artifacts and results in a quantitative inaccuracy of reconstructed CT numbers, so that an accurate dose calculation might be impossible. Image contrast is also significantly reduced. Therefore we checked whether an appropriate implementation of the fast iterative scatter correction algorithm we have developed for MV (mega voltage) CBCT reduces the scatter contribution in a kV CBCT as well. This scatter correction method is based on a superposition of pre-calculated Monte Carlo generated pencil beam scatter kernels. The algorithm requires only a system calibration by measuring homogeneous slab phantoms with known water-equivalent thicknesses. In this study we compare scatter corrected CBCT images of several phantoms to the fan beam CT images acquired with a reduced cone angle (a slice-thickness of 14 mm in the isocenter) at the same system. Additional measurements at a different CBCT system were made (different energy spectrum and phantom-to-detector distance) and a first order approach of a fast beam hardening correction will be introduced. The observed image quality of the scatter corrected CBCT images is comparable concerning resolution, noise and contrast-to-noise ratio to the images acquired in fan beam geometry. Compared to the CBCT without any corrections the contrast of the contrast-and-resolution phantom with scatter correction and additional beam hardening correction is improved by a factor of about 1.5. The reconstructed attenuation coefficients and the CT numbers of the scatter corrected CBCT images are close to the values of the images acquired in fan beam geometry for the most pronounced tissue types. Only for extreme dense tissue types like cortical bone we see a difference in CT numbers of 5.2%, which can be improved to 4.4% with the additional beam hardening correction. Cupping is reduced from 20% to 4% with scatter correction and 3% with an additional beam hardening correction. After 3 iterations (small phantoms) and 6 to 7 iterations (large phantoms) the algorithm converges. Therefore the algorithm is very fast, that means 1.3 seconds per projection for 3 iterations on a standard PC.
|
['Algorithms', 'Calibration', 'Equipment Design', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Pelvis', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Photography', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Radiotherapy', 'Scattering, Radiation']
| 19,761,093
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.320'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['A01.923.600'], ['E07.671'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E02.815'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Training radial basis function networks for wind speed prediction using PSO enhanced differential search optimizer.
|
This paper presents an integrated hybrid optimization algorithm for training the radial basis function neural network (RBF NN). Training of neural networks is still a challenging exercise in machine learning domain. Traditional training algorithms in general suffer and trap in local optima and lead to premature convergence, which makes them ineffective when applied for datasets with diverse features. Training algorithms based on evolutionary computations are becoming popular due to their robust nature in overcoming the drawbacks of the traditional algorithms. Accordingly, this paper proposes a hybrid training procedure with differential search (DS) algorithm functionally integrated with the particle swarm optimization (PSO). To surmount the local trapping of the search procedure, a new population initialization scheme is proposed using Logistic chaotic sequence, which enhances the population diversity and aid the search capability. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RBF hybrid training algorithm, experimental analysis on publicly available 7 benchmark datasets are performed. Subsequently, experiments were conducted on a practical application case for wind speed prediction to expound the superiority of the proposed RBF training algorithm in terms of prediction accuracy.
|
['Machine Learning', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Wind']
| 29,768,463
|
[['G17.035.250.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530'], ['E05.599'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['G16.500.175.249.200', 'G16.500.275.063.725.154.200', 'G16.500.750.775.780', 'N06.230.132.644.875', 'N06.230.300.100.150.185.200', 'N06.230.300.100.725.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genomic organization of low copy number sequences that are associated with deca-satellite DNA in the monkey genome.
|
A previously described segment of African green monkey DNA (cloned in phage lambda MkA) contains deca-satellite linked to DNA sequences that are estimated to occur once per genome. Sequences homologous to the low copy number sequences in lambda MkA are also associated with species-specific satellite DNAs in the human and mouse genomes. A second clone, lambda Mk8, contains a monkey DNA region that is colinear and homologous to a portion of the low copy number sequences in lambda MkA, but no satellite sequences. The two cloned segments are markedly different starting at a point proximal to the satellite DNA region in lambda MkA. DNA-blotting experiments indicate that lambda Mk8 but not lambda MkA represents the typical genomic organization and that the low copy number segments occur only once per haploid genome. The data suggest that rearrangements such as deletions or inversions occurring in monkey cells account in part for the structure of lambda MkA. Additional rearrangements may have occurred during cloning in E. coli. This unique chromosomal region may be particularly susceptible to recombination.
|
['Animals', 'Cercopithecus', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'DNA, Satellite', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Species Specificity']
| 2,825,119
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['D13.444.308.480', 'G02.111.570.080.708.800.150', 'G05.360.080.708.800.150', 'G05.360.340.024.220.150', 'G05.360.340.024.850.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Magnetic resonance imaging-based spirometry for regional assessment of pulmonary function.
|
In this work MRI-based spirometry is presented as a method for noninvasively assessing pulmonary mechanical function on a regional basis. A SPAMM tagging sequence was modified to allow continuous dynamic imaging of the lungs during respiration. A motion-tracking algorithm was developed to track material regions from time-resolved grid-tagged images. Experiments were performed to image the lungs during quiet breathing and volumetric strain was calculated from the measured displacement maps. Regional volume calculations, derived from volumetric strain, were integrated over the entire lung and compared to segmented volume calculations with good agreement. Results from this work demonstrate that MRI spirometry has the potential to become a clinically useful tool for measuring regional ventilation and assessing pulmonary diseases that regionally affect the mechanical function of the lung.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Lung', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Pulmonary Ventilation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spirometry', 'Tidal Volume']
| 16,217,776
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['A04.411'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E01.370.386.700.660', 'G09.772.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Uncapped nanobranch-based CuS clews used as an efficient peroxidase mimic enable the visual detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose with fast response.
|
Nanosized materials acting as substitutes of natural enzymes are currently attracting significant research due to their stable enzyme-like characteristics, but some flaws of these nanozymes, including their limited catalytic rate and efficiency, need to be remedied to enable their wider applications. In this work, we verify for the first time the catalytic behavior of uncapped nanobranch-based CuS clews as a peroxidase mimic. XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM proofs demonstrate that high-purity CuS clews composed of intertwined wires with abundant nanodendrites outside are successfully produced via a facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis approach, with thiourea as both the sulfion source and the structure-directing agent. The synthesized CuS can catalytically oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 to trigger a visible color reaction with rapid response (reaching a maximum change within 5 min). The proposed CuS nanozyme exhibits preferable catalytic kinetics over natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This outstanding activity primarily results from the large surface area and rich sites exposed by the uncapped unique structure. Under optimized conditions, the fabricated sensing system provides linear absorbance (652 nm) changes in the H2O2 concentration range of 0.2?130 ìM, with a detection limit of as low as 63 nM. When coupled with glucose oxidase (GOD), the system is demonstrated to be capable of monitoring glucose in blood samples with excellent performance.
|
['Biomimetic Materials', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'Copper', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Oxidase', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Nanostructures', 'Peroxidase', 'Time Factors']
| 27,846,988
|
[['J01.637.087'], ['E05.601.043'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D08.811.682.047.239'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunotherapy with imiquimod 5% cream for eyelid nodular basal cell carcinoma.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of eyelid basal cell carcinoma.DESIGN: Two interventional case reports.METHODS: Imiquimod 5% cream was applied topically once daily, 3 days a week for 8 to 12 weeks, in two patients affected by eyelid nodular basal cell carcinoma. Patients were followed up clinically with slit-lamp examination for evidence of tumor disappearance or recurrence, and local and systemic side effects.RESULTS: Complete clinical response was obtained in both patients. No severe local side effects were observed. Patients did not show any local recurrence after 1 year.CONCLUSIONS: Topical imiquimod 5% cream seems to be a useful treatment for eyelid nodular basal cell carcinoma in selected cases, but further long-term studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of this approach.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aminoquinolines', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma, Basal Cell', 'Eyelid Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imiquimod', 'Immunotherapy', 'Interferon Inducers', 'Male', 'Ointments', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,376,667
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D03.633.100.810.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.557.470.200.165', 'C04.557.470.565.165'], ['C04.588.443.392.500', 'C11.319.421', 'C11.338.526'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.545'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['D27.505.696.477.828'], ['D26.255.640'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Diagnostic laparoscopy in gunshot wounds of the abdomen in children].
|
Diagnostic laparoscopy in gunshot wounds of the abdomen was performed in 14 children. The diagnostic value of laparoscopic and other methods of diagnostics was evaluated. An analysis of the results has shown that laparoscopy for gunshot wounds of the abdomen in children is of great diagnostic value. The indications and contraindications for diagnostic laparoscopy in such cases have been formulated. The surgical strategy used reduced 3 times the number of unnecessary laparoscopies for gunshot wounds of the abdomen in children.
|
['Abdomen', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Wounds, Gunshot']
| 16,881,172
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['C26.986.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Implementation of UV-based advanced oxidation processes in algal medium recycling.
|
Algae show great potential as sustainable feedstock for numerous bioproducts. However, large volume of water consumption during algal biomass production makes that the culture media recycling is a necessity due to economic and environmental concern. To avoid the negative effect of enriched organic matters in the harvested culture media, pre-treatment prior to medium replenishment and reuse is required. In this study, degradation of algenitic organic matters (AOM) in the culture media by UV-based photolysis processes (i.e., direct UV, UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS), UV/H2O2, and UV/NH2Cl) was explored. The results showed that UV, UV/PDS, UV/H2O2 and UV/NH2Cl caused a decrease of SUVA for 29.9%, 35.4%, 40.45%, and 22.6%, respectively, though the organic matter was almost not mineralized. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis indicated that UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 degraded 47.26%-56.31% of the fulvic-like and humic-like fractions in AOM. Powder activated carbon absorption and growth evaluation for the AOPs-treated media indicated that UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 processes not only could remove the growth inhibitors in the media, but were also beneficial to the algae growth. These results suggested that UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 could effectively degrade the hydrophobic components in AOM and converted the growth inhibition fraction of AOM in the recycled media into nutrient source for algal growth. Different from the general application of UV-based AOP in the wastewater treatment, this study provided an innovative idea about how to pre-treat AOM in the media recycling: utilization rather than removal, which was a more sustainable and environment-friendly technology.
|
['Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Microalgae', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Recycling', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Waste Water', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 29,627,547
|
[['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['B05.080.500.600.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.525', 'N06.850.860.510.244'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Virus neutralising activity of African fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) sera against emerging lyssaviruses.
|
It is likely that phylogroup 2 lyssaviruses circulate within bat reservoirs. We adapted a pseudotype (pt) neutralisation assay (PNA) to a multiplex format enabling serosurveillance for Lagos bat virus (LBV), Mokola virus (MOKV) and West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV) in a potential reservoir, the African straw-coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum. Highly correlated titres were observed between single and multiplex PNAs using ptLBV and ptMOKV (r=0.97, p<0.0001), validating its use for bat serosurveillance. Of the bat serum samples screened 56% neutralised ptLBV, 27% ptMOKV and 1% ptWCBV. Mean VNAb titres were 1:266, 1:35 and 1:7 against ptLBV, ptMOKV and ptWCBV respectively. The high seroprevalence estimates suggest that the infection rate of LBV in E. helvum remains high enough to persist in this species. This supports the hypothesis that LBV is endemic in Ghanaian E. helvum and we speculate that LBV may have co-evolved with African megachiroptera.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Biological Evolution', 'Chiroptera', 'Communicable Diseases, Emerging', 'Disease Reservoirs', 'Female', 'Ghana', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Lyssavirus', 'Male', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Rabies virus', 'Rhabdoviridae Infections', 'Species Specificity']
| 20,951,400
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.937'], ['C01.221.500', 'C23.550.291.531.750'], ['N06.850.520.203.250'], ['Z01.058.290.190.320'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.937.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['B04.820.480.937.750.500.700'], ['C01.925.782.580.830'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of genipin derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
|
Twenty-two novel genipin derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). As a result, compound 13a bearing ligustrazine moiety displayed the most potent AChE inhibitory activity in this series with IC50 value of 218 nm. Besides, MTT assay was performed to investigate the neuroprotection of these compounds against PC12 cells injured by Amyloid â-protein 1-42 (Aâ1-42 ). Among them, 8a showed higher inhibition rate (%Inhibition = 22.29) than the positive reference Donepezil (%Inhibition = 17.65).
|
['Acetylcholinesterase', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Survival', 'Drug Design', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Iridoids', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'PC12 Cells', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Rats', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 29,543,387
|
[['D08.811.277.352.100.170.176'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G04.346'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.450.675.500', 'D02.455.849.575.188.500', 'D03.383.663.491'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Atlas registration for edema-corrected MRI lesion volume in mouse stroke models.
|
Lesion volume measurements with magnetic resonance imaging are widely used to assess outcome in rodent models of stroke. In this study, we improved a mathematical framework to correct lesion size for edema which is based on manual delineation of the lesion and hemispheres. Furthermore, a novel MATLAB toolbox to register mouse brain MR images to the Allen brain atlas is presented. Its capability to calculate edema-corrected lesion size was compared to the manual approach. Automated image registration performed equally well in in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model (Pearson r = 0.976, p = 2.265e-11). Information encapsulated in the registration was used to generate maps of edema induced tissue volume changes. These showed discrepancies to simplified tissue models underlying the manual approach. The presented techniques provide biologically more meaningful, voxel-wise biomarkers of vasogenic edema after stroke.
|
['Animals', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Brain Edema', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Stroke']
| 28,829,217
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['C10.228.140.187'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of tolerance in quadruple chimeric mice.
|
Human cord blood (CB) contains hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Because the major limitation to a widespread use of CB for transplantation lies in its limited volume, it is necessary to combine the CB from several donors. In this study, we show that lethally irradiated mice can be reconstituted with the injection of a mixture of T cell-depleted bone marrow cells (BMCs; total, 3 x 10(6)) obtained from three fully allogeneic mouse strains in two different mouse combinations. A higher survival rate was obtained in the triple injection group than in mice injected with BMCs (1 x10(6)) obtained from a single mouse strain. In the mixed chimeric mice, three kinds of donor-type and recipient-type cells were detected in all the hematopoietic organs 1 month after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Mixed-lymphocyte reaction showed that the tolerance to both recipient-type and donor-type major histocompatibility complex determinants was induced in the chimeric mice. In the peripheral blood (PB) of these mice, only one type of cells from the three different donor strains became dominant in most chimeric mice and reached a stable level about 4 months after BMT. Polymerase chain reaction analyses, however, revealed that the skins from all the donors were accepted even when no cells with their phenotypes could be detected in the PB. These results suggest that both hemato-lymphoid reconstitution and stable tolerance to not only the recipient strain but also all the donor strains can be achieved in chimeric mice, indicating the possibility of mixed CB transplantation in humans.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Histocompatibility Antigens', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Phenotype', 'Skin', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Species Specificity', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transplantation Chimera', 'Transplantation Tolerance']
| 15,342,933
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.312', 'E04.936.225.687.312'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['D23.050.301.500', 'D23.050.705.552'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['G05.695'], ['A17.815'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['G16.824'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['B05.200.750'], ['G12.535.425.955']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of the Thai motorcycle transition on road traffic injury: Thai Cohort Study results.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of motorcycle to car transitioning and urbanisation on traffic injury rates in Thailand.DESIGN: Analysis of two consecutive surveys of a large national cohort study.SETTING: Thailand.PARTICIPANTS: The data derived from 57,154 Thai Cohort Study (TCS) participants who provided relevant data on both the 2005 and 2009 surveys.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Motorcycle and car traffic crash injury self-reported in 2009, with twelve months' recall.RESULTS: In 2009, 5608(10%) participants reported a traffic crash injury. Most crashes involved a motorcycle (74%). Car access increased and motorcycle use decreased between 2005 and 2009. Among those who used a motorcycle at both time points, traffic injury incidence was 2.8 times greater compared to those who did not use a motorcycle at either time point. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test longitudinal and cross sectional factors associated with traffic crash injury: in the adjusted model, cars were negatively and motorcycles positively associated with injury. Living in an urban area was not injury protective in the adjusted model of traffic crash injury.CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing urbanisation in Thailand can be expected to lead to further reductions in road traffic injuries based on transition from motorcycles to cars in urban areas. Cities, however, do not provide an intrinsically safer traffic environment. To accommodate a safe transition to car use in Thailand, traffic infrastructural changes anticipating the growing car density in urban areas is warranted.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Adult', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motorcycles', 'Thailand']
| 25,826,214
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.937.500.500'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A transcriptional silencer controls the developmental expression of the CD4 gene.
|
The appropriate expression of the CD4 glycoprotein is required for T-cell function and development. Here we define the transcriptional control elements in the CD4 locus that convey CD(4+)-specific expression of a marker gene in transgenic mice. Using nuclear run-on experiments, we have determined that the major mechanism for CD4 expression control during development is transcriptional. We have identified a developmental stage- and tissue-specific negative regulatory element in the first intron of the murine CD4 gene that has the characteristics of a transcriptional silencer. The CD4 silencer functions to inhibit marker gene expression at two different stages of T-cell development, as well as in non-T hematopoietic cells, and thus is the critical controlling element responsible for T-cell-specific, as well as developmental- and subclass-specific, expression.
|
['Animals', 'CD4 Antigens', 'CD8 Antigens', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genetic Markers', 'HLA-B7 Antigen', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Models, Genetic', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Thymus Gland', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 8,062,832
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.025', 'D23.050.301.264.894.100', 'D23.101.100.894.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.108', 'D23.101.100.894.108'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['G05.308'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.500.070', 'D12.776.543.550.439.500.070', 'D23.050.301.500.100.500.070', 'D23.050.301.500.450.380.070', 'D23.050.705.552.100.500.070', 'D23.050.705.552.450.380.070'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structure and expression of three src2 homologues and a novel subfamily of flavoprotein monooxygenase genes revealed by the analysis of a 25kb fragment from Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome IV.
|
Biological and computer-assisted analyses of a 25kb fragment from Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome IV led to the characterization of two multigene families and three novel orphan genes, not previously described. The first gene family named AtMO1-4 encodes monooxygenases, related to the prokaryotic salicylate hydroxylases. The second gene family contains three members, two on the analysed 25kb fragment and one on chromosome I. The latter three genes lack introns and are homologous to the previously studied Glycine max src2 gene which is overexpressed at low temperature. Gene expression and primary structure of the deduced proteins are described and compared. Three genes of unknown function, showing tissue specific expressions, are characterized on the 25kb fragment. Full length or partial cognate cDNAs have been sequenced for all the genes studied.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Arabidopsis', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Flavoproteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genes, src', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oxygenases', 'Sequence Alignment']
| 10,216,258
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D12.776.331'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.570'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.682.690'], ['E05.393.751']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on myelopoiesis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
|
We administered recombinant (biosynthetic) human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to 16 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and leukopenia (2225 +/- 614 cells per microliter [mean +/- SD]). Each patient first received a single intravenous dose; 48 hours later a 14-day continuous intravenous infusion of the agent was begun. The doses used were 1.3 X 10(3) (n = 4), 2.6 X 10(3) (n = 4), 5.2 X 10(3) (n = 4), 1.0 X 10(4) (n = 3), or 2.0 X 10(4) (n = 1) U per kilogram of body weight per day. Administration of recombinant GM-CSF resulted in dose-dependent increases in circulating leukocytes and in increases in circulating neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. The peak leukocyte count ranged from 4575 +/- 2397 cells per microliter at the lowest dose, to 48,700 in the patient receiving the highest dose. Mild side effects--low-grade fever, myalgia, phlebitis, and flushing--were observed in some patients; there were no life-threatening toxic reactions. Our data demonstrate that recombinant human GM-CSF is well tolerated and biologically active in leukopenic patients with AIDS. Strategies to increase the number and function of circulating leukocytes may reduce the morbidity and mortality of infections in these and other patients with leukopenia.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone Marrow', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-3', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 3,497,344
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A15.382.216'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.400', 'D12.644.276.374.465.032', 'D12.776.395.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.032', 'D23.529.374.410.240.400', 'D23.529.374.465.169'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Current status of chronic cough treatment in Chinese children].
|
OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively understand the current situation of the treatment of chronic cough in Chinese children and provide evidence for a reasonable standard therapy.METHOD: According to the 2008 Guideline of diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children that were formulated by The Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, the questionnaire of the cause of chronic cough in children was designed and 29 hospitals in 19 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions were enrolled. Cases with chronic cough completed 3-month follow-up during May 2009 to April 2010 and information about drug treatment was collected. All data were input through Epidata 3.0 and SPSS19.0 software for statistical analysis.RESULT: Totally 4 529 cases were eligible (the passing rate is 98.8%). The leading three causes were cough variant asthma (CVA), upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) and post-infectious cough (PIC). The drug treatment was given to 3 537 cases (77.2%) at the first visit, and 1 044 cases (22.8%) were not given the treatment but were followed up for observation. In the follow-up period 2 524 cases adhered to medication (55.1%), 2 057 cases (44.9%) failed to adhere to treatment. The leading three medications in CVA patients was leukotriene receptor antagonists (81.68%), antihistamines (50.53%) and beta 2 agonists (37.77%). Follow-up showed that the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was on the rise and by the third month it was listed the second (10.74%). No significant difference (P = 0.092> 0.05) was found among the the effect of drugs used alone but there was significant difference among combinations (P = 0.006). Beta 2 agonists play a special role in the diagnosis and treatment of CVA. In UACS children, 49.80% cases used antimicrobial agents at first visit. Follow-up showed rapid decrease of antimicrobial usage and ICS use increased to the second position. Antihistamines and leukotriene combined with inhaled corticosteroids scheme had the best effect, 61.35% of PIC children were already given antimicrobial drugs before enrollment, compared with CVA (P = 0.000 1) and the utilization rate declined with a clear diagnosis. The effects of beta lactams and macrolides had no significant difference (P = 0.052).CONCLUSION: The choices of treatment for chronic cough in Chinese children are diverse, which is related to overlapping in etiology, diagnosis and the regional drug sources and habits in use of drugs. Currently, leukotriene receptor antagonists are at the first place in children with chronic cough medicine, but its effect was not significantly different from those of beta 2 agonists, antihistamines monotherapy. ICS has not been widely recognized in the treatment of children with chronic cough, even in the CVA. Rational use of antimicrobial agents has been improved. Pediatricians' understanding of chronic cough is being improved. We emphasize the principle of watching, waiting and follow-up in children with chronic cough. Effect on the determination of some CVA patients 1 to 3 months follow-up period is still too inadequate and may be considered appropriate to extend, while cases of multiple etiologies need to extend more observation and waiting time.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cough', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Histamine H1 Antagonists', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Leukotriene Antagonists', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,824,384
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.200'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425.400', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['D06.347.565', 'D27.505.696.399.450.565'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Lipids and lipoproteins among Ethiopian immigrants: comparison of operations Solomon and Moses.
|
Lipid and lipoprotein levels and body mass index were compared between two immigrations of Ethiopian Jews to Israel. Those who came in Operation Moses in 1984-85 were survivors of a long trek across hundreds of kilometers and severe food deprivation. Those who immigrated in Operation Solomon in 1991 were bussed from their villages to Addis Ababa where public health care and food were provided and a few months later they were airlifted to Israel. Total cholesterol among the Operation Solomon immigrants was higher than those obtained in Operation Moses in the different age-groups studied, in both sexes. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly higher and triglycerides lower in Operation Solomon compared with those of Operation Moses. Body mass indices of the Ethiopians in both immigrations were significantly lower than in the Israeli-born population but those who arrived in 1991 were heavier than those in the 1984-85 Operation Moses. The data on the Ethiopian Jews who arrived in Operation Solomon were not affected by the environmental hardships experienced by those who arrived in the 1984-85 Operation Moses. Therefore their exposure to a Western life-style, such as smoking, contraceptive use, change in diet and its effect on arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease will be of great interest.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Emigration and Immigration', 'Ethiopia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Israel', 'Jews', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 8,349,449
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.240.600.525.500', 'N01.224.625.525.500', 'N06.850.505.400.700.525.500'], ['Z01.058.290.120.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['M01.686.754.600'], ['D10'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vital records in the development of injury control research.
|
Most of the resources of the emergency physician are devoted to persons already injured, with little emphasis on prevention. Analyses of state and local injury statistics are necessary to identify local prevention needs in order to set program priorities. We discuss an example, an analysis of statewide injury fatalities identified through the Illinois Vital Records database. The overall death rate for injuries in illinois was lower than that found for the United States. However, the need for research on several high-risk age groups for certain injuries was identified. Most notably, the homicide rate for those 15 to 24 years old was 140% of the national rate. Other specific nonwhite age groups were overrepresented in poisoning, fire, and firearm deaths, while specific white age groups were overrepresented in suicide, fall, and drowning deaths. The research regarding the etiologies of these injuries and the formulation and evaluation of prevention strategies based on this research must be interdisciplinary. The emergency physician is in a unique position to serve as a member of such an interdisciplinary injury control team, but currently there is little emphasis on or training for this role.
|
['African Americans', 'Age Factors', 'Cause of Death', 'Emergencies', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Humans', 'Illinois', 'Sex Factors', 'Vital Statistics', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 2,923,338
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.985', 'N01.224.935', 'N06.850.505.400.975', 'N06.850.520.308.985'], ['C26']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of benzodiazepine receptor ligands and ethanol in rats trained to discriminate pregnanolone.
|
Although GABA(A) receptor positive modulators share many behavioral effects, subtle differences have been detected among their discriminative stimulus effects. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent of shared discriminative stimulus effects of pregnanolone with various benzodiazepine receptor ligands and with ethanol. Naive male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate the endogenous neuroactive steroid pregnanolone (5.6 or 8.0 mg/kg) from vehicle. The benzodiazepine receptor agonists, triazolam and lorazepam, the benzodiazepine receptor partial agonist, bretazenil, the benzodiazepine1 (BZ1) receptor subtype selective agonists, zolpidem and zaleplon and ethanol were tested. Triazolam, lorazepam and bretazenil substituted for pregnanolone. Lorazepam, but not triazolam or bretazenil, decreased response rates at the highest dose tested. Zaleplon completely substituted for pregnanolone with no effect on response rates. Zolpidem substituted for pregnanolone only at a dose that severely disrupted response rates. Ethanol partially substituted for pregnanolone and decreased response rates. The results are consistent with GABA(A) receptor mediation of the discriminative stimulus effects of pregnanolone. The effects on response rates suggest subtle differentiation among the GABA(A) receptor-mediated cues.
|
['Animals', 'Benzodiazepinones', 'Central Nervous System Depressants', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ethanol', 'GABA Modulators', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Lorazepam', 'Male', 'Pregnanolone', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Triazolam']
| 11,164,076
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070'], ['D27.505.696.277', 'D27.505.954.427.210'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.500', 'D27.505.696.577.240.500'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.450'], ['D04.210.500.745.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Forearm glucose uptake in cirrhosis and its relationship to glucose tolerance.
|
1. Oral glucose-tolerance tests (100 g) were carried out in six patients with stable well-compensated cryptogenic cirrhosis and in 12 control subjects. 2. In confirmation of previous studies, patients with cirrhosis had high post-glucose serum insulin levels and were glucose intolerant (mean incremental glucose area 954 +/- 186 compared with 482 +/- 35 mmol 3 h-1 l-1 in controls; P < 0.05). 3. Forearm arteriovenous differences of glucose and forearm blood flow were measured to estimate the proportion of the glucose load metabolized in peripheral tissues. Values in cirrhotic patients and control subjects (5614 +/- 1630 compared with 5344 +/- 672 mumol of glucose min-1 l-1 of forearm in 3 h) were similar despite higher glucose levels and sustained high insulin levels in the cirrhotic patients. 4. Peak lactate concentrations after glucose were of similar magnitude in the two groups (0.66 +/- 0.12 compared with 0.62 +/- 0.75 mmol/l) but in the patients with cirrhosis the peak occurred later and was more sustained. 5. The glucose intolerance of cirrhosis is primarily due to impaired hepatic retention of the glucose load. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues may also be important since the higher insulin concentrations found in cirrhotic patients failed to enhance peripheral glucose uptake.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Female', 'Forearm', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Lactates', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 7,000,417
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[An analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B superinfected with acute hepatitis E].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical features of the patients with hepatitis B superinfected with acute hepatitis E (AHE).METHODS: Totally 625 consecutive patients enrolled from Dec 2002 to Dec 2006 were studied retrospectively. All of the patients were subclassified into acute hepatitis E group (AHE=437 cases) and Superinfected Group (S=188 cases), and S group was further divided into the group of chronic hepatitis B superinfected with acute hepatitis E (CHB+AHE, 130 cases) and the group of liver cirrhosis and hepatitis B superinfected with acute hepatitis E (LCB+AHE, 58 cases). In 32 of the 188 superinfected patients the effects of HEV on HBV were observed by comparing the levels of HBV DNA in acute vs. convalescence stages.RESULTS: Compared with the patients with AHE, the superinfected patients had a higher level of total bilirubin (TBil), an elevated frequency of fulminate hepatitis, mortality and a longer period of the mean hospital stay for the cured patients but significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum albumin and prothrombin activity (PA). Furthermore, the group of LCB+AHE had a higher level of TBil and higher incidences of complications such as ascites, peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy and disturbance in glycometabolism than the group of CHB+AHE. The follow-up for the superinfected patients showed that 20 of 32 patients (62.5 percent) had decreased copies of HBV DNA during the recovery phase compared with the acute phase, and the mean decrease of HBV DNA was 2.1 log10. The HBV DNA was in a persistently undetectable level in 6 of 32 (18.8 percent) superinfected patients. However, 4 of 32 patients (12.5 percent) showed an unchanged levels of HBV DNA and 2 cases (6.2 percent) had a slightly increased HBV DNA levels.CONCLUSION: Superinfection with AHE in patients with chronic hepatitis B leads to a more severe hepatic damage and the replication of HBV DNA can be transiently inhibited.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Hepatitis E', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Virus Replication']
| 18,322,591
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['C01.925.440.470', 'C01.925.782.455', 'C06.552.380.705.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Risk Factor Analysis of the Incidence of Subsequent Adjacent Vertebral Fracture After Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery with Instrumentation.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for adjacent vertebral compression fractures after lumbar spinal fusion with instrumentation.METHODS: A total of 669 patients who received lumbar instrumented spinal fusion between January 2012 and December 2015 were divided into 2 groups according to whether the adjacent vertebral body was fractured. The covariates recorded were age, sex, bone mineral density, and the number of fixed segments. The anatomic variables were pelvic incidence angle (PI), preoperative lumbar lordosis angle (Pre-LL), postoperative lumbar lordosis angle (Post-LL), Pre-LL minus Post-LL (Loss of LL), postoperative pelvic tilt (Post-PT), postoperative sacral slope, Pre-PI-LL mismatch (Pre-PI minus Pre-LL), and Post-PI-LL mismatch (Post-PI minus Post-LL). A 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with the aforementioned parameters, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relative risk factors.RESULTS: The 669 patients were followed-up for a mean of 2.7 ± 1.1 years (range, 2-4 years). Twenty-seven patients demonstrated fractures in the adjacent vertebral body after surgery. Analysis by 1-way ANOVA demonstrated that age, PI, Pre-LL, Post-LL, Loss of LL, Post-PI-LL mismatch, Post-PT, and osteoporosis were potential risk factors (all parameters, P < 0.001). Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis showed that a large Loss of LL, osteoporosis, and old age were also risk factors for adjacent vertebral compression fractures.CONCLUSIONS: A greater Loss of LL, osteoporosis, and advanced age may be risk factors for fractures in the adjacent vertebral body of the fixed segment after lumbar fusion fixation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Fractures, Compression', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Lumbosacral Region', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Spinal Fractures', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 31,715,415
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['C26.404.195'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['A01.923.176.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C26.117.500.500', 'C26.404.812'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of an injectable platelet-rich fibrin on osteoblast behavior and bone tissue formation in comparison to platelet-rich plasma.
|
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been utilized for many years as a regenerative agent capable of inducing vascularization of various tissues using blood-derived growth factors. Despite this, drawbacks mostly related to the additional use of anti-coagulants found in PRP have been shown to inhibit the wound healing process. For these reasons, a novel platelet concentrate has recently been developed with no additives by utilizing lower centrifugation speeds. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate osteoblast behavior of this novel therapy (injectable-platelet-rich fibrin; i-PRF, 100% natural with no additives) when compared to traditional PRP. Human primary osteoblasts were cultured with either i-PRF or PRP and compared to control tissue culture plastic. A live/dead assay, migration assay as well as a cell adhesion/proliferation assay were investigated. Furthermore, osteoblast differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red and osteocalcin staining, as well as real-time PCR for genes encoding Runx2, ALP, collagen1 and osteocalcin. The results showed that all cells had high survival rates throughout the entire study period irrespective of culture-conditions. While PRP induced a significant 2-fold increase in osteoblast migration, i-PRF demonstrated a 3-fold increase in migration when compared to control tissue-culture plastic and PRP. While no differences were observed for cell attachment, i-PRF induced a significantly higher proliferation rate at three and five days when compared to PRP. Furthermore, i-PRF induced significantly greater ALP staining at 7 days and alizarin red staining at 14 days. A significant increase in mRNA levels of ALP, Runx2 and osteocalcin, as well as immunofluorescent staining of osteocalcin was also observed in the i-PRF group when compared to PRP. In conclusion, the results from the present study favored the use of the naturally-formulated i-PRF when compared to traditional PRP with anti-coagulants. Further investigation into the direct role of fibrin and leukocytes contained within i-PRF are therefore warranted to better elucidate their positive role in i-PRF on tissue wound healing.
|
['Blood Platelets', 'Bone Regeneration', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteogenesis', 'Platelet-Rich Fibrin', 'Platelet-Rich Plasma', 'Wound Healing']
| 28,351,189
|
[['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['G11.427.213.140', 'G16.762.150.150'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.629'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['A12.207.152.693.600.500', 'A12.207.270.695.600.500', 'A15.145.693.600.500'], ['A12.207.152.693.600', 'A12.207.270.695.600', 'A15.145.693.600'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chemical and statistical interpretation of sized aerosol particles collected at an urban site in Thessaloniki, Greece.
|
The size distribution of aerosol particles (PM0.015-PM18) in relation to their soluble inorganic species and total water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) was investigated at an urban site of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. The sampling period was from February to July 2007. The determined compounds were compared with mass concentrations of the PM fractions for nano (N: 0.015 < Dp < 0.06), ultrafine (UFP: 0.015 < Dp < 0.125), fine (FP: 0.015 < Dp < 2.0) and coarse particles (CP: 2.0 < Dp < 8.0) in order to perform mass closure of the water soluble content for the respective fractions. Electrolytes were the dominant species in all fractions (24-27%), followed by WSOC (16-23%). The water soluble inorganic and organic content was found to account for 53% of the nanoparticle, 48% of the ultrafine particle, 45% of the fine particle and 44% of the coarse particle mass. Correlations between the analyzed species were performed and the effect of local and long-range transported emissions was examined by wind direction and backward air mass trajectories. Multivariate statistical analysis (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) of the collected data was performed in order to reveal the specific data structure. Possible sources of air pollution were identified and an attempt is made to find patterns of similarity between the different sized aerosols and the seasons of monitoring. It was proven that several major latent factors are responsible for the data structure despite the size of the aerosols - mineral (soil) dust, sea sprays, secondary emissions, combustion sources and industrial impact. The seasonal separation proved to be not very specific.
|
['Aerosols', 'Air Movements', 'Air Pollutants', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Greece', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Particle Size', 'Particulate Matter', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Seasons', 'Solubility']
| 24,007,436
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['G16.500.175.249', 'G16.500.275.063.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.150.185'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G02.712'], ['D20.633'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Enzymatic synthesis of solid phase-bound DNA sequences corresponding to specific mammalian genes.
|
With oligo(dT)-cellulose as primer, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of cellulose-bound DNA that is complementary to mouse globin mRNA. The resulting cellulose-bound or solid phase complementary DNA hybridizes specifically with globin mRNA and permits the recovery of intact globin mRNA. This simple technique for the synthesis of solid phase-bound complementary DNA provides an additional and convenient method for the purification of specific genetic sequences.
|
['Animals', 'Avian Myeloblastosis Virus', 'Base Sequence', 'Cellulose', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'DNA', 'Genes', 'Globins', 'Immunoglobulins', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Mice', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Oligonucleotides', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Templates, Genetic', 'Thymine Nucleotides']
| 4,139,705
|
[['B01.050'], ['B04.613.807.070.110', 'B04.820.650.070.110'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750'], ['G05.360.840'], ['D03.383.742.686.706', 'D13.695.201.789', 'D13.695.740.706']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three-dimensional mapping of cortical thickness using Laplace's equation.
|
We present a novel, computerized method of examining cerebral cortical thickness. The normal cortex varies in thickness from 2 to 4 mm, reflecting the morphology of neuronal sublayers. Cortical pathologies often manifest abnormal variations in thickness, with examples of Alzheimer's disease and cortical dysplasia as thin and thick cortex, respectively. Radiologically, images are 2-D slices through a highly convoluted 3-D object. Depending on the relative orientation of the slices with respect to the object, it is impossible to deduce abnormal cortical thickness without additional information from neighboring slices. We approach the problem by applying Laplace's Equation (V2psi = 0) from mathematical physics. The volume of the cortex is represented as the domain for the solution of the differential equation, with separate boundary conditions at the gray-white junction and the gray-CSF junction. Normalized gradients of psi form a vector field, representing tangent vectors along field lines connecting both boundaries. We define the cortical thickness at any point in the cortex to be the pathlength along such lines. Key advantages of this method are that it is fully three-dimensional, and the thickness is uniquely defined for any point in the cortex. We present graphical results that map cortical thickness everywhere in a normal brain. Results show global variations in cortical thickness consistent with known neuroanatomy. The application of this technique to visualization of cortical thickness in brains with known pathology has broad clinical implications.
|
['Algorithms', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Models, Neurological']
| 10,997,850
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.599.395.642']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glutamate ameliorates experimental vincristine neuropathy.
|
The dose-limiting toxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine is peripheral neuropathy, for which there is no established therapy. The amino acid glutamate has been proposed as a neuroprotectant for vincristine, but a full preclinical evaluation of its efficacy, safety and mechanism of action has been hampered by a lack of suitable animal models. We report the development of a Dark Agouti rat model of sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, to investigate the neurotoxicity of cytotoxic drugs. Neuropathy was manifested as gait disturbance in 100% of vincristine-treated animals (n = 12), significant elevation of the tail-flick threshold (5.1 +/- 2 sec) and significantly impaired mean Rotarod times (55 +/- 41 sec) developing after administration of 1.5 mg/kg vincristine over 2 weeks. Among vincristine-treated animals supplemented p.o. with sodium glutamate (500 mg/kg/day in drinking water) from 24 hr before vincristine treatment, only one (8%, P = .01) developed gait disturbance, the tall-flick threshold was not significantly different from controls and the mean Rotarod score was 188 +/- 18 sec (P = .004). Glutamate thus significantly protected against both sensory and motor neuropathy. We observed no intrinsic neurotoxicity with glutamate and no interference with the cytotoxic efficacy of vincristine against a transplantable rat mammary adenocarcinoma grown s.c. in Dark Agouti rats. Our findings suggest that glutamate is likely to be a safe and effective neuroprotectant for patients receiving vincristine, and it warrants further clinical evaluation. The mechanism of this selective neuroprotection by glutamate remains to be elucidated. Our rat model may be of use in determining whether glutamate offers protection from other neurotoxic drugs.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Motor Activity', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Rats', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Vincristine']
| 8,859,020
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['C10.668.829'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel fast dissolving film formulation of flupentixol dihydrochloride.
|
The objective of the present study was to develop fast dissolving oral film of the antipsychotic drug, flupentixol dihydrochloride, to enhance its bioavailability, optimize its therapeutic effect when used to treat depression with anxiety, and increase the convenience and compliance by the mentally ill, developmentally disable, elderly, and pediatric patients. Six formulae were prepared with different concentrations of water-soluble polymers vis. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E5) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by solvent casting technique. The prepared films were subjected to characterization for folding endurance, weight variations, thickness, disintegration time, drug release pattern, and drug content. Physical compatibility between the drug and excipients was guaranteed in the selected formulation (2% HPMC) by means of differential scanning calorimetry analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This formulation revealed high stability after testing according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. In vivo studies based on single phase parallel design were carried out for the optimized formulation in healthy human volunteers. The concentration of flupentixol dihydrochloride in plasma samples was analyzed by a developed validated LC-MS/MS assay method and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the established formulation were compared with the commercially available oral tablets. Faster rate of absorption of flupentixol could be obtained from the oral film formulation and the relative bioavailability was found to be 151.06% compared to the marketed product.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Biological Availability', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Excipients', 'Flupenthixol', 'Humans', 'Hypromellose Derivatives', 'Male', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Solubility', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Tablets', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical', 'Young Adult']
| 25,142,820
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['D09.698.365.180.663.329'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['D02.886.952.360', 'D03.383.606.460', 'D03.633.300.953.704.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.357', 'D09.698.365.180.455', 'D25.720.099.500.719', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500.719'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.805'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['D26.255.830'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy as preoperative treatment for localized gastric adenocarcinoma.
|
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate dosimetric parameters, acute toxicity, pathologic response, and local control in patients treated with preoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy for localized gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS: Between November 2007 and April 2010, 25 patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with induction chemotherapy, followed by preoperative IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy and, finally, surgical resection. The median radiation therapy dose was 45 Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy was 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in 18 patients, capecitabine in 3, and other regimens in 4. Subsequently, resection was performed with total gastrectomy in 13 patients, subtotal gastrectomy in 7, and other surgeries in 5.RESULTS: Target coverage, expressed as the ratio of the minimum dose received by 99% of the planning target volume to the prescribed dose, was a median of 0.97 (range, 0.92-1.01). The median V(30) (percentage of volume receiving at least 30 Gy) for the liver was 26%; the median V(20) (percentage of volume receiving at least 20 Gy) for the right and left kidneys was 14% and 24%, respectively; and the median V(40) (percentage of volume receiving at least 40 Gy) for the heart was 18%. Grade 3 acute toxicity developed in 14 patients (56%), including dehydration in 10, nausea in 8, and anorexia in 5. Grade 4 acute toxicity did not develop in any patient. There were no significant differences in the rates of acute toxicity, hospitalization, or feeding tube use in comparison to those in a group of 50 patients treated with preoperative three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy. R0 resection was obtained in 20 patients (80%), and pathologic complete response occurred in 5 (20%).CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative IMRT for gastric adenocarcinoma was well tolerated, accomplished excellent target coverage and normal structure sparing, and led to appropriate pathologic outcomes.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anorexia', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Capecitabine', 'Chemoradiotherapy', 'Dehydration', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Docetaxel', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Gastrectomy', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Induction Chemotherapy', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nausea', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'Preoperative Care', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Taxoids', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,137,021
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.888.821.108'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.425', 'D03.383.742.698.875.404.425', 'D13.570.230.329.313', 'D13.570.685.245.500.425'], ['E02.186.079', 'E02.319.164', 'E02.815.160'], ['C18.452.950.179', 'C23.550.274'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500', 'D13.570.230.329', 'D13.570.685.245.500'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['E04.210.419'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.499', 'E02.860.500'], ['A05.810.453'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['D02.691.788'], ['D02.257.750'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Predation mechanisms of Rapana venosa (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in different biotopes along the Black Sea coast.
|
Mechanisms of feeding by the invasive gastropod Rapana venosa from different biotopes of 11 sites along the Black Sea coast are discussed. Two methods--edge-drilling and suffocation--are used, but the prevailing method in a particular biotope depends on the type of bivalve prey. Drill signs were present on almost all shells of Chamelea gallina, captured by rapa whelks in field conditions, while in a field experiment, only 11% of all empty Mytilus galloprovincialis had drilling signatures. The degree of radula abrasion was also dependent on the available bivalves: it was the highest in biotopes with C. gallina and juvenile mussels, and the lowest in biotopes with large mussels. Intermediate degrees of abrasion were observed in biotopes with mixed prey: C. gallina and Anadara kagoshimensis, C. gallina and mussels, or small and large mussels. Since we observed only initial signs of drilling, simultaneous application of boring and suffocation could take place.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Black Sea', 'Food Chain', 'Gastropoda', 'Introduced Species', 'Predatory Behavior', 'Russia', 'Ukraine']
| 26,242,971
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['Z01.756.217'], ['G16.500.275.157.250', 'N06.230.124.250'], ['B01.050.500.644.400'], ['B01.050.050.580', 'G16.500.275.157.049.400', 'N06.230.124.049.400'], ['F01.145.113.111.600', 'F01.145.113.252.520'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775'], ['Z01.542.248.960', 'Z01.542.931.960', 'Z01.586.950.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Runoff transport of pyrethroids from a residential lawn in central California.
|
An irrigation runoff study on a residential lawn was conducted in California, northeast of Sacramento, during the summer and fall of 2008 to investigate the contribution of turf uses of pyrethroids to residues in Californian urban creek sediments. This study examined how over irrigation (i.e., irrigation that produces runoff) in the summer season may transport recently applied pyrethroids. The study included liquid and granular applications of both bifenthrin [(2-methyl-3-phenyl-phenyl) methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate] and beta-cyfluthrin [Cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate]. Generally, runoff did not occur at irrigation rates of 2.03 cm/h (0.8 in/h) but did occur when the irrigation rates were increased to about 3.81 cm/h (1.5 in/h), generating chemical losses in the first runoff event of up to 0.58 and 0.08% of applied for beta-cyfluthrin and bifenthrin, respectively. Chemical runoff losses dropped significantly between over-irrigation events with the third over-irrigation event chemical runoff losses representing 0.026 and 0.015% of applied for beta-cyfluthrin and bifenthrin, respectively. Runoff losses were generally less for liquid formulations than granular formulations but within a factor of three. Additionally, the study included a simulated winter rainstorm 8 wk after application. The low runoff losses from turf seen in this study suggest that other sources could be contributing to observed residues in urban streams. Other sources could include pyrethroids ending up on impervious surfaces, such as concrete driveways from off-target applications to turf, spills, and other poor handling practices, or pyrechroids applied directly to impervious surfaces for insect control.
|
['Animals', 'California', 'Cities', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Insecticides', 'Pyrethrins', 'Seasons', 'Water Movements', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Supply']
| 21,520,766
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D02.455.849.575.188.750'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G16.500.971', 'N06.230.132.644.750', 'N06.230.850'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of measured resting energy expenditure versus predictive equations in pediatric burn patients.
|
Many equations have been developed to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) in thermally injured patients. A consensus has not been reached on the accuracy of these equations in children. The purpose of our study was to compare three predictive equations: Harris Benedict x 2 multiplier (HB x 2), Mayes (MG), and the WorId Health Organization x 2 multiplier (WHO x 2) with measured resting energy expenditure x I.3 multiplier (MREE x 1.3) in pediatric burn patients. MREE was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry in 10 burned children (6 boys, 4 girls) aged 2 to 10 years with TBSA burn ranges from 35% to 97%. MREE x 1.3 was compared with values obtained by HB x 2, MG, and WHO x 2 predictive equations. When comparing MREE x 1.3 with all three equations, significant differences were found when compared with HB x 2 and MG, but there were no significant difference between MREE x 1.3 vs WHO x 2. The HB x 2 and MG equations overpredicted MREE x 1.3 by 29% and 19%, respectively. Many predictive equations have been developed to predict energy expenditure in burns, but their accuracy in predicting MREE x 1.3 is variable. A larger study comparing/contrasting predictive equations and resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry is needed to improve the prediction of energy needs in burned children.
|
['Basal Metabolism', 'Breath Tests', 'Burns', 'Calorimetry, Indirect', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Child', 'Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Child, Preschool', 'Energy Intake', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nutritional Requirements', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 16,278,559
|
[['G03.295.154'], ['E01.370.100'], ['C26.200'], ['E05.196.131.655'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G07.203.650.220'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.203.650.620'], ['G03.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Selectively deposited silver coatings on gold-capped silicon nanowires for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
|
Gold caps on silicon nanowires are selectively coated with silver by autometallography (electroless deposition). Changing the conditions of silver deposition, a variety of different coating morphologies can be produced [figure: see text]. The different silver coating morphologies are investigated in terms of their capabilities for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) experiments.Gold caps on silicon nanowires are hemispherical and only a few tens of nanometers in diameter when grown from metal catalysts by the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism using chemical vapor deposition. These gold caps are capable of enhancing Raman signals based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect. The Raman signal can be enhanced even further (by at least one order of magnitude) when silver is selectively deposited onto these gold caps by autometallography (electroless deposition). By changing the silver deposition conditions, different coating morphologies can be realized on the gold caps that range from very thin, smooth layers to uneven and extremely rough coatings. The SERS signal enhancement and the spatial homogeneity of the achievable enhancement are compared for the different silver coatings using a model dye molecule.
|
['Gold', 'Nanowires', 'Silicon', 'Silver', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman']
| 19,399,821
|
[['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['J01.637.512.925'], ['D01.268.513.937'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polypharmacy in nursing home residents in the United States: results of the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey.
|
BACKGROUND: Despite the need for and benefits of medications, polypharmacy (defined here as concurrent use of > or =9 medications) in nursing home residents is a concern. As the number of medications taken increases, so does the risk for adverse events. Monitoring polypharmacy in this population is important and can improve the quality of nursing home care.OBJECTIVES: The aims of this article were to estimate the use of polypharmacy in residents of nursing homes in the United States, to examine the associations between select resident and facility characteristics and polypharmacy, and to determine the leading therapeutic subclasses included in the polypharmacy received by these nursing home residents.METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of US nursing home residents in 2004; the outcome was use of polypharmacy. The 2004 National Nursing Home Survey was used to collect medication data and other resident and facility information. Resident characteristics included age, sex, race, primary payment source, number of comorbidities, number of activities of daily living (ADLs) for which the resident required assistance, and length of stay (LOS) since admission. Facility characteristics included ownership and size (number of beds).RESULTS: Of 13,507 nursing home residents who received care, 13,403 had valid responses for all 9 independent variables in the analyses. The prevalence of polypharmacy among nursing home residents in 2004 was approximately 40%. A multiple regression model controlling for resident and facility factors revealed that the odds of receiving polypharmacy were higher for residents who were female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.20), were white, had Medicaid as a primary payer, had >3 comorbidities (OR = 1.57-5.18; 95% CI, 1.36-6.15), needed assistance with < or =4 ADLs, had an LOS since admission of 3 to <6 months (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50), and received care in a small, not- for-profit facility (data not shown for reference levels [OR = 1.00]). The most frequently reported medications for residents who received polypharmacy included gastrointestinal agents (laxatives, 47.5%; agents for acid/peptic disorders, 43.3%), drugs that affect the central nervous system (antidepressants, 46.3%; antipsychotics or antimanics, 25.9%), and pain relievers (nonnarcotic analgesics, 43.6%; antipyretics, 41.2%; antiarthritics, 31.2%).CONCLUSIONS: Despite awareness of polypharmacy and its potential consequences in older patients, results of our analysis suggest that polypharmacy remains widespread in US nursing homes. Although complex medication regimens are often necessary for nursing home residents, monitoring polypharmacy and its consequences may improve the quality of nursing home care and reduce unnecessary health care spending related to adverse events.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Homes', 'Polypharmacy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'United States']
| 20,226,393
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['J03.775.462', 'N02.278.825.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['E02.319.698'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Examining the proteins of functional retinal lipofuscin using proteomic analysis as a guide for understanding its origin.
|
PURPOSE: To elucidate the origins of biologically active retinal lipofuscin (RLF) by examining its protein composition.METHODS: Total protein and total lipid were extracted and quantified. Proteins in this lipoprotein granule were identified by limited-scale proteomic analysis using both two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE coupled with MALDI-QqToF MSMS and automated LCMSMS, respectively.RESULTS: RLF granules were 44% protein and 50% lipid. Proteomic analyses identified 41 constituent proteins. Hydrophobic proteins and several proteins specific to photoreceptors, including rhodopsin, that have not previously been reported, were identified. Extensive protein modification, especially oxidative damage, was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Proteins identified support the model that RLF accumulates in RPE cells as a result of the buildup of undigested material from the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. Perhaps oxidative damage renders some of these proteins indigestible and thus leads to the accumulation of RLF granules.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Lipofuscin', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Middle Aged', 'Pigment Epithelium of Eye', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 16,379,024
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.460', 'D23.767.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A09.371.670', 'A10.272.640'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Association between metabolic syndrome and intravesical prostatic protrusion in patients with benign prostatic enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms (MIPS Study).
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and morphological features of benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), including total prostate volume (TPV), transitional zone volume (TZV) and intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP).PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2015 and January 2017, 224 consecutive men aged >50 years presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of BPE were recruited to this multicentre cross-sectional study. MetS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation criteria. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were performed to verify factors associated with IPP, TZV and TPV.RESULTS: Patients with MetS were observed to have a significant increase in IPP (P < 0.01), TPV (P < 0.01) and TZV (P = 0.02). On linear regression analysis, adjusted for age and metabolic factors of MetS, we found that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was negatively associated with IPP (r = -0.17), TPV (r = -0.19) and TZV (r = -0.17), while hypertension was positively associated with IPP (r = 0.16), TPV (r = 0.19) and TZV (r = 0.16). On multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and factors of MetS, hypertension (categorical; odds ratio [OR] 2.95), HDL cholesterol (OR 0.94) and triglycerides (OR 1.01) were independent predictors of TPV ? 40 mL. We also found that HDL cholesterol (OR 0.86), hypertension (OR 2.0) and waist circumference (OR 1.09) were significantly associated with TZV ? 20 mL. On age-adjusted logistic regression analysis, MetS was significantly associated with IPP ? 10 mm (OR 34.0; P < 0.01), TZV ? 20 mL (OR 4.40; P < 0.01) and TPV ? 40 mL (OR 5.89; P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: We found an association between MetS and BPE, demonstrating a relationship with IPP.
|
['Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Size', 'Prognosis', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia']
| 28,872,764
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.942.343'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E01.789'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C12.294.565.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical score and arterial oxygen saturation in children with wheezing associated respiratory illness (WARI).
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation between clinical score (based on respiratory rate, chest wall retractions, air entry, wheezing, consciousness and audible wheezing) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2: measured by pulse oximetry) as well as the most appropriate total score for predicting hypoxemia (SaO2 < or = 95%) in children diagnosed to have wheezing associated respiratory illness (WARI).SUBJECTS: 70 children (1 month-5 years old) hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, Chulalongkorn Hospital with the diagnosis of WARI from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1996 were studied. Half of them were diagnosed to have acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) with wheezing while the remainder had reactive airway disease (RAD).DESIGN: Cross sectional, analytical study.METHODS: In each group of patients, the clinical score and SaO2 were assessed by the same pediatrician throughout the study. The correlation between the clinical signs and SaO2 as well as the cut off point of total score for predicting hypoxemia were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of that total score in predicting hypoxemia were also calculated.RESULT: In both groups of patients (acute LRI with wheezing and RAD group), the clinical signs correlated with SaO2 were wheezing (rs = -0.67 and -0.47 respectively) and chest wall retractions (rs = -0.57 and -0.59 respectively). Total score was also correlated with SaO2 (rs = -0.68 and -0.5 respectively). The cut off point of total score in predicting hypoxemia was 4 providing 80 per cent sensitivity in both groups with accuracy 74.3 per cent and 80 per cent respectively.CONCLUSION: This clinical score may be used to assess the severity of hypoxemia in WARI patients. Wheezing, chest wall retractions and total score correlated well with SaO2. The total score > 4 was most appropriate in predicting hypoxemia in both children with RAD and wheezing associated with LRI.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Oximetry', 'Oxygen', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Respiratory Physiological Phenomena', 'Respiratory Sounds', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 11,143,488
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['G09.772'], ['C23.888.852.779', 'E01.370.386.720', 'G09.772.775'], ['C08'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of grandmultiparity on pregnancy related complications: the Aga Khan University experience.
|
BACKGROUND: Grandmultiparity has been associated with complications for both mother and the fetus.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if grandmultiparity is a risk factor in the presence of adequate antenatal care.SETTING: A tertiary care teaching hospital.METHODS: It was a retrospective study conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi. During this period 9253 women were delivered, out of these 143 booked grandmultiparas (GMP) served as cases. The outcome of these women was compared with 430 non-grandmultiparas (NGMP). Logistic regression model was used to adjust for potential confounders.RESULTS: Grandmultiparas had almost three times increased risk of having postpartum hemorrhage compared to NGMP group. Similarly, there were significantly low five-minute apgars in the GMPs compared to the NGMP group. Although the neonatal intensive care admissions were three times more in the GMPs but this did not reach statistical significance due to small number of cases in both groups.CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that grandmultiparity is a risk factor for pregnancy in this part of the world, even in the presence of reasonable antenatal care. This may be explained on the basis of the increased age of these women. Finally, we also recommend that an age-matched study needs to be undertaken in order to determine if age is an important determinant for risk factors in grandmultiparas.
|
['Adult', 'Birth Weight', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Maternal Age', 'Parity', 'Postpartum Hemorrhage', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 10,769,523
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['C13.703.420.725', 'C13.703.844.700', 'C23.550.414.993.850'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
(Butylthio)carbonyl group: a new protecting group for the guanine and uracil residues in oligoribonucleotide synthesis.
|
The protection of the O6-amide and N2-amino groups of guanosine and the N3-imide group of uridine with the (butylthio)carbonyl group is described. This group could be rapidly introduced in good yields and removed very easily under the conventional deprotective conditions of the exo-amino acyl groups of other nucleoside bases.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Guanine', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oligoribonucleotides', 'Uracil']
| 3,226,925
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D13.695.578.424.500'], ['D03.383.742.698.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of Larval Density on Food Utilization Efficiency of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).
|
Crowding conditions of larvae may have a significant impact on commercial production efficiency of some insects, such as Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Although larval densities are known to affect developmental time and growth in T. molitor, no reports were found on the effects of crowding on food utilization. The effect of larval density on food utilization efficiency of T. molitor larvae was studied by measuring efficiency of ingested food conversion (ECI), efficiency of digested food conversion (EDC), and mg of larval weight gain per gram of food consumed (LWGpFC) at increasing larval densities (12, 24, 36, 48, 50, 62, 74, and 96 larvae per dm(2)) over four consecutive 3-wk periods. Individual larval weight gain and food consumption were negatively impacted by larval density. Similarly, ECI, ECD, and LWGpFC were negatively impacted by larval density. Larval ageing, measured as four consecutive 3-wk periods, significantly and independently impacted ECI, ECD, and LWGpFC in a negative way. General linear model analysis showed that age had a higher impact than density on food utilization parameters of T. molitor larvae. Larval growth was determined to be responsible for the age effects, as measurements of larval mass density (in grams of larvae per dm(2)) had a significant impact on food utilization parameters across ages and density treatments (in number of larvae per dm(2)). The importance of mass versus numbers per unit of area as measurements of larval density and the implications of negative effects of density on food utilization for insect biomass production are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Biomass', 'Crowding', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Larva', 'Population Density', 'Tenebrio', 'Time Factors']
| 26,453,714
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['F01.145.875.281'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.375.615'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
miR26a modulates Th17/T reg balance in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis by targeting IL6.
|
A number of different microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). T helper (Th)17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have likewise been implicated as key players in MS, and a functional imbalance of these cell types is increasingly recognized as a key etiological factor in the disease. Although specific panels of transcription factors and cytokines are known to regulate the Th17/Treg balance, the role of noncoding RNAs remains poorly understood. The inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)6, appears to play a critical role in both the development of the Th17 response and the inhibition of Treg functions. In this research, an IL6-associated miRNA, miR26a, was identified, and its normally downregulated expression was shown to be highly correlated with disease severity in patients suffering from MS as well as in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a well-established animal model of human MS). Using the EAE model system, in vivo silencing of miR26a was found to result in increased expression of Th17-related cytokines and increased severity of EAE, while overexpression of miR26a was found to result in reduced expression of Th17-related cytokines and a milder form of EAE. By contrast, Treg cell-specific transcription factor, Foxp3, was found to be positively correlated with miR26a expression. Finally, miR26a was found to downregulate Th17 and to upregulate Treg cell function through its targeting of IL6. Taken together, our data indicate an important role for miR26a in maintaining the Th17 and Treg cell balance in MS that involves repression of IL6 expression.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", 'Animals', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'Down-Regulation', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genetic Vectors', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lentivirus', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'MicroRNAs', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Th17 Cells', 'Transduction, Genetic']
| 25,362,566
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.337'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['B04.820.650.589'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C10.114.375.500.600', 'C10.314.350.500.600', 'C20.111.258.250.500.600'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.915', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.770', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.915'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The spectrum of perianal Crohn's disease in a population-based cohort.
|
BACKGROUND: Perianal Crohn's disease represents a phenotype distinct from luminal Crohn's disease and may follow a different course. To date, the only detailed classifications of perianal Crohn's disease arise from referral center cohorts that do not reflect the spectrum of disease in the population as a whole.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to document the rate, classification, and time course of symptomatic perianal Crohn's disease in a population-based cohort.DESIGN: This is a population-based cohort study.SETTING: : This study was conducted in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.PATIENTS: All patients with IBD in Canterbury, New Zealand, were eligible for recruitment over a 3-year period.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical records of all patients with Crohn's disease were reviewed, and all symptomatic perianal disease was classified according to the American Gastroenterological Society position statement. The rate of perianal involvement and timing of onset relative to Crohn's diagnosis was determined.RESULTS: Ninety-one percent of IBD patients in the region were recruited. Seven hundred fifteen patients had Crohn's disease, of which 190 (26.6%) patients had symptomatic perianal disease. The median age of patients with perianal disease was 37 years (range, 4-82 years) and 58.4% were female. Median follow-up was 9 years (range, 2 months to 45 years) from Crohn's disease diagnosis. Onset of perianal disease ranged from 18 years pre-Crohn's diagnosis to 33 years post-Crohn's diagnosis. Fistulas were the most common lesion (50% of patients), followed by perianal abscesses (42.1%), fissures (32.6%), skin tags (11.1%), strictures (7.4%), and hemorrhoids (1.6%). The cumulative probability at 20 years of any perianal Crohn's disease was 42.7% and of a perianal fistula 28.3%.LIMITATIONS: This study assumed all noted perianal lesions were related to Crohn's disease and the retrospective classification may have been inaccurate in some cases.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first detailed classification of perianal Crohn's disease in a population-based cohort.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anus Diseases', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Crohn Disease', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'New Zealand', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 22,706,129
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C06.405.469.860.101'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Transfer of median and ulnar nerve fascicles for lesions of the posterior cord in infraclavicular brachial plexus injury: report of 2 cases.
|
In infraclavicular lesions of brachial plexus, severe lesions of the posterior cord often occur when medial and lateral cord function is preserved to a greater or lesser extent. In these cases, shoulder function may be preserved by activity of the muscles innervated by the suprascapular nerve, but complete paralysis exists in the deltoid, triceps, and brachioradialis, and all wrist and finger extensors. Classical reconstruction procedures consist of nerve grafts, but their results in adults are disappointing. We report an approach transferring: (1) an ulnar nerve fascicle to the motor branch of the long portion of the triceps brachii muscle, (2) a median nerve branch from the pronator teres to the motor branch of the extensor carpi radialis longus, and (3) a median nerve branch from the flexor carpi radialis to the posterior interosseous nerve. We describe the procedure and report 2 clinical cases showing the effectiveness of this technique for restoring extension of the elbow, wrist, and fingers in the common infraclavicular lesions of the brachial plexus affecting the posterior cord.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brachial Plexus', 'Humans', 'Hypesthesia', 'Male', 'Median Nerve', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nerve Transfer', 'Paralysis', 'Ulnar Nerve']
| 23,021,172
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.800.800.720.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.751.791.500', 'C23.888.592.763.770.500'], ['A08.800.800.720.050.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E04.525.550'], ['C10.597.622', 'C23.888.592.636'], ['A08.800.800.720.050.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Competing formate- and carbon dioxide-utilizing prokaryotes in an anoxic methane-emitting fen soil.
|
Methanogenesis in wetlands is dependent on intermediary substrates derived from the degradation of biopolymers. Formate is one such substrate and is stimulatory to methanogenesis and acetogenesis in anoxic microcosms of soil from the fen Schl?ppnerbrunnen. Formate dissimilation also yields CO(2) as a potential secondary substrate. The objective of this study was to resolve potential differences between anaerobic formate- and CO(2)-utilizing prokaryotes of this fen by stable isotope probing. Anoxic soil microcosms were pulsed daily with low concentrations of [(13)C]formate or (13)CO(2) (i.e., [(13)C]bicarbonate). Taxa were evaluated by assessment of 16S rRNA genes, mcrA (encoding the alpha-subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase), and fhs (encoding formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase). Methanogens, acetogens, and formate-hydrogen lyase-containing taxa appeared to compete for formate. Genes affiliated with Methanocellaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae, and Rhodospirillaceae were (13)C enriched (i.e., labeled) in [(13)C]formate treatments, whereas genes affiliated with Methanosarcinaceae, Conexibacteraceae, and Solirubrobacteraceae were labeled in (13)CO(2) treatments. [(13)C]acetate was enriched in [(13)C]formate treatments, but labeling of known acetogenic taxa was not detected. However, several phylotypes were affiliated with acetogen-containing taxa (e.g., Sporomusa). Methanosaetaceae-affiliated methanogens appeared to participate in the consumption of acetate. Twelve and 58 family-level archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA phylotypes, respectively, were detected, approximately half of which had no isolated representatives. Crenarchaeota constituted half of the detected archaeal 16S rRNA phylotypes. The results highlight the unresolved microbial diversity of the fen Schl?ppnerbrunnen, suggest that differing taxa competed for the same substrate, and indicate that Methanocellaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Methanosarcinaceae, and Methanosaetaceae were linked to the production of methane, but they do not clearly resolve the taxa responsible for the apparent conversion of formate to acetate.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Biodiversity', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Cluster Analysis', 'DNA, Archaeal', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Formates', 'Genes, rRNA', 'Methane', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Archaeal', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Wetlands']
| 21,478,308
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['D13.444.308.180'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['D02.241.081.420'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645.750'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.300'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Longitudinal follow-up of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although immunochemotherapy has been reported to be an effective initial treatment for patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), the long-term outcome of these patients remains unknown. The main purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of the EBV-HLH patients treated between 1992 and 2001.DESIGN AND METHODS: During this period, a total of 78 EBV-HLH patients were consecutively registered in 3 separate studies. The rates of initial response, reactivation, and survival as well as causes of death were analyzed. The outcome of the patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was also studied.RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 43 months, clinical reactivation was noted in 13 patients (19.4%) and a total of 12 patients needed hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, of whom 9 are alive and well. There had been 19 deaths: early deaths were due to hemorrhages and infections (n=11), while late deaths were related to late reactivation (n=4), transplant-associated causes (n=3) and secondary leukemia (n=1). Overall, after a median follow-up of 43 months, 59 (75.6%) of the 78 patients are alive and well.INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The majority of successfully treated EBV-HLH patients have a good outcome and remain disease-free.
|
['Adolescent', 'Cause of Death', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Dexamethasone', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Epstein-Barr Virus Infections', 'Etoposide', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins, Intravenous', 'Immunotherapy', 'Infant', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Remission Induction', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Virus Activation']
| 15,003,893
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.312', 'E04.936.225.687.312'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C01.925.256.466.313', 'C01.925.928.313'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['C15.604.250.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393.536', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.632', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.632', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.632'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500.500'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G06.920.925.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants in Korea: occurrence and toxicity to Daphnia magna.
|
The overall ecotoxicological effect of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) detected in the effluents of Korean wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to Daphnia magna was investigated using biological and chemical analyses. The bioassay results showed median lethal concentrations and no-observed-effect concentrations ranging from a few to tens of ppm levels for nine PhACs in 48-h acute and 21-d chronic tests. The mixture effects of pharmaceuticals also were examined by other acute and chronic tests, which showed no significant toxicity despite a slightly increased combined effect of approximately twofold. The residual concentrations of nine PhACs were analyzed at concentrations ranging from 10 ng/L to 89 microg/L in the influents and from 10 ng/L to 11 microg/L in the effluents from four metropolitan cities in South Korea between January and November of 2004. Through repeated investigations of the influents and the effluents from different WWTPs, relatively higher removal efficiencies (23.9-91.3%) compared with those of previous surveys performed in other countries were observed for most pharmaceuticals, with the exception of acetaminophen (8.7%). The present study showed no significant risk effects of the effluents from WWTPs containing pharmaceuticals (i.e., hazard quotient < 1), even at the 95th percentile contamination range, although a risk assessment factor of 1,000 was applied. Therefore, it can be concluded that the potential risk of pharmaceuticals should be monitored carefully with more bioassay data, because many uncertainties still exist in the determination and toxicity of metabolites in water environments. No significant risk was observed, however, from the selected PhACs in the effluents from WWTPs discharged into surface waters.
|
['Animals', 'Daphnia', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Korea', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Reproduction', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sewage', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 16,494,251
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.150.200'], ['C25.100'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['E05.940.600', 'G07.690.936.750'], ['D26'], ['G08.686.784'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer for proximal humeral reconstruction in children with a primary sarcoma of bone.
|
Aims: Preserving growth following limb-salvage surgery of the upper limb in children remains a challenge. Vascularized autografts may provide rapid biological incorporation with the potential for growth and longevity. In this study, we aimed to describe the outcomes following proximal humeral reconstruction with a vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer in children with a primary sarcoma of bone. We also aimed to quantify the hypertrophy of the graft and the annual growth, and to determine the functional outcomes of the neoglenofibular joint.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 11 patients who underwent this procedure for a primary bone tumour of the proximal humerus between 2004 and 2015. Six had Ewing's sarcoma and five had osteosarcoma. Their mean age at the time of surgery was five years (two to eight). The mean follow-up was 5.2 years (1 to 12.2).Results: The overall survival at five and ten years was 91% (confidence interval (CI) 95% 75% to 100%). At the time of the final review, ten patients were alive. One with local recurrence and metastasis died one-year post-operatively. Complications included seven fractures, four transient nerve palsies, and two patients developed avascular necrosis of the graft. All the fractures presented within the first postoperative year and united with conservative management. One patient had two further operations for a slipped fibular epiphysis of the autograft, and a hemi-epiphysiodesis for lateral tibial physeal arrest. Hypertrophy and axial growth were evident in nine patients who did not have avascular necrosis of the graft. The mean hypertrophy index was 65% (55% to 82%), and the mean growth was 4.6 mm per annum (2.4 to 7.6) in these nine grafts. At final follow-up, the mean modified functional Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 77% (63% to 83%) and the mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) was 84% (65% to 94%).Conclusion: Vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer preserves function and growth in young children following excision of the proximal humerus for a malignant bone tumour. Function compares favourably to other limb-salvage procedures in children. Longer term analysis is required to determine if this technique proves to be durable into adulthood. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:535-41.
|
['Bone Neoplasms', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Fibula', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Humerus', 'Limb Salvage', 'Male', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sarcoma, Ewing', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,629,581
|
[['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.321'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.400'], ['E04.100.814.603', 'E04.555.400', 'E04.680.350'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650.800', 'C04.557.450.795.620.800'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Vasorelaxant effects of Cerebralcare Granule® are mediated by NO/cGMP pathway, potassium channel opening and calcium channel blockade in isolated rat thoracic aorta.
|
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cerebralcare Granule (CG), one of the famous classical recipes in traditional Chinese medicine, is developed from the "Decoction of Four Drugs". It has been used for treatment of cerebrovascular related diseases, such as hypertension. It is well known that vasodilatation plays a very important role in hypertensive. Despite the popular medicinal use of CG, little data was available to its activity and mechanism involved in vasodilatation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of CG on isolated rat thoracic aorta so as to assess some of the possible mechanisms. The present study was performed to examine the vasodilative activity of CG and its mechanisms in isolated rat thoracic aorta.MATERIALS AND METHODS: CG was studied on isolated rat thoracic aorta in vitro, including endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings. In present study, specific inhibitors including NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (INDO), non-selective K+ channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), Kir channel inhibitor BaCl2, KATP channel inhibitor Glibenclamide (Gli) and cholinergic receptor antagonist atropine were used, they were added 20 min before NE contraction and then added CG-induced vasodilation.RESULTS: Removal of endothelium or pretreatment of aortic rings (intact endothelium) with L-NAME (0.1 mM) or INDO (0.01 mM) significantly blocked the CG induced relaxation. Pretreatment with the non-selective K+ channel inhibitor TEA (1 mM), or the Kir channel inhibitor BaCl2 (0.1 mM), neither of them had no influence on the CG-induced response (p>0.05). However, pretreatment with the KATP channel inhibitor Gli (0.01 mM) produced significant inhibition on the CG-induced response (p<0.01). Besides, CG also inhibited the contraction triggered by NE in endothelium-denuded rings in Ca2+-free medium. CG (0.4, 0.8 and 3.2 mg/mL) produced rightward parallel displacement of CaCl2 curves and reduced the maximum contraction induced by 30 mM CaCl2 to 31.1±9.3%, 18.8±6.9% and 9.4±4.5%, respectively. The relaxation, induced by CG on endothelium-intact rat aortic rings pre-contracted with NE, was significantly attenuated in the presence of atropine (EC50=3.7 mg/mL, p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CG induces relaxation in rat aortic rings through an endothelium-dependent pathway mediated by NO/cGMP pathway and an endothelium-independent pathway involving blockade of Ca2+ channels, inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores, opening of KATP channel. In addition, the muscarinic receptor stimulation is also one of the vasorelaxant mechanisms.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'KATP Channels', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Potassium Channels', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 24,924,524
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.450.550', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.450.550', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.450.550'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical inconsistency, benign course and normal employment rates in unselected systemic lupus erythematosus.
|
Of 65 unselected SLE patients from a defined population, 61 were sequentially followed for two years with an SLE supervision programme. The cumulative clinical manifestations included a relatively high frequency of pulmonary vascular disease and gastrointestinal involvement. Flares were more common during the summer season and a change in the clinical manifestations occurred in 10 of 16 patients with major flares and in 4 of 13 patients with minor flares. ESR, S-orosomucoid, S-CRP, and C1r-C1s-C1 IA complexes, indicating C1 activation, were shown to distinguish inactive from active disease. The prevailing overall benignancy was reflected in a low mortality rate, limited need for treatment or hospitalisation, and good response to moderate dosages of corticosteroids in severe flares. The proportion of patients in gainful employment was comparable to that in the normal population, though absence due to sickness was more common in the SLE group. Joint complaints and mild psychiatric disturbance were the most common causes of enduring incapacity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Work Capacity Evaluation']
| 3,878,760
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['C01.150.252'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.400.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impaired down-regulation of negative emotion in self-referent social situations in bipolar disorder: A pilot study of a novel experimental paradigm.
|
Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) that persists into periods of remission. Neuroimaging studies show aberrant neural responses during emotion regulation (ER) in patients with BD relative to healthy controls, but behavioural evidence for ER deficits is sparse and conflicting. This study aimed to explore ER in BD using a novel, personally relevant experimental paradigm. Twenty patients with BD and 20 patients with unipolar disorder (UD), in full or partial remission, and 20 healthy controls were given a novel computerised test. Participants were instructed to react naturally or dampen their emotional response to positive and negative social scenarios and associated self-beliefs. They were also given an established experimental task for comparison, involving reappraisal of negative affective picture stimuli, as well as a questionnaire of habitual ER strategies. BD patients showed reduced ability to down-regulate emotional responses in negative, but not positive, social scenarios relative to healthy controls and UD patients. In contrast, there were no between-group differences in the established ER task or in self-reported habitual reappraisal strategies. Findings highlight the novel social scenario paradigm as a sensitive test for detection of ER difficulties in BD.
|
['Adult', 'Affective Symptoms', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Down-Regulation', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects']
| 27,086,251
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.126.100'], ['F03.084.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Studies on possible chemotactic factors involved in the formation of pustules.
|
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is a dermatosis of unknown aetiology, characterized by repeated development of pruritic follicular papulopustules with a tendency to form an annular configuration on the face and other seborrhoeic areas, and by palmoplantar pustular lesions in one-fifth of the patients. Both types of lesions are infiltrated mainly by eosinophils with some polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). To elucidate the mechanisms underlying pustule formation, we studied the chemotactic activity for leukocytes of the skin surface lipids (SSL) obtained from seborrhoeic areas. No specific chemotactic activity was detectable in stored SSL from patients with EPF. However, fresh SSL collected from the seborrhoeic areas of normal adults contained chemotactic substances for eosinophils and PMN which were labile on storage in air. In stratum corneum extracts from palmoplantar lesions of patients with EPF we demonstrated the presence of a 13000 molecular weight chemoattractant factor for PMN, the activity of which was partially inhibited by antiserum against C5a, and a low molecular weight lipid-soluble chemotactic factor for eosinophils, the activity of which was also lost on storage in air. Our findings suggest that these chemotactic factors play a role in the production of the characteristic pustular lesions of EPF.
|
['Adult', 'Chemotactic Factors', 'Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Eosinophilia', 'Female', 'Folliculitis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Skin', 'Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous']
| 3,511,943
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.125'], ['D23.125.320'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['C15.378.553.231'], ['C17.800.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['A17.815'], ['C17.800.865']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reprogramming of somatic cells: iPS and iN cells.
|
Limited access to human neurons has posed a significant barrier to progress in biological and preclinical studies of the human nervous system. The advent of cell reprogramming technologies has widely disclosed unprecedented opportunities to generate renewable sources of human neural cells for disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell therapeutics. Both somatic reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and directly induced Neurons (iNeurons) rely on transcription factor-based cellular conversion processes. Nevertheless, they rely on very distinct mechanisms, biological barriers, technical limitations, different levels of efficiency, and generate neural cells with distinctive properties. Human iPSCs represent a long-term renewable source of neural cells, but over time genomic aberrations might erode the quality of the cultures and the in vitro differentiation process requires extensive time. Conversely, direct neuronal reprogramming ensures a fast and straightforward generation of iNeurons endowed with functional properties. However, in this last case, conversion efficiency is reduced when starting from adult human cells, and the molecular and functional fidelity of iNeurons with respect to their corresponding native neuronal subtype is yet to be fully ascertained in many cases. For any biomedical research application, it should be carefully pondered the reprogramming method to use for generating reprogrammed human neuronal subtypes that best fit with the following analysis considering the existing limitations and gap of knowledge still present in this young field of investigation.
|
['Cell Differentiation', 'Cellular Reprogramming', 'Humans', 'Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Neurons', 'Transcription Factors']
| 28,552,235
|
[['G04.152'], ['G04.152.262', 'G05.135'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.872.040.500', 'A11.872.700.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
NK1R/5-HT1AR interaction is related to the regulation of melanogenesis.
|
Substance P (SP) is a candidate mediator along the brain-skin axis and can mimic the effects of stress to regulate melanogenesis. Previously, we and others have found that the regulation of SP for pigmentary function was mediated by neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). Emerging evidence has accumulated that psychologic stress can induce dysfunction in the cutaneous serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-5-HT1A/1B receptor system, thereby resulting in skin hypopigmentation. Moreover, NK1R and 5-HTR (except 5-HT3) belong to GPCR. The present study aimed at assessing the possible existence of NK1R-5-HTR interactions and related melanogenic functions. Western blot and PCR detection revealed that SP reduced expression of 5-HT1A receptor via the NK1 receptor. Biochemical analyses showed that NK1R and 5-HT1AR could colocalize and interact in a cell and in the skin. When the N terminus of the NK1R protein was removed NK1R surface targeting was prevented, the interaction between NK1R-5-HT1AR decreased, and the depigmentation caused by SP and WAY100635 could be rescued. Importantly, pharmaceutical coadministration of NK1R agonist (SP) and 5-HT1A antagonist (WAY100635) enhanced the NK1-5-HT1A receptor coimmunoprecipitation along with the depigmentary response. SP and WAY100635 cooperation elicited activation of a signaling cascade (the extracellular, regulated protein kinase p-JNK signaling pathway) and inhibition of p70S6K1 phosphorylation and greatly reduced melanin production in vitro and in vivo in mice and zebrafish. Moreover, the SP-induced depigmentation response did not be occur in 5-htr1aa+/- zebrafish embryos. Taken together, the results of our systemic study increases our knowledge of the roles of NK1R and 5-HT1AR in melanogenesis and provides possible, novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of skin hypo/hyperpigmentation.-Wu, H., Zhao, Y., Huang, Q., Cai, M., Pan, Q., Fu, M., An, X., Xia, Z., Liu, M., Jin, Y., He, L., Shang, J. NK1R/5-HT1AR interaction is related to the regulation of melanogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Melanins', 'Mice', 'Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Piperazines', 'Pyridines', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-1', 'Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Skin', 'Skin Pigmentation', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Substance P', 'Zebrafish']
| 29,430,989
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.487', 'D27.505.696.577.487'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850.100.100'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850.100', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850.100'], ['A17.815'], ['E01.370.600.115.450.500', 'E01.370.600.620.750', 'G07.100.175.500', 'G13.750.837', 'G16.690.890'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intraclonal protein expression heterogeneity in recombinant CHO cells.
|
Therapeutic glycoproteins have played a major role in the commercial success of biotechnology in the post-genomic era. But isolating recombinant mammalian cell lines for large-scale production remains costly and time-consuming, due to substantial variation and unpredictable stability of expression amongst transfected cells, requiring extensive clone screening to identify suitable high producers. Streamlining this process is of considerable interest to industry yet the underlying phenomena are still not well understood. Here we examine an antibody-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clone at single-cell resolution using flow cytometry and vectors, which couple light and heavy chain transcription to fluorescent markers. Expression variation has traditionally been attributed to genetic heterogeneity arising from random genomic integration of vector DNA. It follows that single cell cloning should yield a homogeneous cell population. We show, in fact, that expression in a clone can be surprisingly heterogeneous (standard deviation 50 to 70% of the mean), approaching the level of variation in mixed transfectant pools, and each antibody chain varies in tandem. Phenotypic variation is fully developed within just 18 days of cloning, yet is not entirely explained by measurement noise, cell size, or the cell cycle. By monitoring the dynamic response of subpopulations and subclones, we show that cells also undergo slow stochastic fluctuations in expression (half-life 2 to 11 generations). Non-genetic diversity may therefore play a greater role in clonal variation than previously thought. This also has unexpected implications for expression stability. Stochastic gene expression noise and selection bias lead to perturbations from steady state at the time of cloning. The resulting transient response as clones reestablish their expression distribution is not ordinarily accounted for but can contribute to declines in median expression over timescales of up to 50 days. Noise minimization may therefore be a novel strategy to reduce apparent expression instability and simplify cell line selection.
|
['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Shape', 'Cell Size', 'Clone Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescence', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 20,037,651
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.320'], ['G04.325'], ['A11.251.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bacterial and protozoal pathogens found in ticks collected from humans in Corum province of Turkey.
|
BACKGROUND: Tick-borne diseases are increasing all over the word, including Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial and protozoan vector-borne pathogens in ticks infesting humans in the Corum province of Turkey.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: From March to November 2014 a total of 322 ticks were collected from patients who attended the local hospitals with tick bites. Ticks were screened by real time-PCR and PCR, and obtained amplicons were sequenced. The dedected tick was belonging to the genus Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor and Ixodes. A total of 17 microorganism species were identified in ticks. The most prevalent Rickettsia spp. were: R. aeschlimannii (19.5%), R. slovaca (4.5%), R. raoultii (2.2%), R. hoogstraalii (1.9%), R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae (1.2%), R. monacensis (0.31%), and Rickettsia spp. (1.2%). In addition, the following pathogens were identified: Borrelia afzelii (0.31%), Anaplasma spp. (0.31%), Ehrlichia spp. (0.93%), Babesia microti (0.93%), Babesia ovis (0.31%), Babesia occultans (3.4%), Theileria spp. (1.6%), Hepatozoon felis (0.31%), Hepatozoon canis (0.31%), and Hemolivia mauritanica (2.1%). All samples were negative for Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Ticks in Corum carry a large variety of human and zoonotic pathogens that were detected not only in known vectors, but showed a wider vector diversity. There is an increase in the prevalence of ticks infected with the spotted fever group and lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis, while Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. were reported for the first time from this region. B. microti was detected for the first time in Hyalomma marginatum infesting humans. The detection of B. occultans, B. ovis, Hepatozoon spp., Theileria spp. and Hemolivia mauritanica indicate the importance of these ticks as vectors of pathogens of veterinary importance, therefore patients with a tick infestation should be followed for a variety of pathogens with medical importance.
|
['Anaplasma', 'Animals', 'Arachnid Vectors', 'Babesia', 'Bartonella', 'Ehrlichia', 'Humans', 'Ixodidae', 'Rickettsia', 'Tick-Borne Diseases', 'Turkey']
| 29,649,265
|
[['B03.440.664.750.050', 'B03.660.050.783.500.050'], ['B01.050'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.100', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.100'], ['B01.043.075.600.580.070'], ['B03.440.090.100', 'B03.660.050.030.040'], ['B03.440.664.750.287', 'B03.660.050.783.500.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400'], ['B03.660.050.783.875.650.650'], ['C01.920.930'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of ethanol on muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide metabolism during brain development.
|
The pattern of muscarinic receptor-stimulated inositol metabolism during postnatal development has a striking resemblance with the curve of rat brain growth spurt. Therefore, the enhanced hydrolysis of membrane inositol lipids by cholinergic agonists during this period may have a relevant role in cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study we have investigated whether exposure to EtOH to rat pups during the brain growth spurt, known to cause a permanent microencephaly, would alter muscarinic receptor-stimulated inositol metabolism in cerebral cortex. Female Long-Evans rats were administered 4 g/kg of EtOH, in two doses of 2 g/kg, by gastric intubation from postnatal day 4 to day 10. This treatment did not have any effect on the pups' body weight as compared to an equally handled, sucrose-fed group of animals. Blood EtOH concentration in the pups during exposure ranged between 237 and 283 mg/dl. Muscarinic receptor-stimulated inositol metabolism was measured in cerebral cortex slices of control and EtOH-treated rats at days 4, 7, 10, 12, 20 and 45 of age. Carbachol-induced accumulation of [3H] inositol phosphates was reduced significantly in EtOH-exposed animals on day 7 and 10, but not at other ages. This decrease was not due to an alteration of muscarinic receptor density or affinity. Exposure to EtOH had no effect on phosphoinositide metabolism stimulated by norepinephrine, serotonin or histamine in cerebral cortex, whereas the effect of glutamate was increased. Similar results were observed in the hippocampus. An identical treatment with EtOH in adult rats did not cause alteration in any of the biochemical parameters of the cholinergic system measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Brain', 'Carbachol', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Pregnancy', 'Quinuclidinyl Benzilate', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Muscarinic']
| 2,547,937
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.115', 'D02.675.276.232.115'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D02.241.223.601.238.306.740', 'D02.241.511.085.740', 'D03.605.687.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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