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66700831	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbilophozia%20barbata	Barbilophozia barbata	Barbilophozia barbata is a species of liverwort belonging to the family Anastrophyllaceae. It is native to Europe and Northern America. References Jungermanniales	46
67984473	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20in%20Gabon	2010 in Gabon	Events in the year 2010 in Gabon. Incumbents President: Ali Bongo Ondimba Prime Minister: Paul Biyoghé Mba Events 10 February – The National Union was formed. Deaths References 2010s in Gabon Years of the 21st century in Gabon Gabon	79
39405953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khvorand	Khvorand	Khvorand (, also Romanized as Khowrend and Khūrand; also known as Khorand and Kuran) is a village in Ravar Rural District, in the Central District of Ravar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 627, in 237 families. References Populated places in Ravar County	79
11539088	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Garrison	Sam Garrison	Samuel Alexander Garrison III (February 21, 1942 – May 27, 2007) was a lawyer, probably best known for his role as minority counsel for the House Judiciary Committee, defending President Richard Nixon in the 1974 impeachment hearings, and for his subsequent gay activism. Early years Garrison graduated as valedictorian of the 1959 class of Roanoke Catholic High School, aged 17. He was president of his fraternity at the University of Virginia, where he received an undergraduate degree in 1963, and then a law degree in 1966. From there he became an assistant commonwealth's attorney in his home town of Roanoke, and by 1969, at age 27, became the youngest person elected as the Commonwealth's Attorney. National politics, and Watergate In 1971, he moved to Washington to be staff counsel to the House Judiciary Committee, and just 16 months later, he joined the staff of newly elected Vice President Spiro Agnew as legislative liaison. After Agnew resigned in 1973, Garrison began working on the House Judiciary Committee's impeachment staff, and eventually replaced the committee's chief minority counsel, Albert E. Jenner Jr., who called the impeachment case against Nixon persuasive. In an obituary The Washington Post wrote: Garrison, then 32, was the last-minute replacement chosen by the committee's 17 Republicans to present the minority view of the case against Nixon. With just days to prepare, he submitted a 41-page argument against impeachment. "By all accounts, Sam Garrison did not exactly hit a home run", reporter William Greider wrote in The Washington Post on July 23, 1974. "But his performance satisfied the senior Republicans who wanted someone, for appearance's sake if nothing else, to argue the soft spots in the Judiciary Committee's evidence." "The question," Mr. Garrison said at the time, "is whether the public interest would better be served or not served by the removal of the president." Back to Roanoke Garrison later moved back to Roanoke, and later ran into financial and legal problems. The Washington Post noted: "He was a partner in a failed Roanoke restaurant and disco. The business had $1 million in debts when it closed, and Mr. Garrison declared bankruptcy. His partner, left with the debt, conspired to kill him to recover $300,000 in insurance, a court later found. In 1980, as a court-appointed attorney representing a bankrupt mobile home firm in Georgia, Garrison was indicted in a $46,000 theft from its trust. He was convicted and disbarred and served four months of a one-year sentence. (In 1993, the Virginia Supreme Court restored Garrison's law license). In 1982 he publicly revealed that he was gay. Subsequently, he joined the Democratic Party and became active in party politics and in the gay rights movement, among other things, unsuccessfully campaigning for Virginia to repeal its anti-sodomy laws. He was appointed in 2003 to the Virginia Council on Human Rights by Governor Mark R. Warner. References American gay men Deaths from leukemia Lawyers from Roanoke, Virginia 1942 births 2007 deaths Place of death missing Watergate scandal investigators Disbarred American lawyers University of Virginia alumni American LGBT lawyers 20th-century American LGBT people 21st-century American LGBT people 20th-century American lawyers	706
309573	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20B.%20Raymond	John B. Raymond	John Baldwin Raymond (December 5, 1844 – January 3, 1886) was a Delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives. He was born in Lockport, Niagara County, New York, then moved with his parents to Tazewell County, Illinois in 1853. He served in the Union Army in the Illinois Thirty-First Regiment during the American Civil War, being promoted to Captain for action at the Battle of Vicksburg. Following the war Raymond settled in Mississippi. He published the Mississippi Pilot newspaper at Jackson, Mississippi during Reconstruction. He was assistant State treasurer of Mississippi, and was appointed United States marshal of Dakota Territory in 1877, with headquarters at Yankton and later at Fargo. He was elected as a Republican to the House, serving from March 4, 1883 - March 3, 1885. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1884, and engaged in wheat farming. He died in Fargo, and was interred in the public vault in Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, D.C. External links 1844 births 1886 deaths Politicians from Lockport, New York People of Illinois in the American Civil War Editors of Mississippi newspapers Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Dakota Territory United States Marshals Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery Union Army officers 19th-century American politicians	296
58227875	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lem%27s%20Beat	Lem's Beat	Lem's Beat is an album by vibraphonist Lem Winchester's Sextet with saxophonist Oliver Nelson recorded in 1960 and released on the New Jazz label. Reception Scott Yanow of Allmusic states: "Nelson emerges as the most distinctive solo voice, and since he contributed three of the six songs, the tenorman's musical personality dominates this set. Winchester shows much potential that, due to his untimely death in early 1961, was never fulfilled. Good bop-based music". Track listing All compositions by Oiver Nelson except where noted "Eddy's Dilemma" – 11:37 "Lem & Aide" – 7:58 "Friendly Persuasion" (Dimitri Tiomkin, Paul Francis Webster) – 4:08 "Your Last Chance" – 6:50 "Lady Day" (Roy Johnson) – 2:51 "Just Friends" (John Klenner, Sam M. Lewis) – 5:17 Personnel Lem Winchester – vibraphone Oliver Nelson – tenor saxophone, arranger Curtis Peagler – alto saxophone Billy Brown (tracks 1 & 4), Roy Johnson (tracks 2, 3, 5 & 6) – piano Wendell Marshall – bass Art Taylor – drums References Lem Winchester albums Oliver Nelson albums 1960 albums Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio New Jazz Records albums Albums produced by Esmond Edwards	330
63090579	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat%20of%20arms%20of%20Silesia	Coat of arms of Silesia	The coat of arms of Lower Silesia, and simultaneously of Silesia, shows a black eagle with silver crescent with cross in the middle on its chest (the emblem of Silesian Duke Henry the Bearded, Polish: Zgorzelec) on a golden background. It has been assumed in the tradition that the coat of arms and colors of Lower Silesia are simultaneously used as symbols of Silesia as a whole. The coat of arms of Upper Silesia shows a golden eagle on a blue background. In the Polish heraldry, the Silesian eagle is usually not crowned (with the exception of Cieszyn Silesia), in the Czech and German it is usually the opposite. History Lower Silesia For the first time the coat of arms was placed on the seal of Henry II the Pious, which he used in the years 1224-1240. He used this seal during his father's lifetime (until 1238), and also after his death when he inherited the duchy. This coat of arms was also on the seals of successive dukes of Lower Silesia: dukes of Wrocław: Henry III the White, Henryk IV Probus, dukes of Legnica: Bolesław II the Horned, Henry V the Fat, Boleslaw III the Wasteful, dukes of Głogów: Konrad I of Głogów, Henry III of Głogów, dukes of Świdnica, Jawor and Ziębice: Bolko I the Strict, Bernard of Świdnica, Henry I of Jawor, Bolko II of Ziębice. The coat of arms was used by most of the dukes of Lower Silesia in the 2nd half of the 14th century, however, some did not add the cross to the crescent. Such practice took place in the Duchy of Oleśnica and Duchy of Brzeg. As Silesia was more divided, other colors of the eagle were also adopted. For example, in the Duchy of Świdnica, the coat of arms depicted a half red–black eagle with a crescent on a silver and golden background. The emblem of the Lower Silesian Piasts has been incorporated by cities, villages, municipality, and counties of Lower Silesia into their coats of arms and flags, emphasizing their belonging to the region or their relations with the ruling dukes. The coat of arms of the Lower Silesian Piasts dynasty became one of the elements of the identity of the region of Lower Silesia. The coat of arms was adopted by the authorities of the Kingdom of Prussia in the coats of arms of large administrative units such as the Prussian Province of Silesia, the Province of Lower Silesia, and by the authorities of the Austrian Empire in the coat of arms of an autonomous region of Austrian Silesia. In the interwar years, the coat of arms was incorporated into the middle and the greater coat of arms of Czechoslovakia. Also in 1993, in the coat of arms of the Czech Republic, a black eagle with crescent and a crown on its head, symbolizing Silesia, was placed in one field. In 1957, the coat of arms of Liechtenstein was adopted, on which a black eagle with crescent and a crown on its head, symbolizing Silesia, was placed. It refers to the Duchy of Opava and Duchy of Krnov, that were ruled by Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein since 1613 and 1623. The Constitution of Saxony from 1992 allows the use of the coat of arms of Lower Silesia in the Silesian part of the state on an equal footing with Saxon symbols. It is a part of the coat of arms of the district of Görlitz. The coat of arms of Lower Silesia was adopted into following coat of arms of administrative regions: coat of arms of Lower Silesian Voivodeship (2000), coat of arms of Moravian-Silesian Region (2000), coat of arms of Olomouc Region (2000). Upper Silesia The Upper Silesian coat of arms was in use since at least the year 1222 as the document from this year had a seal of Opole–Racibórz Duke Casimir I of Opole featuring a Duke holding a shield with a gothic eagle on it. It is not known whether the coat of arms had different colours from the coats of arms with the eagles of the other Piasts since the colourful iconographic evidence dates back to the 14th century. On the basis of the seal on documents from the years 1257 and 1260, it is stated that the golden eagle was inherited by representatives of all Piast lines in Upper Silesia from Duke Władysław of Opole–Racibórz. The oldest colourful representation of the coat of arms of the Duchy of Opole has been preserved at the castle in Lauf an der Pegnitz near Nuremberg, where 114 coats of arms of principalities, bishoprics and cities were engraved in stone in 1353. On the coat of arms that is still preserved there to this day, there is a trace of yellow on the eagle and blue on the shield. This colouring is also confirmed by the Gelre Armorial from 1370-1395. The coat of arms has undergone some stylistic changes and modifications, the largest of which is the crown on the head of the eagle. The crown was episodically introduced by the Duke of Bytom, Casimir of Bytom (2nd half of the 13th century), and then was used on seals and coats of arms continuously by the Dukes of Opole from the times of Bolko IV of Opole (2nd half of the 14th century) until the death of the last of the line of the Opole Piasts, Jan II the Good, in 1532. The last duke of Opole wrote down in his will his coat of arms to the states of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, which is considered to be a handover to the entire community of this land. The emblem of the Upper Silesian Piasts has been incorporated by cities, villages, municipality, and counties of Upper Silesia into their coats of arms and flags, emphasizing their belonging to the region or their relations with the ruling dukes. Established in 1919, the Prussian Province of Upper Silesia adopted on 1 June 1926 a new design of the coat of arms designed by the famous German heraldic and graphic artist Otto Hupp and it was in use to the demise of the province in 1938. It showed depleted golden eagle without tail and claws (which symbolised the separation of parts of Upper Silesia) and the main branches of the province's economy: agriculture (golden scythe blade) and mining (golden hammer and pick). In the interwar years, the coat of arms of the Duchy of Cieszyn and the coat of arms of the Duchy of Opava and Racibórz (one field with a golden eagle) were incorporated into the greater coat of arms of Czechoslovakia. The coat of arms of Upper Silesia was adopted into following coat of arms of administrative regions: coat of arms of Opole Voivodeship (2001), coat of arms of Silesian Voivodeship (2001), coat of arms of Moravian-Silesian Region (Coat of Arms of Duchy of Opava and Racibórz, 2000). See also Coat of arms of Moravia Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia Coat of arms of Austria-Hungary References Literature Maximilian Gritzner: Landes- und Wappenkunde der Brandenburgisch-Preußischen Monarchie. Geschichte ihrer einzelnen Landestheile, deren Herrscher und Wappen. Heymann, Berlin 1894. German heraldry Polish heraldry Czech heraldry Silesia Silesia Czech coats of arms Silesia Upper Silesia	1,799
25698938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20My%20Rowdy%20Friends%20%28Have%20Settled%20Down%29	All My Rowdy Friends (Have Settled Down)	"All My Rowdy Friends (Have Settled Down)" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. It was released in September 1981 as the first single from the album The Pressure Is On. The song was Williams Jr.'s fifth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of ten weeks on the country chart. The phrase "all my rowdy friends" would later become a catch phrase of sorts for Williams, who would use the line in 1984 for "All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight," in 1987 for "Born to Boogie" and "All My Rowdy Friends Are Here on Monday Night," and in 2011 for "Keep the Change." Content The song itself is told from the point of view of a disillusioned singer who, along with his friends, had lived a wild lifestyle but have since settled down and, in abandoning their high-living ways, want no part of their old lifestyle. Although admitting he himself has mellowed with age and can no longer take the physical toll of his past hard partying, the singer is depressed and wishes there were someone left to relive the old times. References are made to Williams' contemporaries in the outlaw movement, such as George Jones (whom Williams is glad is recovering from his addictions), Waylon Jennings (spending more time with Jessi Colter), Johnny Cash (not living like he did in 1968) and Kris Kristofferson (who moved to Hollywood to become an actor). Williams compares the situation to the song "Lost Highway" recorded by his father Hank Sr. Charts References 1981 singles 1981 songs Hank Williams Jr. songs Songs written by Hank Williams Jr. Song recordings produced by Jimmy Bowen Elektra Records singles Curb Records singles	385
8824374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellingham%20Blazers	Bellingham Blazers	The Bellingham Blazers were an American junior ice hockey team from Bellingham, Washington, during the regular season and Langley, British Columbia, during their 1970s playoff runs. They were members of the British Columbia Junior Hockey League. History In 1975, the Blazers, playing out of Langley, British Columbia, won their first of two BCJHL championships. After defeating the Kelowna Buckaroos 4-games-to-2 to win the Nat Bailey Cup, the Blazers moved on to the British Columbia Jr. A Championship, the Mowat Cup, against the Coquitlam Comets of the Pacific Junior A Hockey League. The Blazers swept the PJHL champion 2-games-to-none. In the Alberta/British Columbia Championship, the Blazers fell to the Alberta Junior Hockey League's Spruce Grove Mets 4-games-to-2. After winning their two home games in Langley to start the series, the Blazers were beaten in Spruce Grove in four consecutive games to end their season. For 1975–76, the Blazers relocated to Maple Ridge, British Columbia. They returned to Bellingham in the summer of 1976, but the league placed an expansion team known as the Maple Ridge Bruins for 1976–77 to replace the Blazers. In 1979, the Blazers won the league title four-games-to-none over the Kamloops Rockets, but the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association banned them from proceeding into the national playdowns as they were playing their home games in the United States. Season-by-season record Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against NHL alumni External links BCHL Website Vernon Jr. 'A'/BCHL Hockey History Defunct British Columbia Hockey League teams Ice hockey teams in Washington (state) Bellingham, Washington	413
31386739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20tether%20missions	Space tether missions	A number of space tethers have been deployed in space missions. Tether satellites can be used for various purposes including research into tether propulsion, tidal stabilisation and orbital plasma dynamics. The missions have met with varying degrees of success; a few have been highly successful. Description Tethered satellites are composed of three parts: the base-satellite; tether; and sub-satellite. The base-satellite contains the sub-satellite and tether until deployment. Sometimes the base-satellite is another basic satellite, other times it could be a spacecraft, space station, or the Moon. The tether is what keeps the two satellites connected. The sub-satellite is released from the base assisted by a spring ejection system, centrifugal force or gravity gradient effects. Tethers can be deployed for a range of applications, including electrodynamic propulsion, momentum exchange, artificial gravity, deployment of sensors or antennas etc. Tether deployment may be followed by a station-keeping phase (in particular if the target state is a vertical system orientation), and, sometimes, if the deployment system allows, a retraction. The station-keeping phase and retraction phase need active control for stability, especially when atmospheric effects are taken into account. When there are no simplifying assumptions, the dynamics become overly difficult because they are then governed by a set of ordinary and partial nonlinear, non-autonomous and coupled differential equations. These conditions create a list of dynamical issues to consider: Three-dimensional rigid body dynamics (librational motion) of the station and subsatellite Swinging in-plane and out-of-plane motions of the tether of finite mass Offset of the tether attachment point from the base-satellite center of mass as well as controlled variations of the offset Transverse vibrations of the tether External forces Tether flights on human space missions Gemini 11 In 1966, Gemini 11 deployed a tether which was stabilized by a rotation which gave 0.00015 g. Shuttle TSS missions TSS-1 mission Tethered Satellite System-1 (TSS-1) was proposed by NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) in the early 1970s by Mario Grossi, of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and Giuseppe Colombo, of Padua University. It was a joint NASA-Italian Space Agency project, was flown in 1992, during STS-46 aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis from 31 July to 8 August. The purposes of the TSS-1 mission were to verify the tether concept of gravity gradient stabilization, and to provide a research facility for investigating space physics and plasma electrodynamics. This mission uncovered several aspects about the dynamics of the tethered system, although the satellite did not fully deploy. It stuck at 78 meters; after that snag was resolved its deployment continued to a length of before sticking again, where the effort finally ended (the total proposed length was ). A protruding bolt due to a late-stage modification of the deployment reel system, jammed the deployment mechanism and prevented deployment to full extension. Despite this issue, the results showed that the basic concept of long gravity-gradient stabilized tethers was sound. It also settled several short deployment dynamics issues, reduced safety concerns, and clearly demonstrated the feasibility of deploying the satellite to long distances. The voltage and current reached using the short tether length were too low for most of the experiments to be run. However, low-voltage measurements were made, along with recording the variations of tether-induced forces and currents. New information was gathered on the "return-tether" current. The mission was reflown in 1996 as TSS-1R. TSS-1R mission Four years later, as a follow-up mission to TSS-1, the TSS-1R satellite was released in latter February 1996 from the Space Shuttle Columbia on the STS-75 mission. The TSS-1R mission objective was to deploy the tether above the orbiter and remain there collecting data. The TSS-1R mission was to conduct exploratory experiments in space plasma physics. Projections indicated that the motion of the long conducting tether through the Earth's magnetic field would produce an EMF that would drive a current through the tether system. TSS-1R was deployed (over a period of five hours) to when the tether broke. The break was attributed to an electrical discharge through a broken place in the insulation. Despite the termination of the tether deployment before full extension, the extension achieved was long enough to verify numerous scientific speculations. These findings included the measurements of the motional EMF, the satellite potential, the orbiter potential, the current in the tether, the changing resistance in the tether, the charged particle distributions around a highly charged spherical satellite, and the ambient electric field. In addition, a significant finding concerns the current collection at different potentials on a spherical endmass. Measured currents on the tether far exceeded predictions of previous numerical models by up to a factor of three. A more descriptive explanation of these results can be found in Thompson, et al. Improvements have been made in modeling the electron charging of the shuttle and how it affects current collection, and in the interaction of bodies with surrounding plasma, as well as the production of electrical power. A second mission, TSS-2, had been proposed to use the tether concept for upper atmospheric experimentation, but was never flown. Tethers on satellite missions Longer tether systems have also been used on satellite missions, both operationally (as yo-yo despin systems) and in missions designed to test tether concepts and dynamics. Yo-yo despin Short tether systems are commonly used on satellites and robotic space probes. Most notably, tethers are used in the "yo-yo de-spin" mechanism, often used in systems where a probe set spinning during a solid rocket injection motor firing, but needs the spin removed during flight. In this mechanism, weights on the end of long cables are deployed away from the body of the spinning satellite. When the cables are cut, much or all of the angular momentum of the spin is transferred to the discarded weights. As an example, the third stage of NASA's Dawn Mission utilized two weights with each deployed on cables. NASA Small Expendable Deployer System experiments In 1993 and 1994, NASA launched three missions using the "Small Expendable Deployer System" (SEDS), which deployed (SEDS-1 and SEDS-2) and (PMG) tethers attached to a spent Delta-II second stage. The three experiments were the first successful flights of long tethers in orbit, and demonstrated both mechanical and electrodynamic tether operation. SEDS-1 The first fully successful orbital flight test of a long tether system was SEDS-1, which tested the simple deploy-only Small Expendable Deployer System. The tether swung to the vertical and was cut after one orbit. This slung the payload and tether from Guam onto a reentry trajectory off the coast of Mexico. The reentry was accurate enough that a pre-positioned observer was able to videotape the payload re-entry and burnup. SEDS-2 SEDS-2 was launched on a Delta (along with a GPS Block 2 satellite) on 9 March 1994. A feedback braking limited the swing after deployment to 4°. The payload returned data for 8 hours until its battery died; during this time tether torque spun it up to 4 rpm. The tether suffered a cut 3.7 days after deployment. The payload reentered (as expected) within hours, but the length at the Delta end survived with no further cuts until re-entry on 7 May 1994. The tether was an easy naked-eye object when lit by the sun and viewed against a dark sky. In these experiments, tether models were verified, and the tests demonstrated that a reentry vehicle can be downwardly deployed into a reentry orbit using tethers. PMG A follow-on experiment, the Plasma Motor Generator (PMG), used the SEDS deployer to deploy a 500-m tether to demonstrate electrodynamic tether operation. The PMG was planned to test the ability of a Hollow Cathode Assembly (HCA) to provide a low–impedance bipolar electric current between a spacecraft and the ionosphere. In addition, other expectations were to show that the mission configuration could function as an orbit-boosting motor as well as a generator, by converting orbital energy into electricity. The tether was a 500 m length of insulated 18 gauge copper wire. The mission was launched on 26 June 1993, as the secondary payload on a Delta II rocket. The total experiment lasted approximately seven hours. In that time, the results demonstrated that current is fully reversible, and therefore was capable of generating power and orbit boosting modes. The hollow cathode was able to provide a low–power way of connecting the current to and from the ambient plasma. This means that the HC demonstrated its electron collection and emission capabilities. NRL, TiPS, and ATEx experiments TiPS The Tether Physics and Survivability Experiment (TiPS) was launched in 1996 as a project of the US Naval Research Laboratory; it incorporated a 4,000 meter tether. The two tethered objects were called "Ralph" and "Norton". TiPS was visible from the ground with binoculars or a telescope and was occasionally accidentally spotted by amateur astronomers. The tether broke in July 2006. This long-term statistical data point is in line with debris models published by J. Carroll after the SEDS-2 mission, and ground tests by D. Sabath from TU Muenchen. Predictions of a maximum of two years survivability for TiPS based on some other ground tests have shown to be overly pessimistic (e.g. McBride/Taylor, Penson). The early cut of the SEDS-2 therewith must be considered an anomaly possibly related to the impact of upper stage debris. ATEx The Advanced Tether Experiment (ATEx), was a follow on to the TiPS experiment, designed and built by the Naval Center for Space Technology. ATEx flew as part of the STEX (Space Technology Experiment) mission. ATEx had two end masses connected by a polyethylene tether that was intended to deploy to a length of , and was intended to test a new tether deployment scheme, new tether material, active control, and survivability. ATEx was deployed on 16 January 1999 and ended 18 minutes later after deploying only 22 m of tether. The jettison was triggered by an automatic protection system designed to save STEX if the tether began to stray from its expected departure angle, which was ultimately caused by excessive slack tether. As a result of the deployment failure, none of the desired ATEx goals were achieved. Young Engineers' Satellite (YES) YES In 1997, the European Space Agency launched the Young Engineers' Satellite (YES) of about into GTO with a double-strand tether, and planned to deorbit a probe at near-interplanetary speed by swinging deployment of the tether system. The orbit achieved was not as initially planned for the tether experiment and, for safety considerations, the tether was not deployed. YES2 10 years after YES, its successor, the Young Engineers' Satellite 2 (YES2) was flown. The YES2 was a 36 kg student-built tether satellite, part of ESA's Foton-M3 microgravity mission. The YES2 satellite employed a 32 km tether to deorbit a small re-entry capsule, "Fotino." The YES2 satellite was launched on 14 September 2007 from Baikonur. The communications system on the capsule failed, and the capsule was lost, but deployment telemetry indicated that the tether deployed to full length and that the capsule presumably deorbited as planned. It has been calculated that Fotino was inserted into a trajectory towards a landing site in Kazakhstan, but no signal was received. The capsule was not recovered. KITE Experiment The Kounotori Integrated Tether Experiment (KITE) was a test of tether technology on the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) 6 space station resupply vehicle, launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in December 2016. After undocking from the International Space Station on 27 January 2016, it was intended to deploy a 700-meter (2,300 feet) electrodynamic tether, however, a failure resulted in the tether not deploying. The vehicle burned up in the atmosphere without deployment. The experiment did successful demonstrate a carbon nanotube field-emission cathode. CubeSat tether missions CubeSats are small, low-cost satellites that are typically launched as secondary payloads on other missions, often built and operated as student projects. Several CubeSat missions have attempted to deploy tethers, so far without success. MAST The Multi-Application Survivable Tether (MAST) launched three 1-kg CubeSat modules with a 1-km tether. Two of the CubeSat modules ("Ted" and "Ralph") were intended as end-masses on the deployed tether, while the third ("Gadget") served as a climber that could move up and down the tether. The experiment used a multi-line "Hoytether" designed to be damage–resistant. The objectives of the MAST experiment were to obtain on-orbit data on the survivability of space tethers in the micrometeorite/debris orbital environment, to study the dynamics of tethered formations of spacecraft and rotating tether systems, and to demonstrate momentum-exchange tether concepts. The experiment hardware was designed under a NASA Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) collaboration between Tethers Unlimited, Inc. and Stanford University, with TUI developing the tether, tether deployer, tether inspection subsystem, satellite avionics, and software, and Stanford students developing the satellite structures and assisting with the avionics design, as a part of the University CubeSat program. In April 2007 the MAST was launched as a secondary payload on a Dnepr rocket into a 98°, orbit. The experiment team made contact with the "Gadget" picosatellite, but not with "Ted", the tether-deployer picosatellite. While the system was designed so that the satellites would separate even if communications were not established to the tether deployer, the system did not fully deploy. Radar measurements show the tether deployed just 1 meter. STARS, STARS-II, and STARS-C The Space Tethered Autonomous Robotic Satellite (STARS or Kukai) mission, developed by the Kagawa Satellite Development Project at Kagawa University, Japan, was launched 23 January 2009 as a CubeSat secondary payload aboard H-IIA flight 15, which also launched GOSAT. After launch, the satellite was named KUKAI, and consisted of two subsatellites, "Ku" and "Kai," to be linked by a tether. It was successfully separated from the rocket and transferred into the planned orbit, but the tether deployed only to a length of several centimeters, "due to the launch lock trouble of the tether reel mechanism." A follow-on satellite, STARS-II, was a satellite designed to fly a electrodynamic tether made from ultra-thin wires of stainless steel and aluminium. One objective of this program was to demonstrate possible technology for de-orbiting space debris. The mission launched on 27 February 2014 as a secondary payload aboard an H-2A rocket, and re-entered two months later, on 26 April 2014. The experiment was only partially successful, and tether deployment could not be confirmed. The orbit decayed from to in 50 days, considerably faster than the other CubeSats launched on the same mission, an indirect indication that its tether deployed, increasing the drag. However, telescopic photography of the satellite from the ground showed the satellite as a single point, rather than two objects. The experimenters suggest that this may have been due to the tether extending, but being tangled by rebound. A third STARS mission, the STARS-C cubesat, was a 2U cubesat designed to deploy a aramid fiber tether with a diameter of between a mother satellite and a daughter satellite. The cubesat was designed by a team from Shizuoka University. The satellite has a mass of . It was launched on 9 December 2016, from the JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer on the International Space Station, and re-entered on 2 March 2018. However, the signal quality was intermittent, possibly due to failure of deployment of the solar panel, and data on tether deployment was not obtained. Estimates from orbital drag measurements suggest that the tether deployed to a length of about 30 meters. ESTCube-1 ESTCube-1 was an Estonian mission to test an electric sail in orbit, launched in 2013. It was designed to deploy a tether using centrifugal deployment, but the tether failed to deploy. TEPCE Tether Electrodynamic Propulsion CubeSat Experiment (TEPCE) was a Naval Research Laboratory electrodynamic tether experiment based on a "triple CubeSat" configuration, which was built by 2012 and due to be launched in 2013, but eventually launched as a secondary payload as part of the STP-2 launch on a Falcon Heavy in June 2019. The tether deployed in November 2019 to detect electrodynamic force on the tether's orbit. TEPCE used two nearly identical endmasses with a STACER spring between them to start the deployment of a 1 km long braided-tape conducting tether. Passive braking was used to reduce speed and hence recoil at the end of deployment. The satellite was intended to drive an electrodynamic current in either direction. It was intended to be able to raise or lower the orbit by several kilometers per day, change libration state, change orbit plane, and actively maneuver. A large change in its decay rate on 17 November suggests the tether was deployed on that date, leading to its rapid reentry, which occurred on 1 February 2020. MiTEE The Miniature Tether Electrodynamics Experiment (MiTEE) from the University of Michigan is a cubesat experiment designed measure electrical current along a tether at different lengths between . It was to deploy a subsatellite of approximately from a 3U CubeSat to test satellite electrodynamics tethers in the space environment. In 2015, NASA selected MiTEE as a University CubeSat Space Mission Candidate, and the project successfully delivered hardware for flight. In January 2021, MiTEE-1 launched to space on Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne test flight. Sounding rocket flights CHARGE 2 The Cooperative High Altitude Rocket Gun Experiment (CHARGE) 2 was jointly developed by Japan and NASA, to observe the current collection along with other phenomena. The major objective was to measure the payload charging and return currents during periods of electron emission. Secondary objectives were related to plasma processes associated with direct current and pulsed firings of a low-power electron beam source. On 14 December 1985, the CHARGE mission was launched at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The results indicated that it is possible to enhance the electron current collection capability of positively charged vehicles by means of deliberate neutral gas releases into an undisturbed space plasma. In addition, it was observed that the release of neutral gas or argon gas into the undisturbed plasma region surrounding a positively biased platform has been found to cause enhancements to electron current collection. This was due to the fact that a fraction of the gas was ionized, which increased the local plasma density, and therefore the level of return current. OEDIPUS OEDIPUS ("Observations of Electric-field Distribution in the Ionospheric Plasma — a Unique Strategy") consisted of two sounding rocket experiments that used spinning, conductive tethers as a double probe for measurements of weak electric fields in the aurora. They were launched using Black Brant 3-stage sounding rockets. OEDIPUS A launched on 30 January 1989 from Andøya in Norway. The tethered payload consisted of two spinning subpayloads with a mass of 84 and 131 kg, connected by a spinning tether. The flight established a record for the length of an electrodynamic tether in space at that time, . The tether was a teflon-coated, stranded tin-copper wire of diameter and it was deployed from a spool-type reel located on the forward subpayload. OEDIPUS C was launched on 6 November 1995 from the Poker Flat Research Range north of Fairbanks, Alaska on a Black Brant XII sounding rocket. The flight reached an apogee of and deployed a tether of the same type used in the OEDIPUS-A to a length of . It included a Tether Dynamics Experiment to derive theory and develop simulation and animation software for analyses of multi–body dynamics and control of the spinning tether configuration, provide dynamics and control expertise for the suborbital tethered vehicle and for the science investigations, develop an attitude stabilization scheme for the payloads and support OEDIPUS C payload development, and acquire dynamics data during flight to compare with pre-flight simulation. T-Rex On 31 August 2010, an experiment by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) on space tether experiment called "Tether Technologies Rocket Experiment" (T-REX), sponsored by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), was launched on sounding rocket S-520-25 from Uchinoura Space Center, Japan, reaching a maximum altitude of . T-Rex was developed by an international team led by the Kanagawa Institute of Technology/Nihon University to test a new type of electrodynamic tether (EDT). The tape tether deployed as scheduled and a video of deployment was transmitted to the ground. Successful tether deployment was verified, as was the fast ignition of a hollow cathode in the space environment. The experiment demonstrated a "Foldaway Flat Tether Deployment System". The educational experiment featured the first bare tape tether deployment (i.e. without insulation, the tether itself acts as anode and collects electrons). of the total of of tether was deployed fire-hose style, purely driven by inertia and limited by friction, following a powerful, spring-initiated ejection. Accurate differential GPS data of the deployment was recorded, and video taken from the endmasses. Proposed and future missions ProSEDS The use of a bare section of a space-borne electrodynamic tether for an electron-collection device has been suggested as a promising alternative to end-body electron collectors for certain electrodynamic tether applications. The bare-tether concept was to be tested first during NASA's Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System (ProSEDS) mission. While the mission was canceled after NASA's space shuttle Columbia accident, the concept could potentially be undertaken in the future. EDDE ElectroDynamic Debris Eliminator (EDDE) was proposed in 2012 as an affordable system to deorbit or gather large orbital debris. The tether is flat for resistance to micromeroid impacts, and would carry large solar panels. Further reading References Satellites Tether Space elevator	4,929
70419000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond%20Jump	Desmond Jump	Luis Ortega, known as "Desmond Jump", is a Streetball Exhibition Player, based in Spain. He debuted in 2010 with the AND1 sports brand and undertook a tour with the NBA through various European countries. He was champion in Spain in the Slam Dunks contest with a record of 73-0, and champion of the NBA 5 United championship and winner of the NBA Tour slam dunk contest. Although his stature is short, his specialty is jumping very high, being the player and Dominican to jump more NBA players in the world, including Derrick William, Dwight Howard, Jrue Holiday, Nikola Pekovic, Corey Brewer, Muggsy Bogues and Al Horford. Career He represented the Dominican Republic at the Novaschool Campus in the province of Malaga in 2011 along with Felipe Reyes and Lennon Álvarez. He is a regular guest at street basketball events in Spain like Lavapiés 3x3 and 5x5, NBA 5 United Tour, NBA 3X, and 3X3 NBA BBVA Experience. On 2017, he represented Italy in Jump 10 held in China. In his career, he has been able to play alongside A C Green, Bruce Bowen, Rolando Blackman, Ron Harper, Derrick William, among others. He has vaulted over 5 people to perform a slam dunk. Trajectory 2004-2006: Ayers Rock (Italy) 2007: Gerindote 2008-2009: Los Angeles 2010: Virgen del Camino 2010-2014: Sign with And1 2011-2015: Tour NBA 2011-2015 2017: Italy on Jump 10 (China) List of NBA Players who has jumped Derrick Williams / 6.8 ft Dwight Howard / 6.11 ft Jrue Holiday /1.93 ft Nikola Peković / 6.10 ft Corey Brewer / 2.06 ft Muggsy Bogues / 5.3 ft Al Horford / 6.1 ft Championships Champion of the NBA 5 United Tour in Madrid (Adidas) 2011 References Living people 1986 births Street basketball players	466
31409903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokin%20government	Fokin government	The Fokin Government was the second Cabinet of Ministers appointed in independent Ukraine (1990-1991) that was approved following the ousting of the Masol's government due to the 1990 Kyiv's student strike (also known as Revolution on Granite). On 18 April 1991 the head of the Council of Minister of the Ukrainian SSR was officially renamed as the Prime-Minister of the Ukrainian SSR. On 21 May 1991 the former council of ministers was officially renamed as cabinet of ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. On 17 September 1991 Ukrainian SSR was officially renamed into Ukraine. Brief scope On June 13, 1990 Verkhovna Rada of Ukrainian SSR acknowledged through its declaration the petition of the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR about its resignation because of reelections to Verkhovna Rada. The council, however was authorized to continue to perform its duties until the new government would be formed. The new chairman of the government was appointed on June 28. Initially the government was headed by Vitaliy Masol, however he was forced to resign due to heavy student's manifestations in Kyiv. In November 1990 the new chairman was appointed Vitold Fokin who replaced the acting chairman Kostyantyn Masik. On July 16, 1990 the Verkhovna Rada adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine, after which on July 18 were appointed three chairman's deputies. However, it was not until July 25 when the first members of new council were appointed. The process of confirming the ministerial positions stretched until August 3, 1990. On April 18, 1991 the Council of Ministers was replaced with the Cabinet of Ministers. Offices of chairman and his deputies became offices of Prime Minister and his vice-ministers. There also was introduced a new special position of state minister, which however was liquidated on February 25, 1992. On February 25 the whole cabinet was reconstructed and reshuffled. 1990–1991 Composition (Last Council of Ministers) Initial composition After July 25 State Committees Changes On August 3, 1990 Kostyantyn Masik became the First Deputy Chairman On October 23, 1990 Vitaliy Masol was dismissed, while Masik was performing his duties as the First Deputy On November 14, 1990 Vitold Fokin was appointed the new Chairman 1991–1992 Composition (First Cabinet of Ministers) State Committees Changes 1991 On September 20 KGB was liquidated, in its place was formed the Service of National Security. On October 23 the new Minister of Finance was appointed Hryhoriy P'yatachenko replacing Oleksandr Kovalenko. On October 29 Maselsky was dismissed. New vice-prime-minister was appointed on February 25, 1992 (Viktor Sytnyk). On December 12 the Ministry of National Education was replaced with the Ministry of Education headed by Petro Talanchuk. On December 31 Volodymyr Tymofeyev replaced the Minister of Trade Oleh Slepichev. 1992 On February 25 all State Ministries were liquidated. On February 25 the State Ministry of Defense Complex and Conversion replaced with the Ministry of Machine-Building, Military-Industrial Complex, and Conversion. On February 25 the State Ministry of Investment Policy and Construction Complex replaced with the Ministry of Investments and Construction. On February 26 the State Secretary of Cabinet of Ministers became the Minister of Cabinet of Ministers. On February 29 the State Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Provision replaced with the Ministry of Farm Management and Provision. On February 29 the State Ministry of Industry and Transportation split between the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Transportation (recreated later). On March 5 the State Ministry of Economy replaced with the Ministry of Economy. On March 6 Volodymyr Lanovyi was appointed a vice-prime-minister, while holding the post of the Minister of Economy. On March 20 Volodymyr Kampo replaced the Minister of Justice Vitaliy Boiko. On March 20 Anatoliy Voronkov replaced the Minister of International Business Relationships Valeriy Kravchenko. On March 20 Roman Shpek replaced the Minister in Affairs of State Property Privatization and De-monopolization of Industry Viktor Salnikov. On July 11 Lanovyi (Minister of Economy) was dismissed. On July 11 Valentyn Symonenko was appointed the First vice-prime-minister. On September 28 Mykhailo Pavlovsky replaced the Minister of Industry Viktor Hladush. On October 1 Fokin was dismissed as the Verkhovna Rada expressed its doubt in government. On October 2 Valentyn Symonenko was appointed an acting prime-minister. On October 16 the Minister of Cabinet of Ministers was dismissed. On October 27 was approved the new Cabinet of Ministers headed by Leonid Kuchma. On November 7 Valentyn Symonenko was dismissed. On November 13 the Ministry of State Resources was liquidated. On November 13 the Ministry of International Business Relationships was liquidated. On November 13 the Ministry in Affairs of State Property Privatization and De-monopolization of Industry was liquidated. On December 8 the Minister of Farm Management and Provision was dismissed. On December 30 the Minister of Investments and Construction was dismissed. References Ukrainian governments 1991 establishments in Ukraine 1992 disestablishments in Ukraine Cabinets established in 1991 Cabinets disestablished in 1992	1,150
53746845	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Dehradun%20Municipal%20Corporation%20election	2013 Dehradun Municipal Corporation election	The 2013 Dehradun Municipal Corporation election was a municipal election to the Dehradun Municipal Corporation, which governs Dehradun, the largest city in Uttarakhand. It took place on 28 April 2013. Election Schedule Mayoral election Position of the house See also 2013 Uttarakhand local elections 2013 Haridwar Municipal Corporation election References External links Official Website of the Dehradun Municipal Corporation Kanwali Ward Map Kanwali Ward Voter List Dehradun Municipal Corporation Dehradun Local elections in Uttarakhand 2013 elections in India	136
2023497	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanwell%20Park%20railway%20station	Stanwell Park railway station	Stanwell Park railway station is located on the South Coast railway line in New South Wales, Australia. It serves the seaside village of Stanwell Park opening on 23 December 1901, relocating to its current location on 10 October 1920. Buildings and railway history The original rail line followed what is now Lawrence Hargrave Drive, curving around the southern headland and through Stanwell Park. The station opened on 14 March 1890 at its original site opposite Station Street under the footbridge. To the north the line followed Chellow Dene Avenue to the Otford Tunnel through Bald Hill. A platform was provided on the eastern side on 24 April 1890, and was moved to the western side to make room for a crossing loop which opened on 23 December 1901. Station buildings were added on 4 June 1903 and a signal box on 17 May 1909. A second platform was provided on 13 July 1909, and the footbridge over the station installed on 9 October 1911. To the north a steep grade of 1 in 40 faced northbound trains almost all the way to Otford. This combined with the long Otford Tunnel meant that many trains were divided at Stanwell Park and hauled through to Otford or Waterfall in stages. Refuge sidings were provided for northbound trains at Stanwell Park from 17 December 1912 so that the rear portion of divided trains no longer had to be left on the main line. In 1920, the original single line was replaced with a double track deviation. The deviation avoided the Otford Tunnel and steep grades by tracing around the Stanwell Park amphitheatre at a higher level, and the present station was constructed. The new line featured an eight span, long, high curved viaduct over Stanwell Creek south of the station which required over three million bricks in its construction. Platforms and services Stanwell Park has two side platforms and is serviced by NSW TrainLink South Coast line services travelling between Waterfall and Port Kembla. Some peak hour and late night services operate to Sydney Central, Bondi Junction and Kiama. Transport links Premier Charters operates two bus routes via Stanwell Park station, under contract to Transport for NSW: 2: to Wollongong via Thirroul 15: to Helensburgh station References External links Stanwell Park station details Transport for New South Wales Buildings and structures in Wollongong Railway stations in Australia opened in 1890 Railway stations in Australia opened in 1920 Regional railway stations in New South Wales	533
15452246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Tasmania%20cricket%20captains	List of Tasmania cricket captains	The Australian state of Tasmania has one of the longest traditions of cricket-playing in the southern hemisphere. Cricket is recorded as having first been played in Tasmania very shortly after the arrival of British settlers on the island on 12 September 1803, however it wasn't until nearly fifty years later that First-class cricket was to be played there. Despite the long wait since the foundation of the colony, Tasmania played in the first ever first-class cricket match in Australia, which was played on 11 February and 12 February 1851, against Victoria, with Tasmania emerging victorious by 3 wickets. For that first match, Tasmania was captained by John Marshall. Following that first ever First-class match Tasmania endured a long period of isolation, in which the island's cricketers had to content themselves with occasional First-class matches against other colonies, primarily Victoria, and touring or representative sides. Australia's elite First-class cricket competition, the Sheffield Shield was established in 1892, however Tasmania was not invited to participate in that elite competition until 1977, and even then, their first four seasons were on a limited fixture list. These are lists of the men who have been the official Tasmanian captains in First-class, List A and Twenty20 domestic matches. Where a player has a dagger (†) after his period of captaincy, that denotes that player deputised for the appointed captain. The dagger classification follows that adopted by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. First-class captains This is a list of cricketers who have captained the Tasmanian cricket team for at least one First-class match. It is complete up to the 2018/19 season. Notes: Where there are periods of time in which it appears there is no captain, it is because prior to Tasmania's entry into the Sheffield Shield they often went for periods in which the state played no first class cricket. Jack Simmons captained Tasmania to their first ever win in a Sheffield Shield match in against Western Australia, who they beat by 4 wickets on 30 January 1979. Whilst Ricky Ponting was in effect the Tasmanian cricket captain from 2001/02 until he announced he was standing down on 21 November 2007, this was primarily a ceremonial appointment in order to have the Australian captain as Tasmanian captain as well. In effect Daniel Marsh, his Vice-Captain, has performed the captaincy duties on most occasions, and was appointed outright following Ponting standing aside. Daniel Marsh captained Tasmania to their first ever Pura Cup title in 2006/07, when they beat the New South Wales Blues by 421 runs in the final on 23 March 2007. Source: Cricinfo Australian Domestic Seasons List A captains Despite not participating in the Sheffield Shield at that time, Tasmania was included in the inaugural List A cricket competition in Australia that began in 1969/70, and has participated in every subsequent season. This is a complete list of every man who has captained the Tasmanian Tigers in List A cricket. Notes: Source: Cricinfo Australian Domestic Seasons All statistics correct as of 19 October 2016. Twenty20 captains Tasmania played their first Twenty20 cricket match against the Queensland Bulls on 6 January 2006, however the match ended with no result. Below is the record of all the men who have captained Tasmania in Twenty20 cricket matches. Notes: Source: Cricinfo Australian Domestic Seasons All statistics correct as of 1 February 2011. See also List of Tasmanian representative cricketers Tasmanian Tigers References Cricinfo Australian Domestic Seasons Tasmania Cricket captains Tasmania captains	768
18473198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N56	N56	N56 may refer to: Roads N56 road (Belgium) Route nationale 56, in France N56 road (Ireland) Nebraska Highway 56, in the United States Other uses N-56 (pressure group) a Scottish pressure group Great Valley Airport, in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States , a Grampus-class submarine of the Royal Navy sunk in 1940 , a U-class submarine of the Royal Navy sunk in 1941	109
33096204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%20and%20Woman%20in%20Front%20of%20a%20Pile%20of%20Excrement	Man and Woman in Front of a Pile of Excrement	Man and Woman in Front of a Pile of Excrement (Homme et femme devant un tas d'excréments) is a 1935 oil painting on copper by Joan Miró. Description The painting was made on a piece of copper in the week between 15 and 22 October 1935. Miró said that the subject resulted from trying to represent the tragedy and torture of the Spanish Civil War. The painting was one of twelve known as the Wild Paintings. Half of these were painted on copper whilst the remaining six were on the type of hardboard called Masonite. These were constructed in the period of public rioting in Spain that resulted in the Civil War. Miró said this painting was about a period of unease. The painting shows a man and woman reaching out for an embrace but neither of them are moving. The enlarged genitals and lurid colouring have been described as full of "disgust and a loathsome sexuality". The figures represented Miró's pessimism with the situation in Catalonia. This painting has been described as the "key painting" representing Miró's foreboding about the forthcoming civil war. A chiaroscuro effect is created by the black sky against which the disjointed limbs of the figures are highlighted. Miró's choice of title was to use French and not Spanish. Miró said that the reference to excrement comes from a saying by Rembrandt who said that when it came to painting, rubies and diamonds were found in dung heaps. Provenance This picture was painted in Mont-roig del Camp in 1935 and was in the possession of Pilar Juncosa Miró, but is now in the permanent collection of the Fundació Joan Miró in Barcelona. Pilar Juncosa had been Miró's wife since 1929 and she was a supporter of his Foundation. This painting is kept in the Pilar Juncosa Gallery at his Foundation. References External links Fundació Joan Miró/Joan Miró Foundation Further reading 1935 paintings Paintings by Joan Miró Paintings in Barcelona	450
5989835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del%20Delker	Del Delker	Ardella V. Delker (October 21, 1924 – January 31, 2018) was an American contralto sacred music female vocalist who sang on the Voice of Prophecy radio ministry beginning in 1947. Biography Delker was born in Java, South Dakota, in 1924. She started singing informally at a young age, such as an incident when she was three years old, when she became separated from her parents and started singing in front of the local bank; people passing by offered her money for her performance. When she was seven, her mother, by now separated from her father, moved to California with Del and her brother. Her mother was a Seventh-day Adventist, and sent Del to an Adventist school for grades 5 through 8, but Del was not interested in the church, preferring to sing popular music, and volunteering to sing to the armed forces. After attending a series of meetings held by The Quiet Hour in March 1947, she joined the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and immediately began singing for The Quiet Hour. That summer she was invited to join the Voice of Prophecy, as a secretary and a singer for their radio broadcasts. She said no three times, because she had no formal musical training and could not read music; and also because she intended to attend college that fall. However, the fourth time she was asked, she accepted. In 1951, she was recorded for the first time, on a record that featured the King's Heralds male quartet. At the Voice of Prophecy she also had the opportunity to work with famous Seventh-day Adventist composer Wayne Hooper, who wrote many arrangements for her. In 1953, she finally made it to college, at first attending Emmanuel Missionary College, and later transferring to La Sierra College in order to continue singing with the Voice of Prophecy. She graduated in 1958 with a degree in religion with an emphasis in counselling. Delker recorded over forty albums for Chapel Records since the early 1950s. Among the songs she is best known for are "The Love of God", "Ten Thousand Angels", and "The Night Watch". In addition to her scores of recordings in English, she has also recorded several gospel albums in Spanish and Portuguese, recording songs in 15 languages in total, as well as religious music for children. Delker toured the world with Voice of Prophecy revivals and performed in many nations, often singing Christian hymns in the native languages. She sang frequently with the King's Heralds, and at meetings led by H.M.S. Richards. She also sang frequently for the Voice of Prophecy radio broadcasts. Due to her involvement with Adventist radio and television ministries, Del Delker became one of the most well-known musicians with the Seventh-day Adventist church. After the Voice of Prophecy music department was disbanded in 1982, she continued to sing for their broadcasts, and also sang for the Faith for Today television broadcast. She officially retired in 1990, but continued to sing and record albums in her retirement. She was a good friend of composer Hugh Martin who she collaborated with in the 1980s and the 1990s, and who served as her accompanist, and he later penned a new version of his Christmas song "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" entitled "Have Yourself A Blessed Little Christmas", which Delker recorded in 1999. In 2002, she released her autobiography, Del Delker: Her Story, co-written by Ken Wade and published by Pacific Press. Delker's last performance was in 2007, at the age of 82, for the funeral of her long-time collaborator Wayne Hooper. She died on January 31, 2018, in Porterville, California. Upon her death, Ted Wilson, President of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, released the following statement: "When we get to heaven, we will meet many people who were not only blessed by Del's voice but were influenced by her Christ-centered singing to make a decision to follow Jesus." Selected discography Del Delker released music almost exclusively through Chapel Records, the official music label of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. References External links Voice of Prophecy website "I Know He Watches Me" by Stephen Chavez. Adventist Review cover story on Del Delker's life. "The Love of God," as sung by Del Delker for her album "Heaven On My Mind" Del Delker in live performance singing "The Wonder Of It All," with the Portuguese King's Heralds in 2001 1924 births 2018 deaths American women singers American Seventh-day Adventists American gospel singers Chapel Records artists People from Walworth County, South Dakota	1,001
8366681	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20of%20Courson	Robert of Courson	Robert of Courson or Courçon (also written de Curson, or Curzon) ( 1160/1170 – 1219) was a scholar at the University of Paris and later a cardinal and papal legate. Life Robert of Courson was born in England some time between 1160 and 1170. Little is known about his family or early life. He may have been a member of an Anglo-Norman family originating from the village of Notre-Dame-de-Courson in Normandy. Robert was a student of the Parisian theologian Peter the Chanter - a reference to Peter's death in 1197 in Robert's Summa indicates that he must have studied with the Chanter near the end of his career in the 1190s. According to Caesarius of Heisterbach, Robert taught theology at the University of Paris, probably starting sometime before 1200 and ending when he became a cardinal priest of Saint Stephen of Mount Celius in 1212. Prior to that time he had served as a judge delegate in Paris. In 1213, when Innocent III proclaimed the Fourth Lateran Council to take place in 1215, Robert was made a papal legate to France to help prepare. In this capacity, Robert convened a number of local councils and preached a new crusade in the Holy Land. Robert also ordered new rules for his former university in August 1215, banning certain treatments of Aristotle and the pointed pigache shoes then in fashion. He further attempted to mediate between King John of England and Philip Augustus of France in order to dissuade John from attempting to reconquer lost English possessions in France, eventually leading to a peace in 1215. Robert may also have participated briefly in the Albigensian Crusade in 1214. Robert was not popular as a legate in France and in 1215 the French clergy refused to attend a council he had summoned in Bourges, after which Robert attempted to have them excommunicated. Robert's term as legate ended with the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, after which he was sent to Rome. Many of his decisions as papal legate were negated by Innocent or his successor Pope Honorius III. In 1218, Robert was made a papal preacher on the Fifth Crusade to Egypt, where he died during the Siege of Damietta on February 6, 1219. Works He is the author of several works, including a Summa devoted to questions of canon law and ethics and dealing at length with the question of usury. His interference in the affairs of the University of Paris, in the midst of the confusion arising from the introduction of the Arabian translations of Aristotle, resulted in the proscription (1215) of the metaphysical as well as the physical treatises of the Stagyrita, together with the summaries thereof (Summæ de eiusdem). At the same time, his rescript (Denifle, "Chartul. Univ. Paris", I, 78) renews the condemnation of the Pantheists David of Dinant and Amaury of Bene, but permits the use, as texts, of Aristotle's Ethics and the logical treatises. The rescript also contains several enactments relating to academic discipline. References Citations Bibliography Denifle, Chartul. Univ. Paris, I (Paris, 1889), 72, 78 De Wulf, Hist. of Medieval Phil., tr. Coffey (New York, 1909), 252. . 1160s births 1218 deaths 13th-century English cardinals Canon law jurists Christians of the Fifth Crusade Chancellors of the University of Paris	768
8175272	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Rankin%20Ballard	William Rankin Ballard	Captain William Rankin Ballard (August 12, 1847 – February 4, 1929) was a Seattle pioneer, banker, and land developer. He was one of the founders of the city of Ballard, Washington (incorporated in 1890) which was later annexed to the growing city of Seattle, Washington in 1907. As acting manager of the Seattle National Bank in the early 1890s, he facilitated the construction of what is now known as the Interurban Building in the Pioneer Square neighborhood. William Rankin Ballard was born to Levi Ward Ballard (founder of Auburn, Washington) and Phoebe Anne McConnell August 12, 1847 in Perrysburg, Wood County, Ohio He married Estella Thorndike on November 12, 1882 in Seattle, and died in Seattle February 4, 1929. The title Captain derives from his command of the boat Zephyr that operated between Seattle and Olympia to the south. Ballard High School was named for Capt. Ballard. References 1847 births 1929 deaths History of Seattle Businesspeople from Seattle Maritime history of Washington (state) 19th-century American businesspeople People from Perrysburg, Ohio	243
57398509	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilok	Pilok	Pilok ( or , ) is a subdistrict (tambon) in Thong Pha Phum District of Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province. Its main settlement, Ban I-tong (, ), is a remote village on the Myanmar border, and is surrounded by Thong Pha Phum National Park, which takes up most of the subdistrict's area. Pilok rose as a mining boomtown in the 1940s, when tin and tungsten mines were established in the area, but suffered greatly from the tin market crash of 1985, after which its mines ceased operation. The village has since seen revival as a tourist destination. Name The name Pilok probably derives from the Thai term phi lok (ผีหลอก, to be scared by ghosts), a reference to the area's hostile conditions as well as violent early history, when clashes between Thai authorities and Burmese workers left many dead. The village name of I-tong comes from (nat im taung), meaning "mountain of spirits". History The exact discovery of Pilok's tin and tungsten deposits have not been documented, but the earliest mining operations were probably done by small-scale Burmese prospectors working in the frontier region. Official Thai involvement began in 1940 when the (now-defunct) state-owned Mines Organization established the Pilok Mine. Private mining operations then followed, soon numbering over fifty. Initially, mining operations were hindered by the harsh inaccessibility of the region. Ore from the mines had to be transported by elephant to Tha Khanun on the Khwae Noi River, from where it was two days by boat (five days if travelling upstream) to the provincial centre of Kanchanaburi. A road was soon built, linking the mines to the river by 1950, and by the 1980s partially paved roads provided year-round direct access to the mines from Kanchanaburi. Pilok became a bustling mining town, serving thousands of workers, with two cinemas and an airfield. In 1985, the global tin market crashed, and tin prices plunged. Pilok's mining companies had to close down, and the mines were abandoned. Most of the population left, and Pilok/I-tong was reduced to almost a ghost town. As part of conservation plans of the Western Forest Complex beginning in 1991, most of the forested area of Pilok Subdistrict became included under the new Thong Pha Phum National Park, which was officially established in 2009. The village has since seen somewhat of a revival, as its remoteness became an attraction for tourists. Much of the remaining population of I-tong have adopted the new tourism-oriented economy, with many homes converted to cafes and homestays. Geography and administration Pilok Subdistrict covers an area of , about 95% of which is natural forest, in the Tenasserim Hills of Western Thailand. The subdistrict contains four villages (muban): I-tong, Bo-ong (), Mai Rai Pa () and Pilok Khi (), with a total population of 6,512 from 2,365 households. Its local administration falls entirely under the Pilok Subdistrict Administration Organization. Ban I-tong () lies at an elevation of on the Myanmar border, by road from the district centre and from Kanchanaburi. A gas pipeline from Myanmar's Yadana gas field also passes through I-tong, and provides it with electricity. The other three villages are accessible only by boat across the Vajiralongkorn Dam reservoir, and rely on solar energy. Places Pilok has various places of interest, many of which are natural features within Thong Pha Phum National Park. The village of I-tong itself has become a tourist destination for its rustic atmosphere and the fog which regularly rolls in over the surrounding hills. In the village's vicinity, the site of the abandoned Pilok Mine, with its old buildings and machinery, is open to the public, and the Buddhist temple Wat Mueang Pilok () sits on a hill overlooking the village. Another hill, Noen Sao Thong (, "flagpole hill") lies on the border itself, and also features a viewpoint under the twin poles which fly the flags of Thailand and Myanmar side by side. There is a border crossing nearby, but it is not open to the public. South of Ban I-tong, the hill of Noen Chang Suek (, "war elephant hill", above sea level) provides views over the village as well as the surrounding area, and on clear days the Andaman Sea, away on the Myanmar side, is reportedly visible. The viewpoint is within the Chang Suek Operations Base of the Border Patrol Police, but is open to visitors and also features a popular campsite. Within the national park, the -high Khao Chang Phueak is the highest point in the area, and the seasonal hike across its narrow ridge is a popular activity. Chokkradin Waterfall is nearby. Also surrounded by the national park is the Somsak Mining Forest Glade, a guesthouse set in the grounds of a former mine. It is owned and operated by Glennis Setabundhu or Auntie Glen, an Australian who moved with her Thai husband Somsak to the country in the 1960s. Following the mine's closure, and her husband's death in 1994, Glennis reopened the mine as a guesthouse in order to keep the place alive and support the mine's former workers. Known for its remote location in the middle of the forest, access to the Forest Glade requires a -drive via all-terrain vehicle. The nearby Chet Mit Waterfall (, "seven friends waterfall") is within the mine's concession area. Across the Vajiralongkorn Dam reservoir, Phra That Bo-ong (in Ban Bo-ong) is a centuries-old stupa built on top of a rocky outcrop in the middle of a lake. It is regarded as sacred by the Buddhist Karens who form the local population. Notes References Populated places in Kanchanaburi province Tambon of Kanchanaburi province Mining communities in Thailand	1,327
42005574	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillmatic	Trillmatic	"Trillmatic" is a song by American rapper ASAP Nast from the New York–based hip hop collective ASAP Mob. It was released on December 4, 2013. It was originally intended to be a first single from ASAP Mob's debut studio album L.O.R.D., which was originally scheduled to be released around 2014, but the album, however, was scrapped. The song, produced by ASAP Mob's ASAP Ty Beats features East Coast rapper Method Man. The song has since peaked at number 29 on the UK R&B Chart. Background and composition The song originally appeared as a one-minute snippet on the end of ASAP Ant's "The Way It Go". On December 4, 2013, "Trillmatic" by ASAP Mob's ASAP Nast featuring Wu-Tang Clan's Method Man, and produced by ASAP Ty Beats, was originally released as the first single from their debut album L.O.R.D.. But, on September 26, 2014, fellow ASAP Mob member and general manager, Steven "ASAP Yams" Rodriguez, announced on his Tumblr account, that the album was scrapped. In an April 2014 interview with HipHopDX, Nast spoke on the song saying, "Basically what I wanted to do with that was put people in that time machine and bring them back to 1997, 1996—with Wu-Tang Clan, A Tribe Called Quest, AZ, Gang Starr—all these guys were coming up, and it was all about rapping. It wasn't about your fancy clothes. Well it was, but to an extent. "Trillmatic" was basically to showcase that we're in 2014, but we could still shine with the whole Golden Era. So I just wanted to put people in that zone, and that was it. I think we got the point across." The song features a hard-hitting, vintage 1990s boom bap beat. The song title, "Trillmatic", is a reference to Nas' debut album Illmatic. It contains a sample of "The World Is a Ghetto" by War from the 1972 album of the same name. Music video The music video for the song was mainly filmed at the Castle Hill Houses in The Bronx, New York City. The video was released on December 4, 2013. The group appeared on BET's 106 & Park to premiere the video. The video was directed by Jonah Schwartz. All the members of ASAP Mob including ASAP Rocky and ASAP Ferg make appearances in the video. In the video the group roam around the streets of New York City from the Bronx to Madison Square Garden. Critical reception "Trillmatic" was met with generally positive reviews. Billy Johnson Jr. of Rolling Stone praised both rappers performances, the refrain and the song's production. Andy Bustard of The BoomBox stated, "Trillmatic" "is a fun and refreshing throwback to 1990s East Coast rap." Nast has "two stellar verses and a surprisingly dope hook, but it’s Johnny Blaze who lights up the track with an effortlessly acrobatic guest appearance. A$AP Ty Beats' sample-laced, boom bap production proves that the true New York essence is hiding beneath all that Houston flavor after all." Jeff Rosenthal of Complex said, "it's been years since Method Man sounded so urgent as he does" on "Trillmatic". Chart performance Release history References 2013 songs 2013 debut singles ASAP Mob songs Method Man songs RCA Records singles Songs written by Method Man	737
22338787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Reward%20%281965%20film%29	The Reward (1965 film)	The Reward is a 1965 American Western film directed by Serge Bourguignon and starring Max von Sydow, Yvette Mimieux, Efrem Zimbalist Jr. and Gilbert Roland. based on a novel by Michael Barrett. Plot El Paso crop duster Scott Svenson accidentally flies his plane into a shallow pipe hidden just below the dirt landing area across the Mexican border. The disturbed pipe causes a water tower to collapse. By chance he spots a friend, Frank Bryant, in a car with a woman. Svenson then notices Bryant's face on a $50,000 reward poster. Since he must pay for the damage to the tower, Svenson offers to assist a local law enforcement official, Capt. Carbajal, in tracking down and capturing Bryant, whereupon they would split the reward. A posse is formed that includes Sgt. Lopez and two other men, Joaquin and young Luis, who dreams of becoming a bullfighter. Bryant and the woman, Sylvia, are tracked down, but Lopez—learning of the reward shortly after Bryant's apprehension—now wants a percentage of the reward for his efforts. And as soon as Joaquin makes a decision to help Bryant and the woman escape, Lopez kills both Bryant and Joaquin. Luis tries to round up the posse's remaining horses, but dies in the attempt. Carbajal then is stricken with malaria and turns seriously ill. There is little left to do for Svenson and the woman except try to get back to town safely on foot. Cast Max von Sydow as Svenson Swenson Yvette Mimieux as Sylvia Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. as Frank Bryant Gilbert Roland as Capt. Carbajal Emilio Fernández as Sgt. Lopez (as Emilio Fermandez) Nino Castelnuovo as Luis Henry Silva as Joaquin Rodolfo Acosta as Patron Julian Rivero as El Viejo Production The film was made for $2,685,000. Reception According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $4,400,000 in rentals to break even and only made $1,615,000. See also List of American films of 1965 References External links 1965 films 1965 Western (genre) films 1960s English-language films 20th Century Fox films CinemaScope films American Western (genre) films Films directed by Serge Bourguignon Films set in Mexico Contemporary Western films 1960s American films	556
72986606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20Dance%20%28Inna%20album%29	Just Dance (Inna album)	Just Dance is the ninth studio album by Romanian singer Inna. It was released in two parts, Just Dance #DQH1 and Just Dance #DQH2, that were made available for digital download and streaming through Global Records on 10 February and 14 April 2023, respectively. Inna vlogged the progress of Just Dance through her YouTube channel. The daily episodic videos were part of the third season of her Dance Queen's House series. The singer collaborated with several producers on the record, including Alexandru Cotoi (known as SICKOTOY),Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan, Adelina Stinga, Viky Red, and Alexandru Turcu. Just Dance has been described as EDM and its subgenres, with influences varying from Latin, hip hop and house to hyperpop. Background and release On 27 November 2020, Inna released her seventh studio album Heartbreaker. Sessions for the album took place over a three-week period at a rented Bucharest mansion, where Inna resided in with Romanian songwriters and producers Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan, David Ciente, Alexandru Cotoi and Minelli. She documented the progress of the album with daily vlogs on her YouTube channel—which constituted the first season of her series Dance Queen's House. On 7 January 2022 and 11 March 2022, Inna followed this up with the release of her eighth studio album, Champagne Problems (album). This album was recorded in 16 days as part of the second season of her series Dance Queen's House. Inna announced the third season of Dance Queen's House on YouTube on 3 December 2022 through a trailer video. Recording sessions for the album took place over 16 days, the same as in her eighth studio album. In an interview with PopDust Magazine, the singer says the process of recording the album was "intense and fun, with a lot of inspiration and fresh vibes from Alex Cotoi, IRAIDA and Marco & Seba, the creative team behind the album." The first section of the album was released 10 February 2023 through digital download, with visuals created by Florin Burlacu and Andrei Via being released for each track being released on YouTube. Following the release of the first section, INNA teased the release of "My Crystal Nails", a standalone single. Composition and reception Just Dance is an EDM, club-pop, experimental, deep-house with eurodance influences. INNA has described the album as "a refresh" from her past and "an important step in my evolution as an artist." The album is eclectic, featuring an array of dance genres fused together in new ways. Many of the tracks shy away from typical song structure, opting not to include a bridge or final chorus. The sound of this record shifts away from the Romanian dance sound she crafted in her seventh studio album, Heartbreaker, instead opting for a more experimental club sound that is new to the singer. DQH1 features experimental, UK Garage, bouncy rnb, and dreamy dance sounds. In an interview with PopDust Magazine, the singer states, "my favorite song is “We Should Get Lost.”" DQH2 is filled with dance pop, eurodance, and Latin club tracks that are written in both English and Spanish. According to Celeb Mix, INNA "ventures into the electronic landscape and experiments more freely than ever before" on Latin club-inspired tracks "Que Dolor" and "Queen of the Club". Track listing Release history References 2023 albums Albums recorded in a home studio Inna albums	765
1302730	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20L.%20Dugger	Richard L. Dugger	Richard L. Dugger was Secretary of the Florida Department of Corrections from 1987 to 1991, when Harry K. Singletary, Jr. took over. Dugger was warden of Florida State Prison from 1982 to 1987, when he was appointed Secretary of the Department of Corrections by then Florida Governor Bob Martinez. During his tenure, the Department started a large campaign to combat prison overcrowding. In 1999, Dugger was appointed Deputy Director of Institutions for the Florida Department of Corrections, replacing Stan Czerniak. A year later, he was appointed Director of Institutions for the Florida Department of Corrections. Dugger was born in Jacksonville, Florida on January 25, 1943 and resided in Raiford, Florida until graduation from Bradford County High School in 1961. In his words, he became a "college drop-out" in 1964 and began his career with the Florida Department of Corrections as a Correctional Officer at Florida State Prison, East Unit. In 1966, he enlisted in the U.S. Army, 20th Special Forces to begin a military career lasting 20 years. Richard retired after a 30 year career in 1995. He returned to work for the Department of Corrections serving in various positions from 1999-2005 and again from 2006-2007. Richard was equally proud of his military career. He had many stories about parachuting into various countries around the world. He was most proud of completing the Army Combat Diver Program in his 40s. He retired from the Army at the rank of Sergeant Major. He died at the age of 72 in Tallahassee, Florida on August 20, 2015. References State cabinet secretaries of Florida Living people Florida State University alumni 1943 births	357
5054457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20perch	European perch	The European perch (Perca fluviatilis), also known as the common perch, redfin perch, big-scaled redfin, English perch, Euro perch, Eurasian perch, Eurasian river perch, Hatch, poor man's rockfish or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the perch, is a predatory freshwater fish native to Europe and North Asia. It is the type species of the genus Perca. The perch is a popular game fish for recreational anglers, and has been widely introduced beyond its native Eurasian habitats into Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Known locally simply as "redfins", they have caused substantial damage to native fish populations in Australia and have been proclaimed a noxious species in New South Wales. Taxonomy The first scientific description of the river perch was made by Peter Artedi in 1730. He defined the basic morphological signs of this species after studying perch from Swedish lakes. Artedi described its features, counting the fin rays scales and vertebrae of the typical perch. In 1758, Carl Linnaeus named it Perca fluviatilis. His description was based on Artedi's research. Because of their similar appearance and ability to cross-breed, the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) has sometimes been classified as a subspecies of the European perch, in which case its trinomial name would be Perca fluviatilis flavescens. Description European perch are greenish with red pelvic, anal and caudal fins. They have five to eight dark vertical bars on their sides. When the perch grows larger, a hump grows between its head and dorsal fin. European perch can vary greatly in size between bodies of water. They can live for up to 22 years, and older perch are often much larger than average; the maximum recorded length is . The British record is , but they grow larger in mainland Europe than in Britain. As of May 2016, the official all tackle world record recognised by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA) stands at for a Finnish fish caught September 4, 2010. In January 2010 a perch with a weight of was caught in the river Meuse, Netherlands. Due to the low salinity levels of the Baltic Sea, especially around the Finnish archipelago and Bothnian Sea, many freshwater fish live and thrive there. Perch especially are in abundance and grow to a considerable size due to the diet of Baltic herring. Distribution and habitat The range of the European perch covers fresh water basins all over Europe, excluding the Iberian peninsula. Their range is known to reach the Kolyma River in Siberia to the east. It is also common in some of the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. The European perch lives in slow-flowing rivers, deep lakes and ponds. It tends to avoid cold or fast-flowing waters but some specimens penetrate waters of these type, although they do not breed in this habitat. They are most abundant in relatively shallow lakes and lakes with deep light penetration, and less abundant in deep lakes and those with low light penetration. Introduction outside of Europe European perch has been widely introduced, with reported adverse ecological impact after introduction. In Australia, the species is implicated in the decline of the now-endangered native fish, the Macquarie perch. Behaviour and reproduction The European perch is carnivorous, with juveniles feeding on zooplankton, bottom invertebrate fauna and other perch fry, while adults feed on both invertebrates and fish, mainly sticklebacks, perch, roach and minnows. Perch start eating other fish when they become fingerlings at a size of around . Male perch become sexually mature at between one and two years of age, females between two and four. In the Northern Hemisphere they spawn between February and July. Males reach spawning areas ahead of females, and court mates by chasing through underwater vegetation. During reproduction, the female lays a white ribbon of eggs up to one meter long, which is deposited on water plants or on the branches of trees or shrubs immersed in the water. There has been speculation, but only anecdotal evidence, that eggs stick to the legs of wading birds and are then transferred to other waters. The eggs hatch after a period of 8 to 16 days. The larvae are long on hatching, and live in open water where they feed on plankton. Juveniles migrate to areas nearer the shore and bottom during their first summer. Diseases and parasites Cucullanus elegans is a species of parasitic nematode. It is an endoparasite of the European perch. Juvenile perch are commonly infected by Camallanus lacustris (Nematoda), Proteocephalus percae, Bothriocephalus claviceps, Glanitaenia osculata, Triaenophorus nodulosus (all Cestoda) and Acanthocephalus lucii (Acanthocephala). Predators The European perch is a frequent prey of many fish-eating predators such as the Western osprey (Pandion haliaetus), great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), and it is an important item in the diet of the globally threatened Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus). Other non-avian predators include the northern pike (Esox lucius) and the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). Relationship with humans Fishing European perch is fished for food and as game. Its flesh is described as good eating, with a white, firm, flaky texture and well flavoured. According to FAO statistics, 28,920 tonnes were caught in 2013. Largest perch fishing countries were Russia, (15,242 tonnes), Finland (7,666 tonnes), Estonia (2,144 t), Poland (1,121 t) and Kazakhstan (1,103 t). Baits for perch include baitfishes (e.g. minnows, goldfish), weather loaches, pieces of raw squid or pieces of raw fish (mackerel, bluey, jack mackerel, sardine), or brandling, red, marsh, and lob worms, maggots, shrimp (Caridina, Neocaridina, Palaemon, Macrobrachium) and peeled crayfish tails. The tackles needed are fine but strong. Artificial lures are also effective, particularly for medium-sized perch. It is possible to fly fish for perch using artificial flies tied for the purpose. Often, the flies required are "streamers" or bait-fish imitations and use flash, colour and movement to entice a take from the perch. Perch in culture The European perch is Finland's national fish. It is also pictured in emblems of several European towns and municipalities, such as Bad Buchau, Gröningen and Schönberg, Plön. The raw fish item in the game Factorio is a plush toy of the European perch. See also Nanbanzuke References External links Redfin Perch – Perca fluviatilis Perch Fish of the Baltic Sea Freshwater fish of Europe Fish of Asia Fish of Russia National symbols of Finland Fish described in 1758 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus	1,646
57376526	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Papadakos	Dorothy Papadakos	Dorothy Jean Papadakos (born 1960) is an American concert organist, composer, lyricist, playwright, and author. She is the former organist at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City (1990–2003), the first female organist to hold that post. She was also organist for the Paul Winter Consort at the Cathedral's Easter and Christmas services and performed with the ensemble on their Grammy Award-winning album Silver Solstice, released in 2005. In 2005, Papadakos co-produced Pompeii the Musical, for which she wrote the book, music and lyrics. Its production was well-received, breaking box office records when it premiered in Wilmington, North Carolina. In 2017, her first novel, The Kingdom of Winter, was published. Using fantasy characters to address climate change concerns, the book is now used in a science and literature curriculum for middle-school students. Early years Papadakos was born in 1960, the daughter of actress Dorothy M. Johnson and Greek-American aeronautical designer Peter J. Papadakos. As a child, she began studying piano while living with her family in Reno, Nevada, and soon became interested in jazz and improvisation. She attended Reno High School. After graduating from Barnard College in 1982, Papadakos earned a master's degree in Organ Performance at the Juilliard School in 1988. In 1984, she began studying improvisation with Paul Halley and, in 1987, became Halley's assistant organist at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Career Cathedral organist (1990–2003) In 1990, Paul Halley resigned as organist of New York City's Cathedral of St. John the Divine to pursue his solo career. Papadakos, who had been Halley's assistant, succeeded him as Cathedral Organist, becoming the first woman to be appointed organist at the largest Gothic-style cathedral in the world. As organist at the Episcopalian edifice, Papadakos eschewed a staid, conservative style of music-making in favor of a creative, improvisational approach. Her playing, said The New York Times, imparts "jazz, African rhythms and real heart to centuries-old hymns". She also had to cope with the acoustic challenges of playing in such an immense space, with an eight-second reverberation time, as she demonstrated to a Smithsonian magazine reporter in 1997. When she returned to Reno, Nevada, for a performance in 1995, a Reno Gazette-Journal critic called her a "sensational organist" and "among the toasts of Manhattan". Papadakos also accompanied the Paul Winter Consort at the Cathedral's Easter and Christmas services. She later performed with the ensemble on three of their recordings, including the Grammy Award-winning album Silver Solstice, released in 2005. In the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack in Manhattan, Papadakos performed in "An Evening of Peace" gathering at nearby Riverside Church, joining other activists including Vietnamese Buddhist monk Thích Nhất Hạnh, Judy Collins, and Paul Winter. The concert's theme was criticized afterwards by Kay S. Hymowitz and Harry Stein, writing in The Wall Street Journal. The columnists decried what they called "multiculturalism, the enemy within," saying it was at variance with the majority of American opinion favoring a sustained military response. On the morning of December 18, 2001, a five-alarm fire began in the Cathedral's gift shop, located in the north transept. Although the Great Organ's oak casework and its thousands of pipes were not consumed by the conflagration, the organ console and pipes were blanketed in ash and soot, rendering the instrument unplayable. Undaunted, Papadakos carried on as organist for the throngs attending the church's popular Christmas services, playing a digital 3-manual organ, provided by the Allen Organ Company, so Cathedral Christmas services could proceed. She continued as Cathedral organist until 2003. Playwright After visiting the ruins of Pompeii in Italy, Papadakos began writing a stage play about life in the ancient Roman city that ended in 79 AD with the cataclysmic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius. The resulting Pompeii: The Musical premiered in November 2005, in Wilmington, North Carolina. After opening night at the Thalian Center for the Performing Arts, successor to historic Thalian Hall, the performances were sold out for its two-week run, breaking 150-year-old box office records as more than six thousand attended, forcing the theatre to open its rarely used third tier for overflow seating. Pompeii, later re-titled BACCHUS, also won Encore Magazine's "Best Theatre Production of 2006" Award. Silent film accompanist Papadakos makes frequent appearances providing improvised organ music to accompany silent film screenings, a genre she began to play at the Cathedral when asked to fill in as a last-minute substitute for theater organist Lee Erwin. In the early 2000s, Papadakos started her annual Halloween Horror Tour, which brings silent film's classics, such as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Phantom of the Opera to life on the world's pipe organs. Her silent film appearances have included such classics as a rendition of the Hunchback of Notre Dame at a New Year's Eve 2011 celebration at Grace Cathedral, San Francisco, and Nosferatu at Kansas City's Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts organ in 2014. Explaining her fondness for silent movie accompaniment, Papadakos told an interviewer: Author Papadakos published a novel about climate change and its effect on Earth's seasons, entitled The Kingdom of Winter, in 2017. Using fictional characters, such as the wicked "Fire Witch", to portray global warming, the book seeks to present these issues in an understandable fantasy appealing to a broad audience. Well received by the climate science community and STEM teachers, it was turned into a Science and Literature curriculum for middle school students, The Kingdom of Winter, A Curriculum Guide by science educator Joshua Hunter and was endorsed by the International Honor Society in Education. Personal life Papadakos is married to landscape designer Tracy McCullen. The New York Times reported that their wedding, held at the Cathedral on May 20, 2000, had Renaissance musicians and costumed ushers. In 2003, Papadakos left New York and the Cathedral for the couple's home near Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. Discography Papadakos has recorded several CDs of solo works for organ as well as various ensembles. Her recordings include: Solstice Live! (1993), with Paul Winter Consort at the Cathedral Gubaidulina: In Croce for Violoncello and Organ (1995) Great Organs of New York (1996; ) Dorothy Over the Rainbow (1996), organ improvisations I Do! Me, Too! (1997), interfaith wedding music Shades of Green (1999), organ improvisations with guest artists Christmas Traveler (1999), international holiday music with guest artists Journey with the Sun (2000), with Paul Winter Consort Café St. John – Organ Improvisations (2001) Silver Solstice (2005), with Paul Winter Consort References External links Dorothy Papadakos at Sacred Classics 1960 births Living people American organists Women organists Juilliard School alumni American women dramatists and playwrights People from Coral Gables, Florida 21st-century organists 21st-century American women musicians 21st-century American keyboardists Paul Winter Consort members	1,654
3687071	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si6	Si6	Si6 is the codename of the Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Seguridad Informática (Information Security Research and Development Laboratory) of the Argentine CITEFA (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de las Fuerzas Armadas, Armed Forces Scientific and Technical Research Institute). SI6 belongs to the Information Security Division of CITEFA's Information Technology Department. History The Si6 was created in January 2004 to analyze and provide the Argentine Ministry of Defense with scientific and technical assistance on subjects related to computer security. Si6 creation was somehow hard to accomplish, mainly because it's very difficult to admit new workers into Argentina's Government. Finally it was possible thanks to the support and effort a lot people made. Goal Its mission is to create and direct information security R&D activities for both general purpose and national defense areas. Philosophy Si6 believes that the sum of community efforts through applied research of innovative technologies is one of the most efficient ways to achieve technology knowledge. At the same time, Si6 think that improved education, specially on those areas, is a basic pillar of the society welfare. All Si6 public projects are published under the GPL license. As part of this common knowledge exchange policy, CITEFA makes different agreements with public and private institutions in order to establish a national research and development network. Work SI6 is currently working on intruder detection, intruder classification, intruder identification, honeypots, pattern analysis, biometric authentication, virtual private networks, firewalls, digital signature, penetration tests, etc. Location Si6 is located at CITEFA headquarters, Buenos Aires. External links Si6 official website 2004 establishments in Argentina Military of Argentina Research institutes in Argentina Computer science institutes Military research installations Organizations established in 2004	402
1690576	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Danish%20general%20election	1979 Danish general election	General elections were held in Denmark on 23 October 1979. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 68 of the 179 seats. Voter turnout was 86% in Denmark proper, 65% in the Faroe Islands and 50% in Greenland. Results References Elections in Denmark Denmark 1979 elections in Denmark October 1979 events in Europe	79
52355953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis%20in%20Finland	Cannabis in Finland	Cannabis in Finland is illegal. The 50th chapter of the Criminal Code criminalises all dealings with illegal narcotics, including the production, import, transport, sale, possession and use of cannabis. History 1966 – 1972: The beginning of prohibition The prohibition of cannabis in Finland dates back to 1966. The criminalisation of personal use has been controversial. After a tie vote, the Grand Committee's stance on the issue was decided by a random ballot. In parliament, the personal use of cannabis was voted to be made illegal in 1971 by a vote of 92 for, 80 against. This outcome was at odds with the government's stance. The personal use of cannabis was made illegal in 1972. 2019: Push towards law reform In late 2019, a citizens' initiative seeking to decriminalize the personal use of cannabis in Finland received the needed 50,000 signatures, and will therefore be processed by the parliament in the 2019–2023 session. The collection of signatures ended on 1 November 2019, with a total of 59,609 votes. In 2021, at the initiative of Coel Thomas, the vice-chair of the Helsinki Greens, and 100 other party members, the Green League became the first parliamentary political party in Finland to include the legalisation and regulation of cannabis in its party program. Personal use The criminal procedure regarding personal use of illegal narcotics was reformed in 2001. The goal of the change was to relieve burden of personal use cases from the courts, expedite enforcement and standardise enforcement policies – specifically by stopping cases from not being prosecuted due to lack of resources. In the reformed procedure the police issue summary fines for most personal use offences, and cases are not brought to court unless the defendant so desires. Aggravated drug offences and possession with intent to redistribute (possession for sale) are always brought to court and penalties are harsher. In practice, possession of up to 10 grams of hashish or 15 grams of marijuana is deemed personal use and carries a penalty of 10–20 day-fines. A review of case law by a Finnish law firm reports mostly on cases of cannabis cultivation. Enforcement of the prohibition by police is subject to the Coercive Measures Act (law 806/2011). The Turku Court of Appeal in 2015 ruled that a night-time search of a home by police violated the principle of proportionality (nr. 1411073). Medical cannabis An extremely limited group of medicinal users (223 in 2014) are permitted to purchase Sativex mouth spray and/or Bedrocan, Bediol or Bedica brand herbal cannabis from one of 27 apothecaries that have the permit to sell medical cannabis. See also Finnish Cannabis Association References Further reading	572
36954642	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylie%20Grimes	Kylie Grimes	Kylie Grimes (born 7 December 1987 in Aldershot, Hampshire) is a British para-athlete. She is one of two women, along with Bieke Ketelbuters, who competed on wheelchair rugby teams at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She was part of the GB team to win their first ever gold in the event, at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, beating the USA 54–49. In doing so she became the first woman of any country to win a Paralympic gold medal in the sport. Early life Grimes became disabled after a diving accident at a friend's swimming pool. She attempted to sue over the matter but was unsuccessful. She trains 12 hours a week. She considers herself positive and was surprised to be named to the British team. Career Grimes began playing wheelchair rugby in 2008. She is a gold medallist wheelchair rugby winner, the only female on the paralympics GB team, at Paralympics Tokyo 2020/2021. Grimes was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to wheelchair rugby. Wheelchair rugby competition history Grimes competed for Great Britain at the following championship events: 2015 World Para Athletics Championships Doha F51 Club (4th) and F52 100m (4th) 2016 European Para Athletics Championships Grosseto Italy F51 Club (4th) 2016 Rio Paralympics F51 Club (4th) 2017 World Para Athletics London F51 Club (5th) 2018 European Para Athletics Championship Berlin (3rd) References 1987 births Living people Paralympic wheelchair rugby players for Great Britain Wheelchair rugby players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics Sportspeople from Portsmouth Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics Paralympic gold medalists for Great Britain Wheelchair rugby players at the 2020 Summer Paralympics Paralympic medalists in wheelchair rugby Members of the Order of the British Empire Competitors at the 2022 World Games World Games gold medalists	456
74326534	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamar%20Dongus	Tamar Dongus	Tamar Dongus (born 11 May 1994) is a German footballer who plays as a defender for Grasshopper Club Zürich. She is the twin sister of Fabienne Dongus. References 1994 births Living people People from Böblingen Swiss Women's Super League players Grasshopper Club Zürich (women) players German women's footballers Women's association football defenders Frauen-Bundesliga players TSG 1899 Hoffenheim (women) players US Sassuolo Calcio (women) players Serie A (women's football) players German expatriate sportspeople in Italy Expatriate women's footballers in Italy German expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland Expatriate women's footballers in Switzerland Germany women's youth international footballers German twins	184
66588892	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Akosa	George Akosa	George Akosa is a Ghanaian politician, a member of the first Parliament of the fourth Republic representing the Mampong constituency in the Ashanti region. Early life and education George was born at Mampong in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Politics George was elected into parliament on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) during the December 1992 Ghanaian parliamentary election for the Mampong Constituency in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. As the only contesting parliamentary candidate for the constituency, he polled 6,166 votes which represented 100% valid votes cast. He lost to Elizabeth Nicol in the 1996 NDC Parliamentary Primaries. Personal life George Akosa is a Christian. References Living people National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians Ghanaian MPs 1993–1997 Politicians from Ashanti Region Ghanaian Christians 21st-century Ghanaian politicians Year of birth missing (living people)	202
18226601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed%20Wajid%20Ali	Syed Wajid Ali	Syed Wajid Ali () (20 December 1911 – 14 June 2008) was a leading industrialist of Pakistan who is also known for his services to the Olympic Movement. He became the President of Pakistan Olympic Association in 1978 and stayed on the post for 26 years until he retired in 2004 to become the longest serving president in the history of the association. He is also known for promoting arts and culture as well as Red Crescent (Red Cross) in Pakistan. Career Wajid Ali, was born on 20 December 1911 in Lahore, Punjab, British India. He was the second son of Sir Syed Maratib Ali, the younger brother of Amjad Ali. In the early 1940s, he quit the army to look after the growing family business. In 1945, he established a textile plant in Rahim Yar Khan, which was only wound up in 1997. He also became actively involved in the Pakistan Movement and closely worked for the cause alongside Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Fatima Jinnah. During the movement, he was nominated by the Muslim League on a three-member Committee to oversee the British government arranged referendum in the North West Frontier Province. An Industrialist In Pakistan, he set up and managed a number of industrial ventures. Among the major projects was a Ford car manufacturing plant, which was subsequently taken over by the Government in 1973 as part of the nationalisation process of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. In his other industrial activities, he remained the chairman of some of the largest enterprises in Pakistan, including Packages Limited, Treet Corporation, Zulfeqar Industries, Loads Limited, and Wazir Ali Industries. Introduction of television in Pakistan Ali was the first person, who in 1961, signed a joint venture agreement with Nippon Electric Company of Japan to initiate a television project in Pakistan. Later, this proved to be a visionary first step in introducing television in Pakistan before it was introduced in India, Indonesia, Malaysia and some other Asian countries. Ubaidur Rahman, an electrical engineer who later became General Manager of Pakistan Television Corporation, Lahore Center, was appointed by him to lead this television project with the Japanese. The project team conducted a series of pilot transmission tests. Then the control of this project was given to President Ayub Khan's government in 1962. A small studio within a tent in the Radio Pakistan compound in Lahore was set up to begin the television project work. Here a transmission tower was also constructed. Finally the first TV black and white transmission from Lahore took place on 26 Nov 1964 and television was introduced in Pakistan. Death Ali died after a protracted illness on 14 June 2008. He was buried at Miani Sahib Graveyard in Lahore, Pakistan. See also Pakistan Olympic Association References 1911 births 2008 deaths Pakistani sports executives and administrators Pakistani industrialists Businesspeople from Lahore Government College University, Lahore alumni Pakistani social workers Pakistani philanthropists Pakistan Television Corporation executives Pakistan Movement activists from Punjab Burials at Miani Sahib Graveyard Syed Wajid 20th-century philanthropists	652
8815182	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screamer%204x4	Screamer 4x4	Screamer 4x4 is a 4x4 off-road game, developed by Hungarian-based Clever's Games and published by Virgin Interactive. It is the fourth and last game in the Screamer series. It is the first game in the series not developed by Milestone. It makes use of graphics hardware acceleration, allowing to choose between Glide, Direct3D and OpenGL renderers. In North America, the game was part of a $20 budget range from Titus Interactive which was branded using the Virgin Interactive name alongside Original War, Codename: Outbreak and Nightstone. Reception Screamer 4x4 garnered generally positive reviews, and holds averages of 74% and 77/100 on aggregate websites GameRankings and Metacritic. See also Sim racing Off-roading trials References External links 2000 video games Off-road racing video games Racing simulators Titus Software games Video games developed in Hungary Virgin Interactive games Windows games Windows-only games Multiplayer and single-player video games Clever's Games games	234
1904505	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partwork	Partwork	A partwork is a written publication released as a series of planned magazine-like issues over a period of time. Issues are typically released on a weekly, fortnightly or monthly basis, and often a completed set is designed to form a reference work on a particular topic. Publication Partwork series run for a determined length and have a finite life. Generally, partworks cover specific areas of interest, such as sports, hobbies, or children's interest and stories such as PC Ace and the successful The Ancestral Trail series by Marshall Cavendish Ltd. They are generally sold at newsagents and are mostly supported by massive television advertising campaigns for the launch. In the United Kingdom, partworks are usually launched by heavy television advertising each January. Partworks often include cover-mounted items with each issue that build into a complete set over time. For example, a partwork about art might include a small number of paints or pencils that build into a complete art-set; a partwork about dinosaurs might include a few replica bones that build a complete model skeleton at the end of the series; a partwork about films may include a DVD with each issue. In Europe, partworks with collectable models are extremely popular; there are a number of different publications that come with character figurines or diecast model vehicles, for example: The James Bond Car Collection. In addition, completed partworks have sometimes been used to create case-bound reference works and encyclopedias. An example is the multi-volume Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia which was created with material first published in the How It Works partwork. According to the Periodical Publishers Association in 2003, partworks were the fourth-best selling magazine sector in the UK, after TV listing guides, women's weeklies and women's monthlies. A common inducement is a heavy discount for the first one or two issues. The same series can be sold worldwide in different languages and even in different variations. History Prior to the invention of printing, the Pecia System was used in European university cities. Books were divided into sections known as Pecia. Students or other individuals could rent the individual pieces and copy them by hand. In this way, several individuals could work on copying one book at the same time. With the advent of printing, serialized publication came into use by printers and publishers. Between 1728 and 1732, Nicolas Tindal's English translation of Paul de Rapin's L'Histoire d'Angleterre (The History of England) was issued by a London printer in monthly parts. A rival printer then tried to compete by selling another translation of de Rapin's work in weekly, six-penny installments. An edition of Foxe's Book of Martyrs was issued in three-penny installments in 1732. At the time, printing a book was a lengthy process, copies of each section of the book being printed in turn until the work was complete; the sections would then be collated and the print-run of books could then be sold. The alternative of selling individual sections as soon as they were printed would enable the printer could gain a steady income while the book was being produced, and potentially increase sales by selling to people who could not afford the upfront cost of a copy of the complete book. In the 19th century, many of Charles Dickens' novels were first published as partworks. For example, The Pickwick Papers was first published in 19 parts, between 1836 and 1837. The Old Curiosity Shop was first published in 88 weekly parts between April 1840 and November 1841. In the mid-20th century, partwork serialized encyclopedias were issued. Publishers soon branched out to other topics, including cookery books and series on gardening and car maintenance. Criticisms Partworks, particularly those that contain parts for the production of a model or similar collectable items that are individually of little value, often draw criticism for the extremely high prices of their finished product. One example, released in the UK in 2009, required the purchase of 125 issues to collect the parts for a static, model aircraft; the total would be £620.25, many times higher than the cost of buying a standard model kit of the same aircraft outright. Examples of other models that cost over £400 to produce are cited, and some subscribers complain they have parts missing that they are unable to replace. Conversely, the total cost of a partwork (often cited as in excess of £600) is used as a marketing tool by publishers and distributors seeking to encourage retailers to stock their items. Notable partwork publishers Amalgamated Press (no longer trading) De Agostini, who have approximately 50% of the worldwide market Del Prado (no longer trading) Eaglemoss Publications G E Fabbri Hachette International Masters Publishers IPC Magazines (no longer trading) Marshall Cavendish Midsummer Books (including Bright Star Publications) MODIMIO Orbis Publishing Purnell and Sons (no longer trading) RBA Coleccionables See also Periodical literature Serial (literature) Part-publication Part References External links Partworks - list of partworks publishers and their major partworks series Cryptogem Partworks - archived website of British partworks dealer with titles of partworks issues Partworkscollectables - site listing printed partworks and associated realia (e.g. model cars) Publications by format Partworks	1,166
18725056	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Balch%20Nevin	George Balch Nevin	George Balch Nevin (March 15, 1859 – April 17, 1933) was an American composer and businessman. A member of the Nevin musical family, his cousins were the composers Ethelbert and Arthur Nevin; his son, Gordon Balch Nevin, also became a composer. His brother, David W. Nevin, was mayor of Easton, Pennsylvania from 1912 to 1920. Nevin was born in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, and spent most of his life in the town of Easton. His output consisted mainly of cantatas, and included such works as The Crown of Life and The Incarnation; he was also known for his setting of Sidney Lanier's poem "A Ballad of Trees and the Master", and wrote a number of hymns as well. Helen Tretbar translated at least one of his songs ("Ho! Fill Me a Flagon!") into German. For nearly thirty years, he ran a wholesale paper business in addition to composing. Nevin was also a historian and lecturer, and would sometimes give lectures on subjects related to music history to local historical societies. Some of these have survived in manuscript form. Nevin died in 1933. Notes and references External links Free George Balch Nevin sheet music from the Ball State University Digital Media Repository 1859 births 1933 deaths American male composers American composers American merchants Musicians from Easton, Pennsylvania Businesspeople from Pennsylvania People from Shippensburg, Pennsylvania 19th-century American merchants	332
4353762	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aber%20bitte%20mit%20Sahne	Aber bitte mit Sahne	Aber bitte mit Sahne is an EP by the German thrash metal band Sodom. The title track is a cover of the 1975 song of the same name by Austrian singer Udo Jürgens. Its title translates into English as "But with whipped cream, please". Track listing Personnel Tom Angelripper – vocals, bass Andy Brings – guitars Atomic Steif – drums References 1993 EPs Sodom (band) EPs	108
25199288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo%20d%27Otranto	Capo d'Otranto	Cape Palascìa, commonly known as Capo d'Otranto, is Italy's most easterly point. It is situated in the territory of the Apulian city of Otranto, in the Province of Lecce at 40° 7' northing and 18° 31' easting. Lighthouse The lighthouse was built in 1867 and abandoned in the 1970s, but it was reopened to tourists in 2008 and currently hosts the Centre on Environment and Health of the Mediterranean ecosystems and a multimedia museum of the sea. It is one of five Mediterranean lighthouses protected by the European Commission. It is often visited by tourists, particularly during the New Year, since it stands at the point where the dawn of the new year may first be seen in Italy. According to nautical conventions, Capo d'Otranto marks the point that the Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea meet. See also Punta Palascia Lighthouse References Capo d'Otranto Province of Lecce Otranto	229
5079912	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboasaurus	Lisboasaurus	Lisboasaurus is a small (400 mm length) genus of Mesozoic crocodylomorph that lived in fresh water. It is known from fossilized tooth and jaw fragments of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous age. Two species have been described. In the past Lisboasaurus has been interpreted as an avialan, troodontid, or an anguimorph lizard. Both species are currently assigned to Crocodylomorpha, one is reassigned to the genus Lusitanisuchus. Discovery and naming In the 1960s paleontologists From the Free University Berlin located new vertebrate fossil sites that included the lignite mines of Guimarota, near the town of Leiria, Portugal. These lignites are dated by Milner and Evans, 1991, between Bathonian (middle Jurassic) to Oxfordian (early Late Jurassic) age. Schwarz and Fechner, 2004, date them as Late Jurassic. Seiffert, (1970, 1973), described Lisboasaurus as a genus of anguimorph lepidosaur comprising two species, L. estesi and L. mitracostatus. He subdivided the latter species into two subspecies in the first paper, but not in the second paper. In 1983 Estes listed the material as Lacertilia incertae sedis. Milner and Evans, 1991, redescribed L. estesi as a maniraptoran and, more specifically, as an early avialan or troodontid They also cast doubt on the identification of the more poorly preserved L. mistracostatus, considering it a nomen dubium. Buscalioni and Evans et al. revised this assignment by demonstrating that the material referred to L. estesi was closely allied with an Early Cretaceous crocodylomorph (LH 7991) from Las Hoyas, Spain. Buscalioni and Evans supported the nomen dubium status of L. mistracostatus. However, Schwarz and Fechner, 2004, demonstrated that the material referred to L. mistracostatus is identical to teeth and fragments found in Porto Dinheiro, and new cranial and mandibular material collected from Guimarota between 1973 and 1982. They referred all L. mistracostatus specimens to a new genus they erected, Lusitanisuchus, creating the new name Lusitanisuchus mistracostatus. Schwarz and Fechner (2008) described a new dentary from the Uña coal mine of Cuenca province, Spain. Its teeth demonstrate that it belongs to Lisboasaurus. This dentary was the first Lisboasaurus fossil from the Barremian age of the Early Cretaceous. The new data extracted from the dentary make it more certain that Lisboasaurus was a neosuchian crocodylomorph. References J. Seiffert. (1975.) Upper Jurassic lizards from central Portugal. Contribuição para o conhecimento da Fauna do Kimerridgiano da Mina de Lignito Guimarota (Leiria, Portugal). Serviços Geológicos de Portugal, Memória (Nova Série) 22:7-85 Buscalioni, A.D., Ortega, F., Pérez-Moreno, B.P., and Evans, S.E. (1996). "The Upper Jurassic maniraptoran theropod Lisboasaurus estesi (Guimarota, Portugal) reinterpreted as a crocodylomorph". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(2): 358–362. Estes, R. (1983). Sauria terrestria. Amphisbaenia. In Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie. Teil 10A. Edited by P. Wellnhofer. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1–249. Milner, A.R., and Evans, S.E. (1991). "The Upper Jurassic diapsid Lisboasaurus estesi — a maniraptoran theropod". Palaeontology 34: 503–513. Schwarz, D. and Fechner, R. (2004). "Lusitanisuchus, a new generic name for Lisboasaurus mitracostatus (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia), with a description of new remains from the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) and Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian) of Portugal". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41: 1259–1271. Seiffert, J. (1970). "Oberjurassische Lacertilier aus der Kohlengrube Guimarota bei Leiria (Mittel Portugal)". Unpublished Inaugural-Dissertation, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany. Seiffert, J. (1973). "Upper Jurassic Lizards from Central Portugal". Memória dos Servicos Géologicos de Portugal (N.S.) 22: 7–88. Schwarz, D., Fechner, R. (2008). "The first dentary of Lisboasaurus (Crocodylomorpha, ?Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Uña, Cuenca Province, Spain". Journal of vertebrate Paleontology 28(1): 264-268. Late Jurassic genus first appearances Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs of Europe Early Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of Europe Early Cretaceous genus extinctions Early Cretaceous reptiles of Europe Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera	1,240
43853151	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highways%20by%20Night	Highways by Night	Highways by Night is a 1942 American crime drama film directed by Peter Godfrey from a screenplay by Lynn Root and Frank Fenton, based on the story Silver Spoon, by Clarence Budington Kelland. The film stars Richard Carlson and Jane Randolph. Plot Cast Richard Carlson as Tommy Van Steel Jane Randolph as Peggy Fogarty Jane Darwell as Grandma Fogarty Barton MacLane as Leo Bronson Ray Collins as Ben Van Steel Gordon Jones as 'Footsy' Fogarty Renee Godfrey as Ellen Cromwell Iris Adrian as Blonde Chorine Jack La Rue as Johnny Lieber - Gangster John McGuire as James 'Duke' Wellington George Cleveland as Judkins - Hotel Manager Marten Lamont as Reggie James Seay as Westbrook - Man with Trucks Cliff Clark as Police Captain James Paul Fix as Gabby References External links 1942 films 1940s crime comedy-drama films American crime comedy-drama films American black-and-white films Films scored by Roy Webb Films based on short fiction Films directed by Peter Godfrey RKO Pictures films Trucker films 1942 crime films 1942 comedy films 1942 drama films 1940s English-language films 1940s American films	287
26540706	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head%20of%20an%20Old%20Greek%20Woman	Head of an Old Greek Woman	Head of an Old Greek Woman is a painting completed in 1824 by the French Romantic artist Eugène Delacroix. It is a study for his large oil painting The Massacre at Chios ("Scène des massacres de Scio"); a depiction of the Chios massacre which occurred in 1821 during the Greek War of Independence. The final work was completed for that year's Paris Salon. The final work was heavily influenced by both Spanish influenced and the French artist Théodore Géricault, and shows the woman in full-length seated to the right next to a gruesomely depicted female corspe. The painting is bust-length. It was painted from life with oil on canvas or graphite. The image is tightly cropped, emphasising her fearful and near weeping gaze. Her black dress, long dark hair, face and neck are rendered using chiaroscuro, although the final image is far more colourful. Head of a Woman is owned by the Fine Arts museum of Orléans, France, and is on long term loan to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. References Sources Allard, Sébastian. Delacroix. Yale University Press, 2018. Tinterow, Garry. Manet/Velazquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003. 1823 paintings Paintings by Eugène Delacroix	302
50803547	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chryseobacterium%20caeni	Chryseobacterium caeni	Chryseobacterium caeni is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from bioreactor sludge in Daejeon in Korea. References Further reading External links Type strain of Chryseobacterium caeni at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase caeni Bacteria described in 2007	96
499537	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapunzel	Rapunzel	"Rapunzel" ( , ; ) is a European fairy tale most notably recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812 as part of Children's and Household Tales (KHM 12). The Brothers Grimm's story was developed from the French literary fairy tale of Persinette by Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force (1698), which itself is an alternative version of the Italian fairy tale Petrosinella by Giambattista Basile. The tale is classified as Aarne–Thompson type 310 ("The Maiden in The Tower"). Its plot has been used and parodied in various media. Its best known line is, "Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair". Plot A lonely couple, who long for a child, live next to a large, extensive, high-walled subsistence garden, belonging to a sorceress. The wife, experiencing pregnancy cravings, longs for the rapunzel that she sees growing in the garden (rapunzel is either the root vegetable Campanula rapunculus, or the salad green Valerianella locusta). She refuses to eat anything else and begins to waste away. Her husband fears for her life and one night he breaks into the garden to get some for her. When he returns, she makes a salad out of it and eats it, but she longs for more so her husband returns to the garden to retrieve some more. As he scales the wall to return home, the sorceress catches him and accuses him of theft. He begs for mercy and she agrees to be lenient, allowing him to take all the rapunzel he wants on condition that the baby be given to her when it's born. Desperate, he agrees. When the wife has a baby girl, the sorceress takes her to raise as her own and names her "Rapunzel" after the plant her mother craved (in one version, her parents move away before she's born in an attempt to avoid surrendering her, only for the sorceress to turn up at their door upon her birth, unhampered by their attempt at relocation). She grows up to be a beautiful child with long golden hair. When she turns twelve, the sorceress locks her up in a tower in the middle of the woods, with neither stairs nor a door, and only one room and one window. In order to visit her, the sorceress stands at the bottom of the tower and calls out: Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Let down your hair That I may climb thy golden stair! Jacob Grimm ostensibly believed that the strong alliteration of the rhyme indicated that it was a survival of the ancient form of Germanic poetry known as Stabreim, but in actuality, it was his liberal adaption of Schulz's direct German translation of Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force's older French version Persinette, Persinette, descendez vos cheveux que je monte. One day, a prince rides through the forest and hears Rapunzel singing from the tower. Entranced by her ethereal voice, he searches for her and discovers the tower, but is unable to enter it. He returns often, listening to her beautiful singing, and one day sees the sorceress visit her as usual and learns how to gain access. When the sorceress leaves, he bids Rapunzel to let her hair down. When she does so, he climbs up and they fall in love. He eventually asks her to marry him, and she agrees. Together they plan a means of escape, wherein he will come each night (thus avoiding the sorceress who visits her by day) and bring Rapunzel a piece of silk that she will gradually weave into a ladder. Before the plan can come to fruition, however, she has sexual intercourse with him. In the first edition (1812) of Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales, most commonly known in English as Grimms' Fairy Tales), she innocently says that her dress is growing tight around her waist, hinting at pregnancy. In later editions, she asks "Dame Gothel", in a moment of forgetfulness, why it is easier for her to draw up the prince than her. In anger, the sorceress cuts off her hair and casts her out into the wilderness to fend for herself. When the prince calls that night, the sorceress lets the severed hair down to haul him up. To his horror, he finds himself meeting her instead of Rapunzel, who is nowhere to be found. After she tells him in a rage that he will never see Rapunzel again, he leaps or falls from the tower and lands in a thorn bush. Although it breaks his fall and saves his life, it scratches his eyes and blinds him. For years, he wanders through the wastelands of the country and eventually comes to the wilderness, where Rapunzel now lives with the twins whom she has given birth to, a boy and girl. One day, as she sings, he hears her voice again, and they are reunited. When they fall into each other's arms, her tears fall into his eyes and immediately restore his sight. He leads her and their twins to his kingdom where they live happily ever after. Another version of the story ends with the revelation that the sorceress had untied Rapunzel's hair after the prince leapt from the tower, and it slipped from her hands and landed far below, leaving her trapped in the tower. Origin and development Mythological and religious inspiration Some researchers have proposed that the earliest possible inspiration for the “Maiden in the Tower” archetype is to the pre-Christian European (or proto-Indo-European) sun or dawn goddess myths, in which the light deity is trapped and is rescued. Similar myths include that of the Baltic solar goddess, Saulė, who is held captive in a tower by a king. Inspiration may also be taken from the classical myth of the hero, Perseus; Perseus' mother, the Princess Danaë, was confined to a bronze tower by her own father, Acrisius, the King of Argos, in an attempt to prevent her from becoming pregnant, as it was foretold by the Oracle of Delphi that she would bear a son who would kill his grandfather. Inspiration may come from Ethniu, daughter of Balor, in Irish myth. Inspiration may come from the story of Saint Barbara of Nicomedia, who is said to have been a beautiful woman who was confined to a tower by her father to hide her away from suitors. While in the tower, she is said to have converted to Christianity and be ultimately martyred for her faith after a series of miracles delaying her execution. Her story was included in The Book of the City of Ladies, completed by 1405 by Christine de Pizan in vernacular French, which may have been highly influential on later writers, as it was popular throughout Europe. Literary development The earliest surviving reference to a female character with long hair that she offers to a male lover to climb like a ladder appears in the Persian epic poem Shahnameh, written by Ferdowsi between 977 and 1010 CE. The heroine of the story, Rudāba, offers her hair so that her love interest Zāl may enter the harem where she lives. Zāl states instead that she should lower a rope so that she will not hurt herself. The first written record of a story that may be recognized as Rapunzel is Giambattista Basile's Petrosinella, translating to parsley, which was published in Naples in the local dialect in 1634 in a collection entitled Lo cunto de li cunti (The Story of Stories). This version of the story differs from later versions as it is the wife not the husband who steals the plant, the maiden is taken by the villain as a child rather than a baby, and the maiden and the prince are not separated for years to be reunited in the end. Most importantly, this version of the story contains a “flight” scene in which Petrosinella uses magic acorns that turn into animals to distract the ogress while she pursues the couple fleeing the tower. This “flight” scene, with three magic objects used as distraction, is found in oral variants in the Mediterranean region, notably Sicily (Angiola), Malta (Little Parsley and Little Fennel), and Greece (Anthousa the Fair with Golden Hair). In 1697, Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force published a variation of the story, Persinette, while confined to an abbey due to perceived misconduct during service in the court of Louis XIV. Before her imprisonment, de la Force was a prominent figure in the Parisian salons and considered one of the early conteuses as a contemporary to Charles Perrault. This version of the story includes almost all elements that were found in later versions by the Grimm Brothers. It is the first version to include the maiden's out of wedlock pregnancy, the villain's trickery leading to the prince's blinding, the birth of twins, and the tears of the maiden restoring the prince's sight. The tale ends with the antagonist taking pity on the couple and transporting them to the prince's kingdom. While de la Force's claim that Persinette was an original story cannot be substantiated, her version was the most complex at the time and did introduce original elements. German adaptation The very first known German translation of Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force's tale Persinette came about in 1766 by Friedrich Immanuel Bierling under the name "Das Cabinet der Feen. Oder gesammelte Feen-Märchen in neun Theilen, Aus dem Französischen übersetzt", published in Nürenberg. More famously, Persinette was translated into German by Friedrich Schulz and appeared in 1790 in Kleine Romane (Little Novels), as it was Schulz who changed the plant and the maiden's name to Rapunzel. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm included the story in their first (1812) and seventh (1857) edition publications of Children's and Household Tales and removed elements that they believed were added to the “original” German fairy tale. Although the Grimms' recounting of the fairy tale is the most prevalent version of the “Maiden in the Tower” in the western literary canon, the story does not appear to have connections to a Germanic oral folktale tradition. Notably, the 1812 publication retains the out of wedlock pregnancy that reveals the prince's visits to the witch, whereas in the 1857 version edited by Wilhelm Grimm, it is Rapunzel's slip of the tongue to address criticism that the tale was not appropriate for children. It can be argued that the 1857 version of the story was the first written for a primarily child-aged audience. Distribution According to Greek folklorist Georgios A. Megas, fellow folklorist Michael Meracles concluded that the tale type originated in Southeastern Europe, by analysing 22 Greek variants, 2 Serbo-Croatian and 1 from Corsica. Scholar Jack Zipes stated that the tale type is "extremely popular throughout Europe". However, scholar Ton Deker remarked that the tale type is "mainly known" in Central and South Europe, and in the Middle East. In the same vein, Stith Thompson argued for a Mediterranean origin for the story, due to "its great popularity" in Italy and nearby countries. Scholar Ulrich Marzolph remarked that the tale type AT 310 was one of "the most frequently encountered tales in Arab oral tradition", albeit missing from The Arabian Nights compilation. Themes and characterization Many scholars have interpreted “Maiden in the Tower” stories, which Rapunzel is a part of, as a metaphor for the protection of young women from pre-marital relationships by overzealous guardians. Scholars have drawn comparisons of the confinement of Rapunzel in her tower to that of a convent, where women's lives were highly controlled and they lived in exclusion from outsiders. Scholars have also noted the strong theme of love conquering all in the story, as the lovers are united after years of searching in all versions after Persinette and are ultimately happily reunited as a family. The seemingly unfair bargain that the husband makes with the sorceress in the opening of Rapunzel is a common convention in fairy tales, which is replicated in Jack and the Beanstalk, when Jack trades a cow for beans, and in Beauty and the Beast, when Beauty comes to the Beast in return for a rose. Furthermore, folkloric beliefs often regarded it as dangerous to deny a pregnant woman any food she craved, making the bargain with the sorceress more understandable, since the husband would have perceived his actions as saving his wife at the cost of his child. Family members would often go to great lengths to secure such cravings, and such desires for lettuce and other vegetables may indicate a need for vitamins. The “Maiden in the Tower” archetype has drawn comparisons to a possible lost matriarchal myth connected to the sacred marriage between the prince and the maiden and the rivalry between the maiden, representing life and spring, and the crone, representing death and winter. Cultural legacy Literary media Andrew Lang included the story in his 1890 publication The Red Fairy Book. Other versions of the tale also appear in A Book of Witches (1965) by Ruth Manning-Sanders and in Paul O. Zelinsky's Caldecott Medal-winning picture book, Rapunzel (1997). Anne Sexton wrote a poem called "Rapunzel" in her collection Transformations (1971), a book in which she re-envisions sixteen of the Grimm's Fairy tales. Donna Jo Napoli's novel Zel (1996) retells the Rapunzel story from three perspectives: the maiden, her mother, and the prince. Cress is the third book in the Lunar Chronicles, a young adult science fiction series written by Marissa Meyer that is an adaptation of Rapunzel. Crescent, nicknamed "Cress", is a prisoner on a satellite who is rescued and falls in love with her hero "Captain Thorne" amidst the story about "Cinder" a cyborg version of Cinderella. The Lunar Chronicles is a tetralogy with a futuristic take on classic fairy tales that also includes characters such as "Cinder" (Cinderella), "Scarlet" (Red Riding Hood) and "Winter" (Snow White). Kate Forsyth has written two books about Rapunzel, one is a fictional retelling of the tale and of the life of Mademoiselle de la Force entitled, Bitter Greens, and her second book was nonfiction describing the development of the tale entitled, The Rebirth of Rapunzel: A Mythic Biography of the Maiden in the Tower. She described it as "a story that reverberates very strongly with any individual – male or female, child or adult – who has found themselves trapped by their circumstances, whether this is caused by the will of another or their own inability to change and grow". In Nikita Gill's 2018 poetry collection Fierce Fairytales: & Other Stories to Stir Your Soul she has several poems that reference Rapunzel or Rapunzel's story including Rapunzel's Note Left for Mother Gothel and Rapunzel, Rapunzel. In 2019, Simon Hood published a contemporary retelling of Rapunzel. Both the language and the illustrations modernised the story, while the plot itself remained close to traditional versions. In 2022, Mary McMyne published a standalone adult historical fantasy novel The Book of Gothel, which speculates that the witch's character was inspired by the life of a medieval midwife named Haelewise, daughter-of-Hedda, who lived in 12th century Germania. The novel is a revisionist backstory for Rapunzel that also connects to elements of Snow White, Red Riding Hood, and other tales. Film media The Story of Rapunzel (1951), a stop-motion animated short directed by Ray Harryhausen. A live action version was filmed for television as part of Shelley Duvall's series Faerie Tale Theatre, airing on Showtime. It aired on 5 February 1983. In it, the main character, Rapunzel, is taken from her parents by an evil witch, and is brought up in an isolated tower that can only be accessed by climbing her unnaturally long hair. Jeff Bridges played the prince and Rapunzel's father, Shelley Duvall played Rapunzel and her mother, Gena Rowlands played the witch, and Roddy McDowall narrated. A 1988 German film adaption, (meaning "Rapunzel or the Magic of Tears"), combines the story with the lesser-known Grimm fairy tale Maid Maleen. After escaping the tower, Rapunzel finds work as a kitchen maid in the prince's court, where she must contend with an evil princess who aims to marry him. A 1990 straight-to-video animated film adaption by Hanna-Barbera and Hallmark Cards, simply titled Rapunzel, featured Olivia Newton-John narrating the story. The major difference between it and the Grimm fairy tale is that, instead of making the prince blind, the evil witch transforms him into a bird, possibly a reference to The Blue Bird, a French variant of the story. Into the Woods is a musical combining elements from several classic fairy tales, in which Rapunzel is one of the main characters; it was also filmed for television in 1991 by American Playhouse. The story depicts Rapunzel as the adoptive daughter of the Witch that the Baker (Rapunzel's older brother, unbeknownst to him; also, the husband of the lonely childless couple) is getting some items from, who is later rescued by a prince. In the second half of the play, Rapunzel is killed by the Giant's Wife. The Witch then grieves for her and sings "Witch’s Lament." A film adaptation of Into the Woods by The Walt Disney Company was released late in 2014 where Rapunzel is portrayed by MacKenzie Mauzy. The difference from the play is that Rapunzel is not killed by the Giant's Wife (Frances de la Tour). Instead, she rides off into the woods with her Prince (Billy Magnussen) in order to distance herself from the Witch who raised her. In Barbie as Rapunzel (2002), Rapunzel was raised by the evil witch Gothel (voiced by Anjelica Huston) and she acted as a servant for her. She uses a magic paintbrush to get out of captivity, but Gothel locks her away in a tower. In Shrek the Third (2007), Rapunzel (voiced by Maya Rudolph) was friends with Princess Fiona. She is shown to be the true love of the evil Prince Charming and helps to fool Princess Fiona and her group when they try to escape from Prince Charming's wrath. Walt Disney Animation Studios' Tangled (2010), which is a loose retelling and a computer-animated musical feature film. Princess Rapunzel (voiced by Mandy Moore) is more assertive in character, and was born a princess. Her long blonde hair has magical healing and restoration powers. A woman named Mother Gothel (voiced by Donna Murphy) kidnaps Rapunzel for her magical hair which would help maintain her youth and beauty. Rather than a prince, Rapunzel encounters an elusive thief named Flynn Rider/Eugene Fitzherbert (voiced by Zachary Levi). Rapunzel also features in Disney's Tangled short sequel, Tangled Ever After. There is also a series based on the events after the movie and before the short named Tangled The Series/ Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure and a movie which leads to the series called Tangled: Before Ever After. Walt Disney Pictures hired Ashleigh Powell to write the script for a live-action Rapunzel movie. It is unknown if the film will be a remake of Tangled, a new adaptation, or a combination of both. Television media Live action television media Shirley Temple's Storybook (1958-1961) featured an media of Rapunzel in an episode which aired on 27 October 1958. Carol Lynley played Rapunzel and Agnes Moorehead played the evil witch. Sesame Street (1969–present) has a "News Flash" skit with Kermit the Frog where he interviews the Prince trying to charm Rapunzel with the famous line. However, she is having a hard time hearing him and when she finally does understand him, she lets all her hair fall down (completely off her head), leaving the Prince confused as to what to do now. In the American fairy tale miniseries, The Tenth Kingdom (2000), the main character, Virginia Lewis is cursed by a Gypsy witch. As a result, she grows hair reminiscent of Rapunzel's and is locked away by the Huntsman in a tower. Her only means of escape is by letting her hair down through the window of the tower so that the Wolf can climb up and rescue her. Not before he asks the iconic phrase, in his own way, "Love of my life, let down your lustrous locks!". The character, Rapunzel is also mentioned as being one of the great women who changed history, and she was Queen of the sixth Kingdom before eventually succumbing to old age. Rapunzel appears in the Once Upon a Time episode The Tower (2014), portrayed by Alexandra Metz. In this show, Rapunzel is a young woman who becomes trapped in a large tower for many years after she searched for a plant called "night-root" that would remove her fear of becoming queen following her brother's death. Because of this, she has extremely long hair. It is revealed that consuming the substance created a doppelgänger fear spirit who represents all of the person's worst fears. After Prince Charming begins to fear that he will not make a good father to his and Snow White's baby, Robin Hood tells him where to find the night-root. He then climbs the tower and eventually helps Rapunzel face her fears by facing what truly scares her, which is herself. Presented with her own doppelganger, she is encouraged by Prince Charming and cuts off her hair, killing the figure and allowing her freedom. She explains to Prince Charming that her brother died trying to save her, and she doubts that her parents will forgive her. Again encouraged by Prince Charming, she returns her to their palace where she reunites with her accepting parents. A second iteration of Rapunzel appears as one of the main antagonists in the seventh season of Once Upon a Time (Season 7, 2018), portrayed by Gabrielle Anwar and Meegan Warner in flashbacks. In this season, Rapunzel is Lady Tremaine, the wicked stepmother to Cinderella. In the past, Rapunzel had two daughters, Anastasia and Drizella, and made a deal with Mother Gothel to be locked in a tower in exchange for the safety of her family. Six years later, Rapunzel frees herself and when she returns to her family, she discovers she has gained a stepdaughter named Ella. At some point, Anastasia dies and Rapunzel blames her husband for the incident while Ella blames herself. Gothel plans to put Anastasia in the tower, but Rapunzel managed to turn the tables and lock Gothel in instead. Rapunzel plots to revive Anastasia by using the heart of Drizella, whom she favors least of the two daughters. Drizella discovers this and decides to get revenge on her mother by casting the "Dark Curse". She allies with Mother Gothel and sends the New Enchanted Forest residents to Hyperion Heights in Seattle. Rapunzel awakens from the curse, but lives as Victoria Belfrey and is given new memories making her believe she cast the curse to save Anastasia, while Drizella lives as Ivy Belfrey, her assistant and daughter. Cinderella and her daughter are also brought over by the curse. Rapunzel/Victoria manages to lock Gothel away in Belfrey Towers. The children's television game show Trapped contains a game based off on the fairy tale in which Rapunzel, re-named Split-ends, must have three correct bows untied from her hair. Animated television media The animated series Britannica's Tales Around the World (1990–91), presented by Pat Morita, features three variations of the story. The American television animated anthology series, Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child (1995-2000), the classic story is retold with a full African-American cast and set in New Orleans. The episode starred Tisha Campbell-Martin as Rapunzel, Whoopi Goldberg as Zenobia the Hoodoo Diva, Meshach Taylor as the Woodcutter, Hazelle Goodman as the Woodcutter's Wife, Donald Fullilove as Friend #1, and Tico Wells as Friend #2. Wolves, Witches and Giants (1995–99), includes the episode Rapunzel as season 1 episode 8. The German animated series Simsala Grimm (1999-2010) retells fairy tales, including Rapunzel as season 1 episode 8. The music video of Mary (2004) by the Scissor Sisters features a spoof of the fairy tale animated by Don Bluth. In the Mattel cartoon Ever After High (2013–2017), features Rapunzel's has two daughters: Holly O'Hair and Poppy O'Hair. Tangled: The Series (2017–2020) is a 2D animated TV show based on Disney Animation's computer animated musical feature film Tangled. Mandy Moore and Zachary Levi reprise their roles of Rapunzel and Eugene Fitzherbert. A new main character named Cassandra appears, who is Rapunzel's feisty lady-in-waiting, and later revealed to be Mother Gothel's biological daughter. The series has a feature-length movie titled Tangled: Before Ever After released in 2017. In one episode of Happy Tree Friends (1999–2016) entitled Dunce Upon a Time, Petunia has very long hair that Giggles uses to slide down on as a brief Rapunzel reference. The Japanese anime series Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics (1987–1989) features the tale in its second season. It gives more spotlight to Rapunzel's parents, who are the local blacksmith and his wife, and it makes the witch more openly villainous. See also Ethniu, daughter of Balor Rapunzel syndrome Danaë, daughter of King Acrisius and Queen Eurydice, who was trapped in a bronze tower or cave. Puddocky Maid Maleen Notes References Bibliography External links D.L. Ashliman's Grimm Brothers website. The classification is based on Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson, The Types of the Folktale: A Classification and Bibliography, (Helsinki, 1961). Translated comparison of 1812 and 1857 versions The Original 1812 Grimm A web site for the Original 1812 Kinder und Hausmärchen featuring references and other useful information related to the 1812 book in English. Grimms' Fairy Tales European fairy tales German fairy tales Witchcraft in fairy tales Fictional German people Female characters in fairy tales ATU 300-399	5,869
26427034	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherneck%20Square	Leatherneck Square	Leatherneck Square was an area just south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone that separated North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The corners of the square were Con Thien and Firebase Gio Linh in the north, Đông Hà Combat Base and Cam Lộ, in the south, making it about wide (east to west) and about deep north to south). Some of the heaviest fighting of the Vietnam War was fought in this 54+ square mile area. The official figures on losses in all operations in this area from Operation Prairie III/IV, through Hickory, Cimarron, Buffalo, Kingfisher and Kentucky, i.e., from March 1967 to February, 1969 were 1,419 Marines and Navy Corpsmen killed in action and 9,265 Marines and Corpsmen wounded in action. People's Army of Vietnam losses were put at 7,563 killed, wounded unknown. References Vietnam War sites	202
64434717	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornes	Ornes	Ornes may refer to the following places: Ornes, Meuse, Grand Est, France Ornes, Vestland, Norway Ørnes, Nordland, Norway	38
39851504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Bird%20%28cricketer%29	James Bird (cricketer)	James Waller Bird (19 November 1808 – 20 February 1876) was an English cleric and cricketer with amateur status. He was born at Little Waltham near Chelmsford in Essex and was educated at Winchester College and Wadham College, Oxford, and played first-class cricket for Oxford University 1827–29. He became a Church of England priest and was rector of Foulsham, Norfolk, from 1855 until his death. Bird married in 1850 Laura Beauchamp-Proctor, daughter of George Edward Beauchamp-Proctor, and they had ten children. He died at Paddington, London in 1876. References 1808 births 1876 deaths English cricketers English cricketers of 1826 to 1863 Oxford University cricketers People educated at Winchester College Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford 19th-century English Anglican priests People from Broadland (district) Norfolk cricketers	210
20234767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacy%20Schwarzbart	Ignacy Schwarzbart	Ignacy Izaak Schwarzbart (13 November 1888 in Chrzanów – 26 April 1961 in New York City) was a prominent Polish Zionist, and one of Jewish representatives on the Polish National Council of the Polish Government-in-Exile during the Second World War, along with Szmul Zygielbojm. Schwarzbart and Zygielbojm played key roles in highlighting reports of Nazi atrocities against Jews in occupied Poland. In 1942 Schwarzbart held a press conference in London alleging that 1 million Jewish people had already been killed. The figures were reported in the media but were treated sceptically by both the British and by some other Polish politicians. References Books Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski, Nie ostatnie słowo oskarżonego, Warszawa 2003, Dariusz Stola, Nadzieja i Zagłada. Ignacy Schwarzbart - żydowski przedstawiciel w Radzie Narodowej RP (1940-1945), Warszawa 1995 E. Thomas Wood and Stanisław M. Jankowski: Karski: How One Man Tried to Stop the Holocaust, by (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994; paperback February 1996). 1888 births 1961 deaths People from Chrzanów People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Austro-Hungarian Jews Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe) Polish Zionists Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1938–1939) 20th-century Polish lawyers Jagiellonian University alumni Polish emigrants to the United States Polish exiles	376
61759687	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konigovo	Konigovo	Konigovo (; , Konig) is a rural locality (a village) in Shudeksky Selsoviet, Yanaulsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 142 as of 2010. There is 1 street. Geography Konigovo is located 7 km southwest of Yanaul (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shudek is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Yanaulsky District	108
1142388	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinne%20Cl%C3%A9ry	Corinne Cléry	Corinne Cléry (born 23 March 1950), also known as Corinne Piccolo, is a French actress. She is known for the films Moonraker (1979), The Story of O (1975), Hitch-Hike (1977) and Yor, the Hunter from the Future (1983). Early life and career Cléry was born on 23 March 1950 near Paris and raised in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. She began her acting career in the late 1960s under the name Corinne Piccoli. Her first important film was Joël Le Moigne's Les Poneyttes with Johnny Hallyday and DJ Hubert Wayaffe, whom she married at the end of the filming, aged 17. Cléry first came to prominence in the movie Story of O (1975) (Histoire d'O). She also modelled for the cover of French magazine Lui in which she is holding a huge copy of the novel upon which the film is based. Cléry is also known for playing Bond girl Corinne Dufour, antagonist Hugo Drax's assistant, in the 1979 James Bond film Moonraker. She also starred with Bond girl Barbara Bach (who played Anya Amasova in The Spy Who Loved Me) and Richard Kiel (who played Bond villain Jaws) in the film The Humanoid (1979). Following Moonraker, she appeared in several Italian language films. She also starred in the films Covert Action, Hitch Hike with actor David Hess, Sergio Corbucci's The Con Artists with Adriano Celentano and Anthony Quinn, and the science fiction film Yor, the Hunter from the Future. Cléry became a housemate in the second season of Grande Fratello VIP, the Italian adaptation of Celebrity Big Brother. She considers herself anti-communist and atheist. Filmography References External links Cléry's profile for Moonraker at jamesbondmm.co.uk 1950 births Living people Actresses from Paris French film actresses 20th-century French actresses 21st-century French actresses French people of Italian descent French television actresses French anti-communists French atheists People from Saint-Germain-en-Laye Participants in Italian reality television series	498
43992714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bennett%20%28Victorian%20politician%29	John Bennett (Victorian politician)	John Barter Bennett (c.1824 – 19 May 1887) was a lawyer and politician in colonial Victoria, a member of the Victorian Legislative Council. Early life Bennett was born in Cork, Ireland. Colonial Australia Bennett arrived in the Melbourne in 1842 and was admitted attorney to the Supreme Court of New South Wales for the Port Phillip District. Bennett represented the Southern Province in the inaugural Victorian Legislative Council from November 1856 to May 1863. Bennett was senior partner in the firm of Messrs. Bennett, Attenborough, Wilks, & Nunn, solicitors and notaries public, Collins Street, Melbourne. Bennett later lived at 28 Stanhope Gardens, South Kensington, England, and died in London on 19 May 1887. He was married to Kate and had two daughters; he left his estate of £43,000 to his family. References 1824 births 1859 deaths Members of the Victorian Legislative Council Politicians from County Cork 19th-century Australian lawyers Irish emigrants to colonial Australia 19th-century Australian politicians	237
68568779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulva%20%28disambiguation%29	Tulva (disambiguation)	Tulva is a river in Perm Krai, Russia. Tulva may also refer to: Tulva, a Finnish feminist magazine	32
26679892	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%20Baoguo	Chen Baoguo	Chen Baoguo (; born 9 March 1956) is a Chinese actor. He is the President of CFPS (the China Film Performance Society), Chairman of CTAA Actor's Committee (China TV Artists Association). He graduated from the Central Academy of Drama in 1977 and has since acted in many films and television series, including The Emperor in Han Dynasty, Da Zhai Men and Rob-B-Hood. He is married to actress Zhao Kui'e (赵奎娥). He is considered among the most successful TV Series stars in the history of Chinese Television Drama. Filmography Chen first made a name for drama series Three Dimensional People (1982), adapted from the best-selling novel. The series was one of the most popular television shows of the year. In 1991, for his performance in Peking Duck Restaurant, Chen was nominated for the Golden Rooster Award for Best Actor. As one of the most talented chinese actors, Chen won the Feitian Award for Outstanding Actor three times: for Hanwu Emperor (2005), Tea House (2011) and All Quiet in Peking (2014). Film Stage plays Television Video games Awards and nominations •==References== 1956 births Living people Male actors from Beijing Chinese male stage actors Chinese male film actors Chinese male television actors Central Academy of Drama alumni	300
25513360	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabo%20Gabanakgosi	Seabo Gabanakgosi	Seabo Gabanakgosi (born 19 June 1979) is a Motswana former footballer who played as a midfielder. He played for the Botswana national football team between 1998 and 2006. External links Men's association football midfielders Botswana men's footballers Botswana men's international footballers 1979 births Living people Township Rollers F.C. players Uniao Flamengo Santos F.C. players	97
6493710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvaro%20de%20Molina	Alvaro de Molina	Alvaro de Molina (born July 13, 1957) is a former chief financial officer of Bank of America Corporation. He had been with the company since joining one of its predecessors in 1989. De Molina graduated in 1975 from Bergen Catholic High School in Oradell, New Jersey, and was inducted into the school's hall of fame in 2012. He then attended Fairleigh Dickinson University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in accounting. He obtained an MBA in 1988 from Rutgers Business School. He later attended Duke University's Advanced Management Program. On Dec. 1, 2006, he announced his resignation as CFO of Bank of America, effective at the end of the year. At the time of his resignation he had been finance chief for only 14 months, but had spent 17 years at Bank of America. He ran treasury services and investment banking before becoming chief financial officer in 2005. De Molina joined Cerberus-controlled GMAC in August 2007, becoming chief operating officer. On March 18, 2008, GMAC LLC named de Molina its chief executive officer. On July 9, 2008, The Wall Street Journal reported that de Molina had made it to Wachovia's shortlist of potential CEOs: "Mr. de Molina, 50 years old, is considered an outspoken and bold leader who would shake things up in trying to turn around Wachovia, though he might have difficulty fitting into Wachovia's genteel corporate culture." References External links Rutgers Business School page Bank of America biography "Bank of America, Corporation" on Google Finance 1957 births American people of Cuban descent Bank of America executives Bergen Catholic High School alumni Fairleigh Dickinson University alumni Living people Rutgers University alumni American chief financial officers American chief operating officers 20th-century American businesspeople	397
22412546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Oceanway%20%28F143%29	HMS Oceanway (F143)	HMS Oceanway (F143) was a of the Royal Navy provided under Lend-Lease from the US. History The ship was authorised under the United States Lend-Lease act as BAPM-4 ("British Mechanized Artillery Transport 4"), but was reclassified as LSD-12 ("Landing Ship Dock 12") on 1 July 1942. The vessel was originally to have been named HMS Dagger, but the name HMS Oceanway was assigned to it in August 1943. The vessel was formally transferred to the United Kingdom on 29 March 1944. Oceanway took part in the Normandy Landings, transporting 20 landing craft, arriving at Omaha Beach at 15:30 on 6 June 1944. After the landing the ship was of value transporting damaged landing craft for repair, in one case transporting 17 damaged LCM(3) craft to United Kingdom repair bases. The vessel served in the Far East in 1945 before being returned to the US. It was loaned to Greece in Match 1947, where it served as Okeanos, before being returned to the United States in 1952. Later that year, it was loaned to France, where it served as Foudre (A646) and was eventually purchased by the French Government, serving in the French Navy until 1969. The ship was sunk as a target in 1970. Citations References Casa Grande-class dock landing ships of the Royal Navy 1943 ships World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United Kingdom Casa Grande-class dock landing ships of the Hellenic Navy Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the French Navy Amphibious warfare vessels of the French Navy Ships sunk as targets Ships built in Newport News, Virginia Maritime incidents in 1970	382
54666611	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Johnston%20%28footballer%29	Anthony Johnston (footballer)	Anthony Clow McAllister Johnston (6 June 1917 – 1993) was a Scottish amateur footballer who played as a centre half in the Scottish League for Queen's Park. He was capped by Scotland at amateur level. References 1917 births 1993 deaths Scottish men's footballers Queen's Park F.C. players Scottish Football League players Scotland men's amateur international footballers Footballers from Glasgow Partick Thistle F.C. players St Bernard's F.C. wartime guest players Stirling Albion F.C. wartime guest players Men's association football central defenders Raith Rovers F.C. players Brora Rangers F.C. players	150
63830824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie%20Creek%20%28BC%29	Annie Creek (BC)	Annie Creek, is a small river in the Hart Ranges of the Northern Rockies of British Columbia. References Northern Interior of British Columbia Rivers of the Canadian Rockies Rivers of British Columbia	44
36723156	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo%20Facundo%20Quer%C3%ADn	Leonardo Facundo Querín	Leonardo Facundo Querin (born 17 April 1982) is an Argentine handball player for Handball Sassari and the Argentina men's national handball team. He defended Argentina at the 2012 London Summer Olympics, and at the 2015 World Men's Handball Championship in Qatar. References External links 1982 births Living people Argentine male handball players Olympic handball players for Argentina Handball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics Handball players at the 2016 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Buenos Aires Handball players at the 2007 Pan American Games Handball players at the 2011 Pan American Games Handball players at the 2015 Pan American Games Pan American Games medalists in handball Pan American Games gold medalists for Argentina Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina Expatriate handball players Argentine expatriate sportspeople in France Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games 21st-century Argentine people	217
50944512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boomer%20Jones	Boomer Jones	Boomer Jones was a 1950 radio show produced by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) which first aired coast to coast on the Mutual Network on September 3, 1950, the day before Labor Day. The show lasted approximately 30 minutes and was followed by a speech from Al Hayes, who was, at the time, the International President of the IAM. Boomer Jones was written by Morton Wishengrad and was directed by Mel Ferrer. Major roles were played by three of the top Hollywood stars of that time: William Holden, Marie McDonald, and Brian Donlevy who all donated their time and talent. The radio program was the first of its kind ever attempted by a trade union and told the story of the old-time "boomers" (union organizers) who helped build one of the largest industrial trade unions in American history. Production of Boomer Jones required eight months of research into the early years of the IAM to make the final production as accurate as possible. References 1950s American radio programs American radio dramas	226
27000859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristernia%20venusta	Peristernia venusta	Peristernia venusta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies. Description Distribution References Fasciolariidae Gastropods described in 1911	72
21168724	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomini%20Grove%2C%20Virginia	Nomini Grove, Virginia	Nomini Grove is an unincorporated community in Westmoreland County, in the U. S. state of Virginia. History A post office has been in operation at Nomini Grove since 1848. Nomini is a name derived from a Native American language meaning "deep current". References Unincorporated communities in Virginia Unincorporated communities in Westmoreland County, Virginia	84
75134818	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayla%20O%27Brien	Tayla O'Brien	Tayla O'Brien (born 6 July 1994) is a New Zealand footballer who plays for NRFL Women's Premiership side Eastern Suburbs. She has represented New Zealand at senior and age group level. Club career O'Brien is Eastern Suburbs third all time top goal scorer. In 2022 she finished as the top scorer of the New Zealand Women's National League, as Eastern Suburbs won the final 4–0. International career O'Brien was called up to the New Zealand women's national football team for the first time in January 2023. O'Brien was one of three domestic players picked for the two game series against the United States along with Deven Jackson and Rebecca Lake. She made her debut as a second half substitute against the United States on 21 January 2023. Honours Northern Football New Zealand Women's National League: 2015 Auckland Football New Zealand Women's National League: 2015 Eastern Suburbs NRFL Women's Premiership: 2021 New Zealand Women's National League: 2022 Individual New Zealand Women's National League top scorer: 2022 References 1994 births Living people New Zealand women's association footballers New Zealand women's international footballers	261
36361113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip%20Semp%C3%A9	Skip Sempé	Skip Sempé (born 1958 in New Orleans) is an American harpsichordist and conductor of the ensemble Capriccio Stravagante. Selected discography Lully: divertissements - highlights from tragédie lyrique and comédie ballet. Guillemette Laurens Capriccio Stravagante. Skip Sempé DHM References External links Discography American harpsichordists 1958 births Living people	107
54422017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Blackburne-Rigsby	Anna Blackburne-Rigsby	Anna Elizabeth Blackburne-Rigsby (born May 6, 1961) is the chief judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, the highest appellate court for the District of Columbia. She works very closely with her husband Robert Rigsby and has great influence from her mother, Laura D. Blackburne. Early life and education Born in Washington, D.C., Blackburne-Rigsby graduated from Jamaica High School in Queens, New York, in 1979. She began her collegiate education at Duke University, where she earned a bachelor's degree in political science in 1983 and later received the Duke University Presidential Leadership Award. After graduating, she was one of twelve people chosen to spend time in San Francisco, California, working as a public affairs fellow of the Coro Foundation. In 1987, she received a J.D. degree from the Howard University School of Law, finishing in the top five percent of her class. While there, she also earned the position of Lead Articles Editor for the Howard Law Journal and was also recognized as the Co-Captain for the Charles Hamilton Houston Moot Court Team. Career After law school, she spent five years as an associate at Hogan & Hartson (now known as Hogan Lovells US LLP) in D.C. During her time working for the law firm, she argued on matters including education, real estate, commercial, employment discrimination before federal courts. In 1992, she went to work at the office of the Corporation Counsel for D.C., first as a special counsel and then as Deputy Corporation Counsel in charge of the Family Services Division. This division was responsible for protecting and supporting children who experience abuse and neglect as well as domestic violence in their households. In 1995, she became a hearing commissioner at the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, a role later retitled Magistrate Judge. In 2000, President Bill Clinton assigned her the position of Associate Judge in the D.C. Superior Court. During the duration of her time as Associate Judge, she sat on a chair in the District of Columbia Courts' Standing Committee on Fairness and Access and also served on the District of Columbia's Access to Justice Commission. President George W. Bush promoted her to the position of Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals in August 2006, and her latest position of Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals was assigned to her in March 2017. She was reappointed to a new 15-year term in 2021. An advocate for equal rights and justice, Blackburne-Rigsby also has a spot on the board of directors for the National Consortium on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Courts and previously served as the Consortium's moderator and President. She currently spends time teaching Trial Advocacy at the Harvard Law School and teaches Professional Responsibility as an adjunct professor. She also teaches courses on Continuing Legal Education at the David A. Clarke School of Law at the University of the District of Columbia. Personal life Blackburne-Rigsby is married to Robert Rigsby, an Associate Judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and former Corporation Counsel. Her mother, Laura D. Blackburne, is a former chair of the New York City Housing Authority (1990-1992) and judge on the New York Supreme Court. Several sources have concluded that Laura Blackburne is an extreme influence on Anna's drive to excel in the law field. In 1959, Laura Blackburne graduated from Ohio State University with a degree in dance and choreography. It wasn't until 20 years later that she would attend St. John's University School of Law to get her J.D. degree. She also acquired Honorary Doctor of Law degrees from Niagara University as well as St. John's University. Prior to her mother's retirement, although in different cities, both Anna and Laura would serve as judges at the same time, pursuing their passions in tandem. References External links Nominations of Anna Blackburne-Rigsby, Thomas Motley, and John Mott, Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, May 10, 2000 \|- 1961 births 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American women 21st-century African-American people 21st-century African-American women 21st-century American judges African-American judges African-American women lawyers Duke University Trinity College of Arts and Sciences alumni Howard University School of Law alumni Judges of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals Judges of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia Living people Lawyers from Washington, D.C. Women chief justices of state supreme courts in the United States 21st-century American women judges People associated with Hogan Lovells 20th-century African-American lawyers	992
38497298	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insook%20Bhushan	Insook Bhushan	Insook Bhushan (born Na In-Sook, February 17, 1952) is a South Korea-born American table tennis player. She was a member of the South Korean women's team that won the bronze medal at the 1971 World Championships. At the 1973 World Championships, she was limited to the role of "non-playing captain" of the gold medal-winning South Korean women's team. In 1974, she emigrated to the United States, where her father had established an import-export business. The following year, she married the architect Shekhar Bhushan and in 1980 became a US citizen. Between 1976 and 1991, Bhushan dominated the US National Championships, winning the title in women's singles 11 times, women's doubles 11 times, and mixed doubles 8 times. In 1977, she won the women's singles title at the US Open. Bhushan returned to her birthplace for the 1988 Olympics, where she competed in women's singles and women's doubles. She also competed in women's singles at the 1992 Olympics and represented the United States in 6 World Championships. She participated in 3 Pan American Games, winning 8 gold medals (including 3 consecutive gold medals in women's singles) and 1 silver medal. Bhushan retired from competition after the 1992 Olympics and was inducted into the USATT Hall of Fame in 1993. Bhushan has a degree in accounting from the University of Colorado Denver and works as an accountant in the Colorado Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. She has two sons, Austin (born in 1980) and Kevin (born in 1985). References Other sources External links 1952 births Living people American female table tennis players Olympic table tennis players for the United States Table tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Table tennis players at the 1988 Summer Olympics Pan American Games medalists in table tennis Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States Table tennis players at the 1983 Pan American Games Table tennis players at the 1987 Pan American Games Table tennis players at the 1991 Pan American Games Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games 21st-century American women	488
3726271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter%20III%20Court	Chapter III Court	In Australian constitutional law, Chapter III Courts are courts of law which are a part of the Australian federal judiciary and thus are able to discharge Commonwealth judicial power. They are so named because the prescribed features of these courts are contained in Chapter III of the Australian Constitution. Separation of powers in Australia The doctrine of separation of powers refers to a system of government whereby three aspects of government powerlegislative power, executive power, and judicial powerare vested in separate institutions. This doctrine holds that abuse of power can be avoided by each arm of government acting as a check on another. In Australia, this separation is implied in the structure of the Constitution. Chapter I outlines legislative powerthe making, altering or repealing of laws; Chapter II outlines executive powerthe general and detailed carrying on of governmental functions; Chapter III outlines judicial powerthe interpretation of law, and adjudication according to law. What constitutes a Chapter III Court Federal courts must have those features contained in Chapter III of the Constitution of Australia. These features serve two purposes: firstly, they prescribe the features of any court created by the federal government; and secondly, they serve as criteria when deciding whether a body qualifies as a Chapter III Court. The main feature of a Chapter III Court is security of tenure. Under Section 72 of the Constitution, justices of federal courts are to be appointed by the Governor-General in Council; have a term of office lasting until they are 70 years of age (unless Parliament legislates to reduce this maximum age before their appointment); and receive a remuneration which must not diminish during their term in office. Chapter III judges cannot be removed except upon an address from both houses of the Parliament of Australia in the same session, "praying for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity". Thus, a judge cannot be removed except in the most extraordinary of circumstances. The only instance where the situation has even been close to arising was during the tenure of Justice Murphy of the High Court. However, he died in 1986 before procedures to remove him could begin. What constitutes judicial power Judicial power is not defined in the Australian Constitution. Instead, it must be determined by reference to seven indicia, viz: binding and conclusive decisions enforceability decisions made about existing rights or duties discretion limited to situations with legally ascertainable tests need for a controversy opinion of the drafters of the Constitution nature of the body on which power is conferred Chapter III Courts as principal repositories of Commonwealth judicial power The judicial power of the Commonwealth can be exercised only by a Chapter III Court or by a state court in which Commonwealth judicial power has been vested under s 77(iii) of the Constitution (although the reverse is not possible). In New South Wales v Commonwealth (1915) (The Wheat Case), the High Court held that judicial power is vested in a court as described under Chapter III, and no other body can exercise judicial power. In that case, it was held that the Inter-State Commission could not exercise judicial power despite the words of the Constitution, because it appeared in Chapter IV of the Constitution, and not Chapter III. More importantly, the commission was set up by the executive and violated the conditions for being a Chapter III court. There are some exceptions to the rule. Firstly, judicial power may be given to a non-judicial agent provided the judges still bear the major responsibility for exercise of the power and the exercise of power is subject to court review. Secondly, there are four discrete exceptions: contempt of Parliament courts-martial public service tribunals detention of non-citizens of the mentally ill or those with infectious diseases by police for a limited period of time for the welfare/protection of a person Chapter III Courts wielding non-judicial power A Chapter III Court cannot discharge powers other than judicial power, except where the function is ancillary to the purpose of the judicial function. In The Boilermakers' Case, the High Court held that a court that discharges both arbitration and judicial powers was invalid. The majority justices held that the maintenance of the constitutional system of government required a rigid adherence to separation of powers. The only exception to this rule is the discharge of functions ancillary to the exercise of judicial power. Section 51 (xxxix) of the Constitution allows the Parliament to vest in Chapter III courts any power incidental to its exercise of judicial power. This exception has in subsequent cases been used to allow courts to be vested with wide-ranging powers. Thus, in R v Joske; Ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders' Labourers' Federation, powers such as reorganising unions and invalidating union rules were allowed to be exercised by a Chapter III court. However, the exclusion of non-judicial power from a Chapter III court does not preclude individual justices from performing non-judicial functions, provided that they do so in their personal capacity; that is, they act as "persona designata". Appeals to the Privy Council The issue of appeals from the High Court to the United Kingdom's Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was a significant one during the drafting of the Constitution and it continued to be significant in the years after the court's creation. The wording of section 74 of the constitution that was put to voters in the various colonies was that there was to be no appeal to the Privy Council in any matter involving the interpretation of the Constitution or of the Constitution of a State, unless it involved the interests of some other dominion. However, the British insisted on a compromise. Section 74 as ultimately enacted by the Imperial Parliament was as follows:No appeal shall be permitted to the Queen in Council in any matter involving the interpretation of this Constitution or of the Constitution of a State from a decision of the High Court upon any question, howsoever arising, as to the limits inter se of the Constitutional powers of the Commonwealth and those of any State or States, or as to the limits inter se of the Constitutional powers of any two or more States, unless the public interests of some part of Her Majesty's Dominions, other than the Commonwealth or a State, are involved. the High Court shall certify that the question is one which ought to be determined by Her Majesty in Council. The High Court may so certify if satisfied that for any special reason the certificate should be granted, and thereupon an appeal shall lie to Her Majesty in Council on the question without further leave. Except as provided in this section, this Constitution shall not impair any right which the Queen may be pleased to exercise, by virtue of Her Royal Prerogative, to grant special leave of appeal from the High Court to Her Majesty in Council. But The Parliament may make laws limiting the matters in which such leave may be asked, but proposed laws containing any such limitation shall be reserved by the Governor-General for Her Majesty’s pleasure. Section 74 did provide that the parliament could make laws to prevent appeals to the Privy Council and it did so, beginning in 1968, with the Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) Act 1968, which closed off all appeals to the Privy Council in matters involving federal legislation. In 1975, the Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act 1975 was passed, which had the effect of closing all routes of appeal from the High Court. Appeals from the High Court to the Privy Council are now only theoretically possible in inter se matters if the High Court grants a certificate of appeal under section 74 of the Constitution. In 1985, the High Court unanimously observed that the power to grant such a certificate "has long since been spent" and is "obsolete". In 1986, with the passing of the Australia Act by both the UK Parliament and the Parliament of Australia (with the request and consent of the Australian states, in accordance with Section 51(xxxviii)), appeals to the Privy Council from State Supreme Courts were closed off, leaving the High Court as the only avenue of appeal. List of Chapter III courts High Court of Australia Federal Court of Australia Family Court of Australia Federal Circuit Court of Australia See also Separation of powers Australian court hierarchy Judiciary of Australia Constitution of Australia Article I and Article III tribunals—analogous feature of the US federal court system References External links Australian Courts & Legislation Australian constitutional law	1,731
29745873	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasso%27s%20Last%20Words%20%28Drink%20to%20Me%29	Picasso's Last Words (Drink to Me)	"Picasso's Last Words (Drink to Me)" is a song by the British–American rock band Paul McCartney and Wings, released on their 1973 album Band on the Run. The longest track on the album, it was not released as a single. The song includes interpolations of "Jet" and "Mrs. Vandebilt," the second and fourth tracks on the album, respectively. Wings band member Denny Laine covered "Picasso's Last Words (Drink to Me)" in 2007 on his album Performs the Hits of Wings. An abbreviated performance of the song appears on the live album Wings over America. Writing In an interview on British TV channel ITV1 for the program Wings: Band on the Run, to promote the November 2010 2×CD/2×DVD rerelease of the original album, McCartney says he was on vacation in Montego Bay, Jamaica where he "snuck" onto the set of the film Papillon where he met Dustin Hoffman and Steve McQueen. After a dinner with Hoffman, with McCartney playing around on guitar, Hoffman did not believe that McCartney could write a song "about anything", so Hoffman pulled out a magazine where they saw the story of the death of Pablo Picasso and his famous last words, "Drink to me, drink to my health. You know I can't drink anymore." McCartney created a demo of the song and lyrics on the spot, prompting Hoffman to exclaim to his wife: "look, he's doing it … he's doing it!" Recording While recording Band on the Run in Lagos, Nigeria, Wings were invited to former Cream drummer Ginger Baker's ARC Studios in the nearby suburb of Ikeja. While Baker insisted to McCartney that they should record the entire album there, McCartney was reluctant and agreed he would spend one day there. "Picasso's Last Words" was recorded during that time and Baker contributed by playing a tin can full of gravel. Personnel Paul McCartney – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, drums Linda McCartney – backing vocals Denny Laine – vocals, guitar Ginger Baker – percussion Tony Visconti – orchestrations References 1973 songs Paul McCartney songs Paul McCartney and Wings songs Songs written by Paul McCartney Songs written by Linda McCartney Song recordings produced by Paul McCartney Music published by MPL Music Publishing Cultural depictions of Pablo Picasso Songs about alcohol	504
30918090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teriberskaya%20Volost	Teriberskaya Volost	Teriberskaya Volost () was an administrative division (a volost) of Alexandrovsky Uyezd of Arkhangelsk Governorate, Russian Empire (and later of the Russian SFSR), and then of Murmansk Governorate of the Russian SFSR. It was established on 1912, from a part of Kolsko-Loparskaya Volost. On 22 April 1920 the Soviet of the town of Alexandrovsk proposed to incorporate several colonies of Teriberskaya Volost into new Alexandrovskaya Volost. The proposal was formally approved by Murmansky Uyezd Executive Committee on 1 June 1920. The volost became a part of Murmansk Governorate at the time of its establishment in 1921, and was abolished on 1 August 1927, along with the rest of the volosts of Murmansk Governorate, when the latter was transformed into Murmansk Okrug, redistricted, and transferred to the newly created Leningrad Oblast. References Notes Sources Arkhangelsk Governorate volosts States and territories established in 1912 States and territories disestablished in 1927 1912 establishments in the Russian Empire	258
20460866	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buntingville%2C%20California	Buntingville, California	Buntingville is an unincorporated community in Lassen County, California. It is located southwest of Litchfield, at an elevation of 4091 feet (1247 m). It is located just northwest of Honey Lake. Buntingville is the southern terminus of County Route A3 (Standish Buntingville Road) at its junction with U.S. 395. A.J. Bunting opened a general store at the site in 1878. A post office operated in Buntingville from 1883 to 1884, from 1899 to 1907, and from 1915 to 1920. References External links Buntingville on california.hometownlocator.com Unincorporated communities in California Unincorporated communities in Lassen County, California	170
58107473	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20Life%20with%20Ham%20%28Philippe%20Rousseau%29	Still Life with Ham (Philippe Rousseau)	Still Life with Ham is a mid-19th century still life painting by French artist Philippe Rousseau. Done in oil on canvas, the painting depicts a number of items set on a table. The work is currently in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Description The painting is intricately and intimately detailed; not only did Rousseau render a ham (described as "succulent" by one source) and a fully set table, he also included an issue of Le Figaro (a prominent French newspaper) addressed to his home. The work is highly contemporaneous to the early 1870s. References 1870 paintings Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Still life paintings Food and drink paintings	153
13235150	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Watters	David E. Watters	David E. Watters (1944 – 18 May 2009) was an American educator who specialized in Tibeto-Burman languages and folklore. Education Watters was born in 1944, and was originally from Daggett, California. He later lived in Port Angeles, Washington. He received a Diploma from Prairie Bible Institute, Canada (1967), an MA degree from the University of Oregon (1996), and a PhD degree also from UO (1998). Career Watters' university career began as an adjunct faculty member at the University of Oregon, in Eugene. He was also a visiting scholar at Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu, Nepal, from 2001 to 2006. Watters was the Director of the Oregon Summer Institute of Linguistics for four years, and was a member of SIL International. Watters was considered an expert within his field, especially the Kham language, and was widely published and cited. Amongst other research in 2007 at the Research Centre for Linguistic Typology at La Trobe University in Australia, he was working on the grammar of Kaike language, comparative study of Kiranti languages, and Himalayan languages in general, as well as a previously undescribed Tibeto-Burman language. Death Watters died on May 18, 2009, of a heart attack. He had recently overcome bladder cancer when a blood clot formed in his leg after an operation, and it traveled to his heart. He was survived by his wife, Nancy, and two sons, Stephen and Daniel who are also researching Tibeto-Burman languages. Watters had almost completed an autobiography when he died. Awards University of Oregon, Doctoral Research Fellowship – 1997 References External links Partial bibliography 1944 births University of Oregon faculty University of Oregon alumni People from Springfield, Oregon Linguists of Kusunda Linguists of Sino-Tibetan languages 2009 deaths	409
72482494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogivar	Ogivar	Ogivar Technologies Inc. was a Canadian computer company founded in Montreal, Quebec, in 1982 and 1992. Active for roughly a decade, the company primarily manufactured IBM PC compatibles before having the majority of its assets bought out by Tandem International, a electrochemical company, following bankruptcy proceedings. It was once one of Canada's top manufacturers of personal computers. History Ogivar Technologies was founded in late 1982 by five business partners with $25,000 in equity and a credit line provided by a Montreal branch of the Royal Bank of Canada. One of the founders, Jaime Benchimol, was 23 when the company started; by 1985 he was the company's president. Patrick Gauthier, 29 when the company started, had the role of financial officer by 1985, and Erick Antoine, at 39, was by that year the head of engineering for the company's printed-circuit board manufacturing operations. By January 1985, the company had fourteen employees. The company filed its initial public offering in 1986, reaching a share price of $3.25 on opening day, eventually reaching $7 per share later in the year. The company's first product was a clone of the IBM PC XT, called the Panama XT. It was manufactured in Ogivar's 2,500-square-foot facility in Saint-Laurent, located along the Trans-Canada Highway. Between December 1983 and January 1985, the company sold 500 units, generating $1.2 million in sales. It received accolades in a report prepared by the Government of Quebec, who rated it above the IBM XT on which the computer was based. By the end of fiscal year 1985, the company posted $7.7 million in sales, and by fiscal year 1986's end, that figure had grown to $22 million. Ogivar by that point employed 78 people and had introduced a clone of the IBM PC/AT, called the Panama 286 X, a revised version of the Panama XT called the Panama Professional, and the i386-based Panama 386. With the latter, Ogivar was one of the first two computer manufacturers in Canada to release a 32-bit PC clone. In April 1988, Ogivar opened up a subsidiary in the United States to market its products there. Following an embargo on Toshiba-produced laptops for purchase within the federal government of the United States effective between 1988 and 1991, Ogivar announced their intent to "fill the void" created by the ban by selling its own laptops to American federal institutions. Ogivar also hoped to capture 10 percent of Toshiba's annual unit sales of 150,000 laptops that they achieved in 1987. In 1988 they released the Ogivar 286, a clone of the Toshiba T3100. In March 1990, the company moved its headquarters from Montreal to Vancouver, British Columbia, in an attempt to spread brand recognition among western Canadians. The company retained its old Quebec headquarters as a regional office. Ogivar was hit hard in 1991, losing $4.4 million in the first nine months and having its stock price plummet to $0.40 by July 1991. Plans to open a manufacturing plant in Moscow—started in February 1990 amid talks with the Soviet Union after they expressed interest in making a bulk purchase of Ogivar's PCs—fizzled in the summer of 1991. In October 1991, the company laid off 35 of its 95 employees. Earlier, in 1990, the company was charged by the Quebec Securities Commission with filing fraudulent financial statements. In early February 1992, the company filed for bankruptcy protection in Quebec. Later in the month, Ogivar found a buyer in Tandem International, a Quebec electrochemical company, who purchased most of the company's assets, including the brand name. Tandem planned to revive the Ogivar brand in 1992. Following an eight-month court wait, the Quebec Securities Commission dropped most of the charges against Ogivar but found them only guilty of an erroneous or misleading report for the 1987 fiscal period, for which they were fined CA$10,000 in 1992. References 1982 establishments in Quebec 1992 disestablishments in Quebec Defunct computer companies of Canada Defunct computer hardware companies	872
7735197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester%20Academy	Chester Academy	Chester Academy is a public secondary school located in Chester, New York, United States. Their mascot is the Hambletonian, after Hambletonian 10, a famed harness racing horse that is an ancestor of nearly every Standardbred horse in the United States. The school's colors are orange and blue and . Chester Academy is a recently built school, with construction starting in 2002. Students moved into the school from Chester Junior/Senior High School, located about 0.741 miles away, in 2004. There are three floors. The school offers a variety of sports at different levels: football, soccer, baseball, cheerleading, Wrestling and basketball at varsity and junior varsity levels, as well as a varsity track and cross country team. They also have volleyball as of 2015. In 2012, Chester Academy was the first school in Hudson Valley to send home 1-to-1 Google Chromebooks with its students under a plan from K-12 Director of Instruction & Technology / Data Administrator Edward A. Spence. In 2014, Chester UFSD was awards an "Innovative Schools" annual award from NYSSBA. The district has since had ten different school districts visit Chester Academy to share best practices with Mr. Spence, teachers and students regarding their award-winning 1-to-1 Chromebook Instruction Plan. Take-home 1-to-1 Chromebooks have since become the de facto standard for school districts. The name of the school changed from Chester Jr/Sr High School to Chester Academy in May 2004 when students and faculty were moved from the original Maple Avenue school building to the new building on Hambletonian Avenue. Chester Jr/Sr High School housed students grades 7–12, and was changed to accommodate students grades 6–12 in the Chester Academy. The school building is separated into a junior high school wing and a high school wing. Chester Academy is also home to an Orange-Ulster BOCES Special Education wing. One memorable event in the school's history was a school shooting scare in 2018. A BOCES student made a 911 call claiming that a man with a gun was in the building. What ensued was a three-hour lockdown as SWAT members swept each room of the building. Other schools in the area had a lockout, and once the truth was uncovered, no charges were pressed on the student. Primary Feeder Schools Chester Elementary School Greenwood Lake Middle School References Public high schools in New York (state) Schools in Orange County, New York Public middle schools in New York (state)	533
35835630	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8psvik%20Church	Kjøpsvik Church	Kjøpsvik Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kjøpsvik. It is the church for the Kjøpsvik parish which is part of the Ofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, concrete church was built in a long church style in 1975 using plans drawn up by the architect Nils Toft. The church seats about 400 people. History On 9 February 1601, a royal decree ordered the construction of the first church in Tysfjord. This church was built in Kjøpsvik later in 1601, about southwest of the present church site, much closer to the shoreline. In 1791, the old church was taken down and moved to the nearby island of Hulløya. In 1839, the old church on Hulløya was taken down moved back to Kjøpsvik. In 1888, the old church was disassembled and moved to the village of Korsnes where it was rebuilt and it became known as Korsnes Church. A new church was built in Kjøpsvik to replace the old church that was taken down. The new church was constructed about to the northeast of the old church site. By 1966, it was noted that old church was poorly maintained and it was difficult to heat during the winters, so a new building was seen as more economical that trying to fix up the old building. In 1975, the old church was torn down and a new church was built just to the west of the old church. Media gallery See also List of churches in Sør-Hålogaland References Narvik Churches in Nordland 20th-century Church of Norway church buildings Churches completed in 1975 1601 establishments in Norway Long churches in Norway Concrete churches in Norway	419
28454315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hambletonian	Hambletonian	Hambletonian may refer to: Hambletonian (horse) (1792–1818), an English Thoroughbred racehorse, sometimes known as Hambletonian I Hambletonian 10 (1849–1876), an American foundation sire of the harness racing breed known as the Standardbred. Hambletonian Stakes, a major American harness race The Hambletonian Classic, a New Zealand trotting race	97
52668983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Whelan	Paul Whelan	Paul Whelan may refer to: Paul Whelan (politician) (1943–2019), New South Wales state politician Paul F. Whelan, Irish academic Paul Whelan (security director), US citizen and corporate security director arrested in Russia in late 2018 on accusations of being a spy See also Paul Weyland (1888–1972), anti-semitic leader of the Anti Einstein League	92
71902767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20shipwrecks%20in%20August%201885	List of shipwrecks in August 1885	The list of shipwrecks in August 1885 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during August 1885. 1 August 2 August 3 August 4 August 5 August 7 August 9 August 10 August 11 August 12 August 13 August 14 August 15 August 16 August 18 August 20 August 21 August 22 August 25 August 26 August 27 August 30 August 31 August Unknown date References 1885-08 Maritime incidents in August 1885	141
35943780	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Carolina%20Highway%20700	South Carolina Highway 700	South Carolina Highway 700 (SC 700) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. Known for most of its length as Maybank Highway, the state highway travels from a dead end in Rockville east to U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Charleston. SC 700 connects Charleston with James Island, Johns Island, and Wadmalaw Island in southwestern Charleston County. Route description SC 700 begins at a dead end in the town of Rockville on Wadmalaw Island. The terminus is on the north side of Bohicket Creek, which separates Wadmalaw Island from Seabrook Island, a short distance east of Bohicket Creek's mouth on the North Edisto River. The state highway heads northeast as Maybank Highway, a two-lane road that passes by the Charleston Tea Plantation, the only working tea plantation in the United States, and near the Firefly Distillery, which is on Bear Bluff Road on the portion of the island north of Leadenwah Creek. SC 700 crosses Church Creek onto Johns Island, enters an outlying section of the city of Charleston, and arrives at the main crossroads of the island near the site of the venerable Angel Oak. Main Road heads north from the junction through the northern part of the island before crossing the Stono River on the John F. Limehouse Memorial Bridge to meet US 17 between Rantowles and Charleston. Bohicket Road heads south toward Seabrook Island and Kiawah Island. SC 700 continues east and near the eastern end of the island intersects River Road, which leads south to Charleston Executive Airport. SC 700 expands to four lanes and crosses Pennys Creek and the Stono River on the high-level Paul Gelegotis Bridge and enters James Island. The highway passes through a golf course and along the south side of the historic Riverland Terrace neighborhood. SC 700 continues into a commercial area where the highway has a wye-type junction with SC 171 (Folly Road) west of the McLeod Plantation and Charleston Country Club. Old Folly Road is used for the movements from eastbound SC 700 to southbound SC 171 and from northbound SC 171 to westbound SC 700. SC 700 and SC 171 head north concurrently on Folly Road, which has two lanes northbound and three lanes southbound. The highways enter the West Ashley section of Charleston by crossing Wappoo Creek, part of the Intracoastal Waterway, on a drawbridge named for Burnet R. Maybank. SC 700 and SC 171 diverge at a directional intersection that does not allow access from southbound SR 171 to eastbound SC 700. SC 171 heads north as Wesley Drive and is used to access southbound US 17 (Savannah Highway) and SC 61 (St. Andrews Boulevard). SC 700 heads northeast as five-lane Folly Road (three lanes westbound and two lanes eastbound) to its eastern terminus at a partial interchange with US 17 just west of the U.S. Highway's interchange with SC 61 and its bridges over the Ashley River. The interchange allows access between SC 700 and US 17 in the direction of the peninsular section of Charleston. Major intersections See also References External links SC 700 at Virginia Highways' South Carolina Highways Annex 700 South Carolina Highway 700 Transportation in Charleston, South Carolina	708
27542354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarksville%20Elementary%20School	Clarksville Elementary School	Clarksville Elementary School may refer to: Clarksville Elementary School (Clarksville, Maryland) Clarksville Elementary School (Clarksville, New York) Clarksville Elementary School (Clarksville, Virginia)	50
66394917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplota%20palpella	Aplota palpella	Aplota palpella is a species of moth belonging to the family Oecophoridae. It is native to Europe. References Oecophorinae Moths of Europe	43
7914903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baye%20Djiby%20Fall	Baye Djiby Fall	Baye Djiby Fall (born 20 April 1985), often referred to simply as Djiby, is a Senegalese professional football coach and a former forward. He is the manager of Génération Foot. Fall last played for Hobro IK in the 2018–19 Danish Superliga. Fall has previously played professional for top-flight clubs in Denmark, United Arab Emirates, Russia, Norway and Belgium. In Norway he was the top goalscorer in Tippeligaen with his 16 goals for Molde FK. Career Born in Thiès, Senegal, Fall moved to France at the age of 18, where he joined Auxerre's academy. After spells at the French club AS Vitré, Danish club Randers FC and Emirati club Al Ain FC he joined Odense Boldklub in January 2008 where he was named the best player in the Danish Superliga. After 18 goals in 33 matches for OB the Senegalese top striker moved to Russian club Lokomotiv Moscow. After playing 11 matches for Lokomotiv Moscow without scoring any goals, he was loaned out to Norwegian club Molde on 25 January 2010. Molde's head coach Kjell Jonevret said that even though Fall was bigger and stronger, and a different kind of player then Mame Biram Diouf, he was considered a replacement for the player who was transferred to Manchester United. Fall's loan-deal lasted until 30 August 2010, with an option to buy. In July 2010, Molde extended the loan-deal to the end of the 2010-season and Fall went on to become top scorer of Tippeligaen (the Norwegian top division) for the 2010 season, despite a lower half finish for Molde. Fall became the first Molde-player since Jan Fuglset in 1976 with this achievement. Fall was later loaned out to his old club OB, and in the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League, he scored with his final move in the 93rd minute to dump Fulham out of the competition following a 2–2 draw. In January 2012, Fall joined the Belgium club Lokeren. In August 2012, he was signed as a replacement for Olivier Occéan in the German club Greuther Fürth, who had been promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Germany became the eighth country Fall had been playing football in the last eight years. Fall played two matches without scoring a goal during his first season in Germany, and after the season Greuther Fürth was trying to sell Fall to another club. He returned to his old club Randers on the last day of the transfer window. Irtysh Pavlodar In February 2016, Fall went on trial with Kazakhstan Premier League side FC Irtysh Pavlodar, signing for them on 3 March 2016. After initially announcing the release of Fall on 1 July 2016, FC Irtysh Pavlodar announced on 6 July 2016 that due to a ban imposed on them registering new players Fall would continue playing for the club. Fall signed for Hobro IK in Denmark in the summer 2018. He left the club again at the end of his contract, which was on 1 January 2019 after playing 6 games for the club. FC Cincinnati On 13 February 2017, Fall signed for United Soccer League side FC Cincinnati. He scored four goals in FC Cincinnati's home opener on 15 April 2017. On 22 April 2017, Fall was shown a red card towards the end of a match against Louisville City FC at Nippert Stadium in Cincinnati. In an exchange that took place as he was exiting the pitch, Fall allegedly bit Louisville midfielder Niall McCabe on the cheek. This resulted in a six-game ban and an undisclosed fine handed down by the USL. Fall was released by Cincinnati at the end of their 2017 season. Career statistics Club International Honours Lokeren Belgian Cup: 2011–12 Individual Tippeligaen top scorer: 2010 Molde top scorer: 19 goals in 2010 References External links Official Danish Superliga player statistics at danskfodbold.com 1985 births Living people Footballers from Thiès Men's association football forwards Senegalese men's footballers Senegal men's international footballers AS Vitré players Randers FC players Al Ain FC players Odense Boldklub players FC Lokomotiv Moscow players Molde FK players K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen players SpVgg Greuther Fürth players Karşıyaka S.K. footballers FC Irtysh Pavlodar players FC Cincinnati players Danish Superliga players Russian Premier League players Eliteserien players Belgian Pro League players Bundesliga players TFF First League players Kazakhstan Premier League players USL Championship players Senegalese expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in France Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in France Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Denmark Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates Expatriate men's footballers in Russia Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Russia Expatriate men's footballers in Norway Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Norway Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Belgium Expatriate men's footballers in Germany Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Germany Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Turkey Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in the United States UAE Pro League players Senegalese football managers	1,319
64873644	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6zde%20Kansu	Gözde Kansu	Gözde Kansu (born 23 August 1980) is a Turkish actress. Kansu studied at İzmir Tevfik Fikret High School. She is a graduate of Dokuz Eylül University School of Fine Arts with a degree in theatre studies. She first started learning ballet and later got involved in theatre and music projects at her school. She then worked for the Istanbul City Theatres and was invited to join them on stage during a tour of Antalya. She was cast in adaptations of Turkish classic novels Dudaktan Kalbe, Hanımın Çiftliği, Al Yazmalım. In the beginning of her career, she had guest roles in many hit series "Ayrılsak da Beraberiz", "En Son Babalar Duyar", "Kurşun Yarası, "Çiçek Taksi". She was cast in hit films "Issız Adam", "Abuzer Kadayıf". Filmography References External links 1980 births Turkish voice actresses Turkish television actresses Turkish stage actresses Turkish film actresses Dokuz Eylül University alumni Actresses from İzmir Living people	276
69561171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seward%20Statesmen	Seward Statesmen	The Seward Statesmen were a minor league baseball team based in Seward, Nebraska. From 1910 to 1913, the Statesmen teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Nebraska State League, hosting home games at Fairgrounds Park. During their final 1913 season, the franchise was relocated to Beatrice, Nebraska after a tornado struck the city of Seward. History In 1910, minor league baseball began in Seward, Nebraska. The Seward "Statesmen" became charter members of the eight–team Class D level Nebraska State League. The Columbus Discoverers, Fremont Pathfinders, Grand Island Collegians, Hastings Brickmakers, Kearney Kapitalists, Red Cloud and Superior Brickmakers joined Seward in beginning league play on May 14, 1910. The 1910 Nebraska State League set a salary limit of $900.00, with a roster limit of 12 players. Sunday laws were in place in the region in the era. A meeting at the Congregational Church in Columbus, Nebraska reportedly occurred on April 29, 1910, to discuss the issue. With about 50 men attending the meeting, it was reported that about 15 were against Sunday baseball and the rest were in favor of playing Sunday baseball. The local newspaper referred to the Seward team as the "White Sox." In their first season of minor league play, the 1910 Seward Statesmen placed sixth in the final eight–team Nebraska State League standings. The Statesmen ended the season with a record of 50–62, playing under manager John Fink. The Statesmen finished the season 16.0 games behind the first place Fremont Pathfinders in the final standings of the league. Reportedly, Seward drew 600 on their home opening day, May 14, 1910. Seward defeated the Red Cloud team by a score of 7 to 6. In July, 1910, due to Sunday laws, Justice Gladwish reportedly had the Red Cloud and Seward teams arrested for playing a baseball game on Sunday. Red Cloud and Seward played the Sunday game in Staplehurst, Nebraska a city which did not enforce the Sunday baseball laws. However, the Judge decided to prosecute the case against the teams. The Seward Statesmen continued play in the 1911 Class D level Nebraska State League. The Seward Statesmen ended the 1911 season with a record of 53–57 to place fourth in the standings, playing under returning manager John Fink. Seward finished 17.0 games behind the first place Superior Brickmakers in the final standings of the eight–team league. The 1912 Seward Statesmen placed fifth in the eight–team Nebraska State League standings. With a record of 53–59, playing under manager Bill Zink, the Statesmen finished 15.5 games behind the first place Hastings Brickmakers. Player/manager Bill Zink led the Nebraska State League with 139 total hits. The Seward Statesmen played their final season in 1913. The franchise reportedly relocated during the season after a tornado struck Seward, Nebraska on May 14, 1913, affecting attendance during the subsequent reconstruction. Reportedly 10 were killed and over 30 injured in the tornado, which struck a residential area in western Seward. On July 21, 1913, the Seward franchise moved to Beatrice, Nebraska with a 27–37 record, finishing the season as the Beatrice Milkskimmers. The Beatrice franchise became open with the demise of the Missouri-Iowa-Nebraska-Kansas League, of which the Milkskimmers had been a member. The 1913 team compiled a 25–23 record while based in Beatrice to finish with an overall record of 52–60, placing seventh in the eight–team Nebraska State League. Playing under returning under manager Bill Zink, the Seward/Beatrice team finished 15.0 games behind the first place Kearney Kapitalists in the final Nebraska State League standings. Reportedly, the York Prohibitionists played several 1913 games in Seward after the Statesmen relocated. Seward, Nebraska has not hosted another minor league team. The ballpark The Seward Statesmen were reported to have played minor league home games at Fairgrounds Park. The Fairgrounds Park ballpark was noted to have been located within the fairgrounds, located at Bradford Street & North 14th Street, Seward, Nebraska. Today, the Seward County Fairgrounds are still in use, having hosted over 150 county fairs. Timeline Year–by–year records Notable alumni Jim Stanley (1911) See also Seward Statesmen players References External links Seward - Baseball Reference 1913 Tornado Photos Defunct minor league baseball teams Defunct baseball teams in Nebraska Professional baseball teams in Nebraska Baseball teams established in 1910 Baseball teams disestablished in 1913 Nebraska State League teams Seward County, Nebraska	1,013
64529775	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor%20Little%20Rich%20Girls%20%281984%20TV%20series%29	Poor Little Rich Girls (1984 TV series)	Poor Little Rich Girls is a 1984 television sitcom which first aired on ITV in 1984. It portrays the lives of two financially-struggling cousins who attempt to rebuild their lives, following the loss of their husbands from divorce and widowhood. It starred Jill Bennett and Maria Aitken who co-created and scripted it together. Actors who guest appeared in episodes of the series include Joan Sims, George A. Cooper, Sheila Keith, George Chakiris and Arthur Hewlett. Main cast Maria Aitken as Kate Codd (8 episodes) Jill Bennett as Daisy Troop (8 episodes) Richard Walker as Dave Roberts (7 episodes) Lewis Fiander as Larry Codd (6 episodes) Joan Hickson as Lady Harriet (5 episodes) References Bibliography Howard Maxford. Hammer Complete: The Films, the Personnel, the Company. McFarland, 2018. External links 1984 British television series debuts 1984 British television series endings 1980s British comedy television series English-language television shows ITV sitcoms Television shows produced by Granada Television	236
29790167	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercenaries%20%282011%20film%29	Mercenaries (2011 film)	Mercenaries is a 2011 British action-adventure war film written and directed by Paris Leonti and starring Billy Zane, Robert Fucilla and Kirsty Mitchell. Synopsis Andy Marlow is an ex-British S.A.S serviceman turned mercenary who is working covertly at an observation post in the Balkans after a military coup has resulted in the assassination of the Prime Minister of Serbia. The coup has been instigated by Olodan Cracovic, the ex-commander of the Croatian Army and wanted war criminal. During the unrest, Olodan’s troops raided the U.S. Embassy and has taken the U.S Ambassador and his aide captives. The decision is taken to send in mercenaries to carry out the top secret rescue. Marlow and his team are sent into Srebrenica under the cover of darkness. US Armed Forces personnel posing as United Nations peacekeepers are playing a support role, but cannot take part in active operations. Covertly, Andy and his team infiltrate Olodan’s headquarters, taking him captive and releasing the Ambassador and his aide. However the rescue is far from over. Now they are faced with transporting them back to a safe area twenty five miles south where US troops are waiting. With Olodan’s right-hand man in pursuit, their mission takes an unexpected turn. They find themselves outnumbered, outgunned and fighting what could easily be a losing battle. Cast Billy Zane as Colonel Torida Robert Fucilla as Andy Marlow Kirsty Mitchell as Beatrice Rob James-Collier as Callum Antony Byrne as Olodan Gragovic Vas Blackwood as Zac Geoff Bell as Vladko Andrew Harwood Mills as Grigory Release The film was set for a limited UK theatrical release date on 27 January 2012. It was announced as one of the official selection of films for the Ibiza Film Festival in 2011, and also had a showing the same year at the Cannes Film Festival. Reception Having had several festival showings and been released in Germany, Mercenaries has received many reviews, most of which have been negative. Total Film gave a rating of one of five stars, particularly criticising the production values, "Gunshots sound like they were sampled off a videogame, muzzle flashes make the whole screen flash". David Hughes from Empire gave a similar review, however was not as critical, with a two out of five star rating. He said that the film had sufficient "fire power" but lacked any "substantial plot". Tom Huddleston from TimeOut singled out Rob James-Collier's performance, his accent specifically, saying he was "trying on a Texan accent so hysterically ripe he must have learned it from watching ‘Foghorn Leghorn’ cartoons". Overall he gave a one star rating out of five. Not all reviews were so universally negative, some reviewers singled out particular actors performances such as Martin Daniel Mcdonagh from The Hollywood News who gave a two out of five star rating, praising Robert Fucilla's performance. Dan Collacott from the online site Close-upFilm, in contrast to the review in TimeOut, said that Rob James-Collier "is the most convincing mercenary of the bunch" References External links 2011 films British action films Films about hostage takings Films about coups d'état Films about mercenaries 2010s English-language films 2010s British films	736
41957607	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopin%20Corporation	Kopin Corporation	The Kopin Corporation () is a Westborough, Massachusetts-based electronics manufacturer, best known for its display devices for mobile electronics. Microdisplays President John C.C. Fan describes the company's growth strategy as being based on expanding the range of applications for microdisplays. Kopin has attempted to combat the trend of digital cameras being released without viewfinders through the development of tiny electronic displays, aimed at inclusion in higher-end cameras rather than budget models. Kopin's first CyberDisplay product debuted in 1999 in a JVC digital camera; it featured a 320x240 pixel display with a diagonal measurement. In 2007, the Olympus Corporation chose a Kopin CyberDisplay with QVGA-level resolution for inclusion as a viewfinder in its SP-550 UZ model. In 2012, the company's newest CyberDisplay model had a diagonal measurement of with VGA-level resolution of 640x480 pixels. Outside of the consumer market, Kopin's microdisplays have also been used in electronics devices aimed at the military and law enforcement officers. In 2008, the United States Army awarded Kopin with the first phase of a $4.2 million program aimed at producing microdisplays more quickly and improving their performance, with the aim of incorporating them in night vision devices. In 2009, Kopin introduced its Golden-i headset computer, aimed at firefighters and security professionals. NBC reporter Monica J. Vila named the 2013 version of the Golden-i it as one of her favorite devices introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show that year, even though it was not aimed at the consumer market. Later that year there was speculation that Kopin might enter into a deal with Microsoft or Apple to provide components for any optical head-mounted display product those companies might manufacture to compete with Google Glass, after Google chose Kopin's competitor Himax to supply components for Google Glass; however, analyst Karl Guttag stated to Seeking Alpha that he saw this as unlikely. Other products Kopin also manufactures heterojunction bipolar transistors. Among its customers for this product line is Woburn, Massachusetts-based Skyworks Solutions. Acquisitions In January 2011, Kopin acquired British optoelectronics company Forth Dimension Displays (FDD) for £7 million in cash. Kopin's president John Fan indicated in media comments that Kopin was especially interested in FDD's ultra-high resolution reflective microdisplays and time domain imaging technology. Controversy In July 1999, Neil Bush, (son to President George H. W. Bush and brother to President George W. Bush) made at least $798,000 on three stock trades in a single day of Kopin Corp. where he had been employed as a consultant. The company announced on the same day good news about a new Asian client that sent its stock value soaring. Bush stated that he had no inside knowledge and that his financial advisor had recommended the trades. He said, "any increase in the price of the stock on that day was purely coincidental, meaning that I did not have any improper information." When asked in January 2004 about the stock trades, Bush contrasted the capital gains he reported in 1999 and 2000 with the capital losses on Kopin stock he reported ($287,722 in all) in 2001. In 2001 Kopin joined a broad decline in high-tech stock valuations. References External links Electronics companies of the United States Manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts Taunton, Massachusetts	728
27012570	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiakariga	Chiakariga	Chiakariga is a settlement in Tharaka Kenya's Eastern Province It was identified by a white settler who saw it a fit place for resting due to its cool and sunny climate at the foot of the natural Forest on the Kijege Hill where the place is located. Due to this identification by the white settler, a small trading center sprang up which has grown over time. Tarmac road that links the place to other towns including Nkubu and Nairobi has been connected recently. There is a proposal to connect the area to Meru National Park with tarmac road. References Populated places in Eastern Province (Kenya)	138
58122964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Champion%20%28film%29	World Champion (film)	World Champion () is a 1954 Soviet sport drama film directed by Vladimir Gonchukov. Plot Ilya Gromov is a well-known strongman among fellow villagers. Under the guidance of an experienced coach, a simple country boy becomes a world champion in the Greco-Roman wrestling. Cast Aleksey Vanin as Ilya Gromov, wrestler Vladimir Volodin as Privalov Vasily Merkuryev as Fyodor Bessonov Vladimir Gulyaev Denis Andreyev Veniamin Beloglazov Nadezhda Cherednichenko Dmitriy Kara-Dmitriev Klavdiya Khabarova Nikolai Komissarov Muza Krepkogorskaya Release Vladimir Gonchukov film's took the 12th place in the ranking of the highest-grossing films of the USSR in 1955. In the history of Soviet hire, he is on the 461st place with 27.9 million spectators. References External links 1954 films 1950s sports drama films 1950s Russian-language films Soviet sports drama films Gorky Film Studio films Soviet black-and-white films 1954 drama films	275
4150681	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabex	Stabex	The Stabex (from French Système de Stabilisation des Recettes d'Exportation) is the acronym for a European Commission compensatory finance scheme to stabilise export earnings of the ACP countries. It was first introduced in the first Lomé Convention (1975) with the purpose of remedying the harmful effects of the instability in export revenue from agricultural products. Stabex (along with similar mechanism for the mineral products– Sysmin that was provided for in the second Lomé Convention (1979)) was abolished by Cotonou Agreement in 2000. The agreement has been linked closely to that of the IMF compensatory package. However the debate rages that these aren't as effective as free trade due to the long run instability of the products. References ACP–European Union relations	168
8089080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallotti	Vallotti	"Vallotti" may refer to: Francesco Antonio Vallotti, an Italian composer, music theorist, and organist. Vallotti temperament, a musical well-temperament devised by the aforementioned Francesco Vallotti	47
18491243	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagstaff%20Lake	Flagstaff Lake	Flagstaff Lake may refer to the following lakes in the United States: Flagstaff Lake (Maine) Flagstaff Lake (Oregon) Lake Flagstaff, Western Australia	36
67585911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s%20Own%20%281st%20Staffordshire%29%20Militia	King's Own (1st Staffordshire) Militia	The King's Own (1st Staffordshire) Militia, later the 3rd and 4th Battalions, South Staffordshire Regiment was an auxiliary regiment in Staffordshire in the West Midlands of England. From 1662, and again after 1777, the regiment's primary role was in home defence and internal security. It was a favourite regiment of King George III, and spent much of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars protecting the king's residences, being rewarded with the title 'King's Own' in 1805. It served in the Mediterranean garrisons during the Crimean War. Under the Cardwell and Childers Reforms it became part of the South Staffordshire Regiment and raised a second battalion. Both battalions saw active service during the Second Boer War, and trained thousands of reinforcements during World War I. Later, one of the battalions served in combat on the Western Front, being virtually destroyed during the German Spring Offensive. After a shadowy postwar existence the battalions were formally disbanded in 1953. Background The universal obligation to military service in the Shire levy was long established in England and its legal basis was updated by two Acts of 1557, which placed selected men, the 'Trained Bands', under the command of Lords Lieutenant appointed by the monarch. This is seen as the starting date for the organised county militia in England. The Staffordshire Trained Bands saw some active service during the English Civil War. The Militia was re-established in 1662 after the Restoration of the Monarchy, and was popularly seen as the 'Constitutional Force' in contrast to the 'Standing Army' that was tainted by association with the New Model Army that had supported the military dictatorship of The Protectorate. However, the militia declined in the years after the Peace of Utrecht in 1713. Staffordshire Militia Under threat of French invasion during the Seven Years' War a series of Militia Acts from 1757 reinvigorated county militia regiments, the men being conscripted by means of parish ballots (paid substitutes were permitted) to serve for three years. There was a property qualification for officers, who were commissioned by the lord lieutenant. The Midland counties further from the threat of invasion were generally apathetic: Staffordshire was given a quota of 560 men to raise, but the county leaders failed to do so, and paid a fine instead. American War of Independence Staffordshire remained a defaulter county liable for militia fines throughout the 1760s. It was not until the War of American Independence, when Britain was threatened with invasion by the Americans' allies, France and Spain, that the Staffordshire Militia was reformed. Lord Paget was commissioned as its Colonel on 22 April 1776, the regiment received its first issue of weapons from the Tower of London (when two-thirds of the quota had been achieved) on 7 February 1777, and it was embodied for full-time duty on 31 March 1778. It consisted of eight companies, including the grenadier and light companies, with a ninth, 'Volunteer Company', added during 1778. The new regiment was at first quartered in Lichfield, but during the summer of 1778 it camped at Winchester before returning to winter quarters in Lichfield in December. In January 1779 three of the companies went to Burton upon Trent; in February five went to Stafford, and the whole regiment was there in July. In August it was again quartered at Lichfield, before marching to Bristol in September, leaving detachments across Hampshire at Andover, Basingstoke, Overton and Whitchurch. These kinds of movements followed a pattern for militia regiments at this time. During 1780 the Staffordshires were quartered at Southampton and Winchester. In the summer they formed part of a brigade under Lieutenant-General Simon Fraser in a training camp at Waterdown Forest, near Tunbridge Wells. They then moved to Liverpool for the winter. In May 1781 they marched to Scarborough, returning to Lichfield in October. In January 1782 the regiment was quartered across Staffordshire at Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Stafford, Stone, Rugeley and Penkridge. In June it was ordered to Warley Camp in Essex, then from November it was quartered for the winter in Leighton Buzzard, Amersham and Wendover. Viscount Lewisham was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel on 12 March 1779 and took over as colonel when Lord Paget resigned in 1781. The war having ended, the regiment was ordered in March 1783 to march to Staffordshire and it was disembodied at Lichfield after seven years' service. Later that year Lord Lewisham resigned the command and Lord Paget, now created Earl of Uxbridge, was re-appointed. Thereafter the militia should have been assembled each year for their 28 days' training, but to save money only two-thirds of the men would be called out each year, and in the case of the Staffordshires training was only held twice between 1784 and 1792. French Revolutionary War The militia was already being embodied when Revolutionary France declared war on Britain on 1 February 1793. The Staffordshire Militia was still commanded by the Earl of Uxbridge. The French Revolutionary Wars saw a new phase for the English militia: they were embodied for a whole generation, and became regiments of full-time professional soldiers (though restricted to service in the British Isles), which the regular army increasingly saw as a prime source of recruits. They served in coast defences, to man garrisons, and guard prisoners of war, and for internal security, while their traditional local defence duties were taken over by the Volunteers and mounted Yeomanry. In 1793 the Staffordshire Militia marched to Devonshire and was quartered in Plymouth, where it was taught the latest drill. In 1794 and 1795 it was quartered in Weymouth, Dorset, where it came to the notice of King George III who holidayed there. On 22 September 1796 the regiment marched to Shrewsbury where it was quartered for the winter, sending a detachment to Much Wenlock to put down a riot in November. In 1797 it was successively quartered at Liverpool, Dorchester, Weymouth and Winchester. At Weymouth it was again inspected frequently by the king, who requested that it should carry out Royal duties at Windsor Castle the following year. On 10 June 1798 it received its orders, and reached Windsor on 14 June. In an attempt to have as many men as possible under arms for home defence in order to release Regulars for overseas expeditions, the Government created the Supplementary Militia, a compulsory levy of men to be trained in their spare time, and to be incorporated in the Militia in emergency. Staffordshire's quota was fixed at 2095 men, and two new regiments were embodied at Lichfield in February 1798, so that the original regiment was numbered 1st. In 1799 there was a recruiting drive to get militiamen to volunteer for the Regulars. The colonel of the 2nd Staffordshire Militia, Lord Granville Leveson-Gower, previously a captain in the 1st Regiment, offered to raise a regiment for foreign service and soon obtained 300 recruits from the three Staffordshire regiments; however, the King objected and the plan was scrapped. The following year the militia quotas were reduced, the 2nd and 3rd Staffordshires were disbanded and their remaining men incorporated into the 1st at Windsor. The Staffordshire Militia returned to winter quarters at Lichfield at the beginning of 1800. It returned to royal duty at Windsor in June, and then spent the summer of 1801 at Weymouth when the Royal Family was in residence, before returning to Windsor in October. The war ended with the Treaty of Amiens in March 1802 and all the militia were stood down. The Staffordshire Militia marched from Windsor to Stafford where it was disembodied on 26 April 1802. King's Own Staffordshire Militia The Peace of Amiens was short-lived, and the Staffordshire Militia was embodied again on 30 March 1803. It was ready for duty by 17 May and was immediately ordered to Windsor, where the King rode at its head when it marched into Windsor Barracks. A new 2nd Regiment was raised, commanded by Francis Perceval Eliot, previously colonel of the 3rd Regiment, who was commissioned on 28 June. The 1st Staffordshire Militia accompanied the king to Weymouth in the summer of 1804, returning with him to Windsor in the autumn. In 1805 George III commanded that the regiment should become the King's Own Staffordshire Militia, and it was augmented by 200 men from the 2nd Regiment, which was disbanded. The newly royal regiment gained a second light company. The regiment was on service at Windsor almost continuously until 1812. In 1813 it was stationed at Colchester, with a detachment guarding the great Prisoner-of-war camp at Norman Cross, but was ordered to London to relieve the Foot Guards at St James's and Kew Palaces. On the death of the Earl of Uxbridge, Major the Earl of Dartmouth (son of the former colonel, Lord Lewisham) was promoted to the command. The regiment was disembodied in 1814 at the end of the Napoleonic War. When Napoleon escaped from Elba in 1815, the regiment was re-embodied while the army was serving in the Waterloo campaign. It served at Stafford and Derby and was finally disembodied in April 1816. 1852 Reforms After Waterloo there was another long peace. Although officers continued to be commissioned into the militia and ballots were still held, the regiments were rarely assembled for training and the permanent staffs of sergeants and drummers were progressively reduced. The Militia of the United Kingdom was revived by the Militia Act 1852, enacted during a renewed period of international tension. As before, units were raised and administered on a county basis, and filled by voluntary enlistment (although conscription by means of the Militia Ballot might be used if the counties failed to meet their quotas). Training was for 56 days on enlistment, then for 21–28 days per year, during which the men received full army pay. Under the Act, Militia units could be embodied by Royal Proclamation for full-time home defence service in three circumstances: 'Whenever a state of war exists between Her Majesty and any foreign power'. 'In all cases of invasion or upon imminent danger thereof'. 'In all cases of rebellion or insurrection'. Under this Act, two new militia regiments of were raised in Staffordshire in 1853, the King's Own (2nd Staffordshire) Light Infantry Militia and the King's Own (3rd Staffordshire) Rifle Militia; the original regiment was redesignated the King's Own (1st Staffordshire) Militia. The 1st Regiment had assembled for 21 day's training at Stafford in November 1852, still under the command of the Earl of Dartmouth, who died during the training period. He was immediately succeeded by Major the Hon W.P.M Talbot, formerly of the Royal Fusiliers, who was confirmed in command as lt-col the following April, just before the annual training at Lichfield. Crimean War War having broken out with Russia in March 1854 and an expeditionary force sent to the Crimea, the militia were called out for home defence. The 1st Staffordshires had assembled 1171 strong for annual training at Lichfield on 20 April, and the lord lieutenant was instructed to extend the training by an extra week. On 16 May the regiment was invited to volunteer for permanent service, and 645 volunteers were selected to be embodied. On 30 May they proceeded to Dover to take on garrison duties. In November, 202 men volunteered to transfer to the regulars, and during the war the regiment supplied 1200 recruits in this way. In January 1855 the 1st Staffordshire was one of the militia regiments invited to volunteer for overseas service: 596 men did so, and the regiment was the first to be accepted. The service companies embarked at Portsmouth on SS Hansa under the command of Lt-Col Talbot and arrived at Corfu in the Ionian Islands on 15 April. They were stationed at Fort Neuf Barracks. In August the regiment sent a detachment to Ithaca, then n 24 August the main body embarked on the transport Indiana for Argostoli on Cephalonia, from where it sent further detachments to Luxuri and Fort George. From the autumn of 1855 the regiment suffered badly from sickness: 25 men and three women and children died and at one period during the summer of 1856 a third of the regiment at Argostoli was in hospital. On 18 August 1856 three companies embarked for home on the Mauritius and arrived at Lichfield on 16 September. The main body of the regiment embarked on the Prince Arthur on 30 August and reached home on 22 September. The regiment was disembodied on 1 October 1856. It was awarded the Battle honour Mediterranean for this service. India Mutiny and after Only the permanent staff were inspected in the summer of 1857, but on 15 October the regiment was called out again to release regulars for service in suppressing the Indian Mutiny. It was embodied at Lichfield on 3 November and was sent to Perth, Stirling and Edinburgh Castle, with a detachment at Greenlaw. On 10 August 1858 the regiment embarked on the troopship Melbourne to move from Edinburgh to Aldershot, where it camped for six weeks on Cove Common and afterwards was accommodated in huts in 'L' Lines, North Camp. It formed part of 1st Brigade and provided Guards of Honour and participated in march-pasts during Royal visits that summer. On 18 September the regiment moved to the Portsmouth area, with headquarters (HQ) at Colewort Barracks and detachments at Gosport, Tipner, Anglesey, Clarence and Cambridge Barracks. Parties attended courses at the School of Musketry at Hythe, Kent, and again provided guards of honour for Royal visits. On 29 May 1860 the regiment sent a detachment to Weymouth to guard convicts at Portland working on the breakwaters, who were in a state of disorder. On 13 September the regiment moved from Portsmouth and Weymouth to Northern District, with HQ at Newcastle upon Tyne, four companies at Sunderland, and one at Tynemouth. On 27 November 1860 the regiment was ordered to return to Staffordshire, where it was disembodied on 30 November. From 1862 the regiment carried out its training each year, usually preceded by preliminary training for that year's recruits. In 1870 all three Staffordshire Militia regiments took part in a field day on Stafford Common. The Militia Reserve introduced in 1867 consisted of present and former militiamen who undertook to serve overseas in case of war. Cardwell reforms Under the 'Localisation of the Forces' scheme introduced by the Cardwell Reforms of 1872, militia regiments were brigaded with their local regular and Volunteer battalions – for the King's Own (1st Staffordshire) Militia this was with the 38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot and the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) in Sub-District No 19 (County of Stafford) with a shared depot at Lichfield. The Militia now came under the War Office rather than their county lords lieutenant. It was intended that each sub-district would have two regular and two militia battalions, and the 1st Staffordshire Militia raised a 2nd Battalion on 22 August 1874. This carried out its first annual training in May 1875 and thereafter the two battalions usually trained together. Whittington Barracks was completed on Whittington Heath outside Lichfield in 1881 as a combined depot for the north and south Staffordshire brigades. Although often referred to as brigades, the sub-districts were purely administrative organisations, but in a continuation of the Cardwell Reforms a mobilisation scheme began to appear in the Army List from December 1875. This assigned regular and militia units to places in an order of battle of corps, divisions and brigades for the 'Active Army', even though these formations were entirely theoretical, with no staff or services assigned. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Staffordshire Militia formed 2nd Brigade of 2nd Division, VI Corps. The brigade would have mustered at Liverpool in time of war. On 26 April 1873, Col Talbot resigned the command and was appointed Honorary Colonel of the regiment. Major Francis Chambers was promoted to the command, and when he retired in 1876, Lt-Col Pryce Harrison of the 2nd Bn was promoted to colonel and lt-col commandant, and Col Talbot's nephew, Maj Hervey Talbot, formerly of the 18th Foot, took command of 2nd Bn. He in turn later became commandant of both battalions. The Army Reserves were called out on 3 April 1878 during the crisis that led to the Congress of Berlin. The Militia Reserves of 1st Bn 1st Staffordshire Militia were summoned and 104 reported, overwhelming the accommodation at Whittington Barracks where that year's recruits were undergoing preliminary training. These reservists served with the 38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment in Dublin until they were stood down on 20 July. 3rd and 4th Battalions, South Staffordshire Regiment The Childers Reforms of 1881 took Cardwell's reforms further, with the linked regiments becoming two-battalion regiments and the militia formally joining them. On 1 July the 38th and 80th Foot became the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the South Staffordshire Regiment (the 'South Staffs') and the 1st and 2nd Bns of the King's Own (1st Staffordshire) Militia became the 3rd and 4th Battalions, still administered as a double-battalion regiment. Militia battalions now had a large cadre of permanent staff (about 30). Around a third of the recruits and many young officers went on to join the Regular Army. Annual training for the two battalions continued, usually camping on Whittington Heath. When Col Hervey Talbot died on 11 September 1884, he was succeeded in command by Lt-Col R.J.E. Eustace of the 4th Bn, formerly lt-col in the 60th Rifles. When Col Eustace died in 1889, Lt-Col W.G. Webb of 4th Bn succeeded him. Annual training for 3rd Bn in 1892 was carried out at Altcar, near Liverpool, and in 1896 both battalions took part in the army manoeuvres at Aldershot, forming part of Lord Methuen's Division. In 1898 they took part in the manoeuvres on Salisbury Plain, brigaded with 1st Bn South Staffs in 'Northern Army'. In 1899 Col Michael Swinfen-Broun was promoted colonel commandant of the 3rd and 4th Battalions in succession to Col Webb. However, on 1 August 1900 the two battalions became separate entities. Although Cardwell's army corps scheme had been abandoned, the Stanhope Memorandum of 1888 proposed that the home defence army should consist of three corps, of which the first two would be regular, and the bulk of the third would be militia, while the rest of the militia and the volunteers would be assigned to fixed defences round London and the seaports. Second Boer War 4th (1st King's Own Staffordshire Militia) Battalion On the outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899 the 4th Bn was one of the first militia units called out, even though the South Staffs did not at the time have a regular battalion serving in South Africa. It was embodied on 5 December and left the same evening for duty in Ireland. It embarked at Milford Haven and on arrival at Cork two companies went to Spike Island, one to Fort Camden at Queenstown Harbour and the remainder to Kinsale, where one company occupied Charles Fort. After the disasters of Black Week in December, most of the regular army was sent out, and further militia units were embodied, not only for home defence but also to serve in South Africa. The entire 4th Bn volunteered, and on 12 February 1900 it boarded the transport Arundel Castle at Queenstown under the command of Lt-Col F. Charrington. 4th Battalion South Staffs disembarked at Cape Town on 8 March with a strength of 23 officers and 602 other ranks (ORs); the machine gun section (1 officer and 8 ORs) followed by a later ship. The battalion reached Kimberley on 11 March, then HQ with A, B, C and G Companies went to Modder River on 16 March. On 24 March the other four companies under Maj Seckham left Kimberley with a column under Lord Methuen, marching via Barkly West and Dikgatlong to Dronfield, arriving on 31 March, where they were joined by the rest of the battalion on 3 April. At Dronfield B and F Companies were quartered at Riverton Pumping Station on the Vaal, and C and D Companies at Macfarlanes's Farm on the railway. It had been intended to employ militia units in garrisons and on lines of communication. However, the battalion was assigned to 20th Brigade. in Methuen's 1st Division. On 3 May half the battalion went to Warrenton where the brigade made a demonstration while another division forced the Vaal at Fourteen Streams on 4 May. Owing to a mistake in orders the 4th South Staffs were hurried back to Kimberley, before moving on 12 May to Boshof where Methuen's division was concentrating. Methuen was tasked with guarding the left flank of Lord Roberts' advance through the Transvaal. Marching through Orange Free State, it captured Hoopstad by a surprise night attack on 19 May, then marched to relieve Lindley. Methuen's men earned the nickname of 'the Mobile Marvels' for their hard marching. At the end of May Methuen continued on to relieve Heilbron, leaving 20th Bde to garrison Lindley. 4th South Staffs covered the south-east and south of the town, where they were under constant sniping by the Boers, and shellfire from 16 June onwards, while supply columns had to fight their way in. On 26 June there was sharp firing, then the Boers attacked a number of the picquets; E Company, 4th South Staffs, held No 7 Picquet and was engaged in a heavy exchange of fire but maintained its position with support from the HQ trenches behind until the Boer were driven off. On 2 July the battalion with its machine gun demonstrated on the ridge east of town while the mounted troops left Lindley and cleared the country toward Leeuw Kop. Next day Lindley was evacuated and the infantry moved to carry the Boer position at Leeuw Kop with artillery support. The column then followed the Boers towards Bethlehem. During the attack on Bethlehem, the 4th South Staffs were deployed with two companies escorting two 5-inch howitzers, two covering the left flank of the attack, and the remainder guarding the convoy and rear. The brigade remained in Bethlehem until 15 July. 20th Brigade marched out in pursuit on 15 July, and next day 4th South Staffs came under shellfire while covering the supply convoy. On 17 July half the battalion escorted the empty convoy back to Winburg, then returned with a full convoy on 30 July. Commandant Prinsloo and some 4000 Boers had surrendered in the Brandwater Basin, and 20th Bde now escorted them to Winburg on 9 August, with 4th South Staffs guarding the Wepener Commando of 550 men. From Winburg detachments of the battalion went down by daily trains to Cape Town in charge of prisoners. While at Winburg the battalion received a draft of 115 reinforcements from home as well as – unusually – a detachment of 150 men from the regular 1st Bn, who served with the militia battalion until the end of its service in South Africa. By now the Boers in Orange Free State had broken up into small parties, and British forces spent many months pursuing them, especially the guerrillas led by Christiaan de Wet (in the 'Great de Wet Hunt'). For the rest of the war, formal divisional and brigade organisations dissolved into ad hoc columns formed and reformed for specific tasks. The 4th South Staffs formed part of the 1500-strong garrison of Winburg, commanded by Col Charrington. Until October the Boers were continually round Winburg in varying strengths, skirmishing with mounted columns, damaging the railway and on occasion attacking or shelling the defences of the town. On 28 February 1901 a column was formed at Winburg to move out towards Doornberg, to which 4th South Staffs supplied 160 men. This column was out until 18 March, occupying Ventersburg and suffering a few casualties missing. Later the battalion guarded the blockhouse line along the Winburg–Smaldeel railway. On 6 April a force of Boers attacked No 2 Railway Picquet, from Smaldeel, held by one non-commissioned officer and 15 men of the battalion. After 2 hours' heavy firing, the Boers were driven off, but later they were able to creep up and capture No 3 Picquet. Another picquet on cattle guard was captured on 22 June. All these prisoners and 'missing' were released in May and June. On 15 July the battalion was relieved and went by train to Cape Town. There it embarked aboard the transport Lake Erie for home. They disembarked at Southampton on 11 August and next day marched through the crowded streets of Lichfield to Whittington Barracks to be disembodied.During more than 20 months' service the battalion had lost 41 men killed, died of wounds or sickness. The participants received the Queen's South Africa Medal with the clasps for 'South Africa 1901', 'Cape Colony' and 'Wittebergen' – the only militia unit to receive the latter clasp, awarded for operations round Bethlehem in July 1900. 3rd (1st King's Own Staffordshire Militia) Battalion The 3rd Bn was embodied on 3 May 1900, and after serving in the UK was disembodied on 4 December 1900. The battalion was embodied again on 6 May 1901, and volunteered for overseas service, effectively to replace the 4th Bn. The 3rd South Staffs embarked on the Bavarian at Southampton on 17 June 1901, and landed at Cape Town on 10 July, with 20 officers and 561 ORs under Lt-Col Michael Swinfen-Broun. It was first placed in charge of Boer prisoners at Simon's Town with two companies on detachment at Stellenbosch and Sir Lowry's Pass Village. In September Battalion HQ moved for s short time to Stellenbosch. At the end of December the battalion took over a new line of blockhouses extending over from the coast at Lambert's Bay via Calvinia to Victoria West, with HQ at Clanwilliam. The battalion embarked for the UK on 2 July 1902 and was disembodied on 19 July, having lost 27 ORs killed in action or died of disease. The participants received the Queen's South Africa Medal with the clasps for 'Cape Colony', 'South Africa 1901' and 'South Africa 1902'. Special Reserve After the Boer War, the future of the militia was called into question. There were moves to reform the Auxiliary Forces (Militia, Yeomanry and Volunteers) to take their place in the six army corps proposed by the Secretary of State for War, St John Brodrick. However, little of Brodrick's scheme was carried out. Under the more sweeping Haldane Reforms of 1908, the Militia was replaced by the Special Reserve (SR), a semi-professional force whose role was to provide reinforcement drafts for regular units serving overseas in wartime, rather like the earlier Militia Reserve. The two battalions became the 3rd (Reserve) and 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalions, South Staffordshire Regiment, on 14 June and 2 August 1908 respectively. World War I 3rd (Reserve) Battalion The 3rd Bn was embodied at Whittington Barracks on the outbreak of World War I on 4 August 1914 under the command of Lt-Col G. Jones Mytton, who had been CO since 8 March 1911. It then proceeded to its war station at Plymouth. While there it probably assisted in the formation of 10th (Reserve) Battalion, South Staffs, from Kitchener's Army volunteers. In May 1915 the 3rd Bn moved to Sunderland, and by November 1916 it was at Forest Hall, Newcastle upon Tyne, where it stayed for the remainder of the war in the Tyne Garrison. As well as its defence responsibilities, the battalion's role was to train and form drafts of reservists, special reservists, recruits and returning wounded for the two regular battalions of the South Staffs serving with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front and in Italy. Thousands of reinforcements for these battalions would have passed through the 3rd Bn. It was finally disembodied on 15 August 1919, when its remaining personnel were posted to the 2nd Bn. 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion The 4th Bn was also embodied at Whittington Barracks, under the command of Lt-Col E.A.E Bulwer, who had been the regular adjutant of the battalion during the Boer War and had retired from the South Staffs as a captain. He had subsequently joined the SR and had been in command of the battalion since 13 December 1910. Its war station was on Jersey. While there it probably assisted in the formation of 11th (Reserve) Battalion from Kitchener's Army volunteers. In September 1916 the battalion moved to Marske-by-the-Sea near Redcar on the North Yorkshire coast. Here it formed part of a composite infantry brigade with 4th (Extra Reserve) Bn, North Staffordshire Regiment (originally the 3rd (King's Own) Staffordshire Militia Rifles). In June 1917 these two Staffordshire SR battalions joined 67th (2nd Home Counties) Division, replacing two 3rd Line Territorial Force (TF) battalions that had seen sent to join the BEF. 4th South Staffs joined 201st (2/1st Middlesex) Brigade. 67th Division had spent the war so far preparing drafts of reinforcements for 1st Line TF units overseas. In April 1917 it had been ordered to prepare for service with the BEF, but the move never happened. In the end the Staffordshire SR battalions proceeded to France individually. The 4th South Staffs was thus one of the few SR units (mainly 'Extra Reserve' battalions) actually to see overseas service in World War I. 4th South Staffs disembarked at Le Havre on 10 October and three days later joined 7th Brigade in 25th Division. This was a 'Kitchener' Division raised early in the war that had been heavily engaged at the Battle of the Somme in 1916 and the early stages of the Third Battle of Ypres earlier in the summer. When 4th South Staffs joined, the division was still in the Ypres sector under Second Army When the Germans launched a heavy counter-attack against Third Army after the Battle of Cambrai, Second Army was ordered to send reinforcements, and 25th Division set out by train on 2 December to Bapaume. By the time it arrived, Third Army had pulled back to a shorter line (the Flesquières Salient) and the German attack had been held. Operation Michael 25th Division was part of Third Army Reserve, stationed near Bapaume behind IV Corps in the Flesquières Salient, when the Germans launched their Spring Offensive (Operation Michael) on 21 March 1918. Two brigades and the divisional artillery were sent forward, leaving 7th Bde as Corps Reserve in the partially-prepared trenches of the 'Green Line'. They did not come into action until 23 March, after the front line formations of the corps had been virtually destroyed in two days of stubborn fighting. Although incomplete, the Green Line was well-sited, and its defenders had had two more days to work on it: they drove off six separate attacks on 23 March, some of which got within of the barbed wire before withering under rifle, machine gun and artillery fire. After a quiet night, the German attacks were renewed against IV Corps' flanks on 24 March, and by the afternoon the right flank division had been pushed back. At 16.00, when the German attack against it had already begun, 7th Bde received orders to swing back from the Green Line to keep touch on the right. Although suffering heavy casualties the battalions managed to extricate themselves and take up the new positions; Bapaume had been evacuated. That evening they were ordered to withdraw behind friendly troops, and again suffered heavy casualties while disengaging. During the night the survivors rejoined 25th Division near Logeast Wood, and spent 25 March in reserve north of Achiet-le-Grand. Most battalions of the division were down to half strength. Battle of the Lys As the first phase of the German offensive died away, the battered 25th Division received reinforcement drafts to bring it back up to an average strength of 800 men per battalion. These were mainly 19-year-olds with 9 months' training. The division then entrained on 30–31 March to rejoin Second Army in the north and went straight into the line while still absorbing the drafts. Unfortunately, the 25th had arrived where the second phase of the German offensive (the Battle of the Lys) was about to be launched. This attack came on 9 April and the division's front was attacked next day (the Battle of Messines). The Germans crossed the River Lys under cover of morning mist and overran or passed between the forward posts. 7th Brigade was forced back, though as the mist cleared the enemy suffered heavy casualties from rifle and artillery fire. Fighting died down about 11.00, by which time 7th Bde was lining the northern edge of Ploegsteert ('Plugstreet') Wood. By next morning this position formed a dangerous salient; 4th South Staffs, very weak after the previous day's fighting, held the blunt apex of the salient with 1st Wiltshire Regiment. The adjacent units were driven back during 11 April, and 7th Bde was ordered to retire. The order went to the 'Catacombs' in Hill 63, where the battalion HQs of 1st Wiltshires and 10th Cheshire Regiment were located; the CO of 4th South Staffs was visiting in search of information when the order arrived, so the three battalion commanders organised the retirement for 17.00. However, a fresh order arrived calling for outposts to remain in position as long as possible before fighting their way back; the COs interpreted this to apply to their whole battalions, so they countermanded the retirement. Shortly after 17.30, Hill 63 and the Catacombs were surrounded and all three battalion commanders captured. Their remaining troops fought the back to a position west of Neuve Eglise, some parties passing through German lines to get there, but casualties were severe. Luckily, fresh troops had reached Neuve Eglise, and 7th Bde (less than a battalion in strength) spent the next day in reserve. The next attack against 25th Division came in at 05.00 on 13 April (the Battle of Bailleul), covered by fog and without any preliminary bombardment. The division's frontline troops were driven back on 7th Bde, drawn up at 'Crucifix Corner', where the German onrush was halted. By 16 April, after Bailleul fell, the two brigades of 25th Division, 7th and 75th, were temporarily reorganised as '7th Composite Bde' of two battalions, forming virtually the only reserve in the area. The Germans failed to press their attacks on 17 April, and 25th Division was pulled out for rest and reorganisation next day. After a lull, the Germans resumed their Lys offensive on 25 April (the Second Battle of Kemmel). Second Army had a number of tired divisions, including 25th, spread out behind the front line to increase the depth of the defence. Once again the Germans had morning fog in their favour and made rapid progress against French troops, taking Mont Kemmel, but an Anglo-French counter-attack was arranged for the following morning, for which 25th Division was assigned. The division had been reinforced by recruits from home, but was desperately short of officers and non-commissioned officers. The approach was made in the dark, amid heavy rain, and the supporting artillery fire was weak. Although 25th Division attacked promptly at 03.00, they were unable to keep up with the Creeping barrage in the mud and fog, and 7th Bde with 4th South Staffs in the leading wave encountered uncut wire. The French on the right were 30 minutes late in attacking and made no progress. 7th Brigade was now pinned down in front of the wire, under machine gun fire from its right rear where the French should have been, and about 09.00 was withdrawn to the Kemmelbeck stream, where it dug in. 7th Brigade was withdrawn the following night. The Official History referred to the counter-attack as a 'useless waste of life', and quoted a battalion commander's comment on this 'discreditable affair'. 25th Division was holding the line when the Germans made their final effort of the offensive on 29 April (the Battle of the Scherpenberg) and was offered 'exceptionally good targets'. Although the attack made some progress against the French, and 7th Bde was ordered to form a defensive flank, this was not necessary and the German attack was a disaster. The Lys offensive was over. 25th Division had suffered more casualties than any other British division in this offensive. Chemin des Dames 25th Division was now sent to a 'quiet' sector of the French front to recover and to absorb young recruits. It was in reserve for IX Corps, which was deployed along the Chemin des Dames ridge. Unfortunately, the division was once more placed exactly where the next phase of the German offensive would fall: the Third Battle of the Aisne. The attack on 27 May was not a surprise, and 7th Bde had been pushed forward to Guyencourt the night before to be closer to the Green Line behind the frontline divisions. The attack opened with the heaviest bombardment so far, which overwhelmed Allied artillery positions, HQs and communications, and isolated the forward troops. By noon the frontline British divisions (8th and 50th (Northumbrian)) had virtually disappeared, apart from scattered parties falling back to defend the Green Line; only 25th Division remained intact on this front. 7th Brigade was deployed along a line of redoubts from Bouffignereux to Hermonville, about back from the Green Line, but it knew nothing about the positions it was taking up. As the Germans worked their way forward in the early afternoon, 7th Bde was shifted left, where it had a better field of fire on a forward slope. 4th South Staffs formed the centre of the brigade's line in the partly-dug Green Line trenches. The brigade successfully held this line until about 17.30 when it was outflanked on the left. The two flank battalions fell back in diverging directions, creating a gap thinly held by 4th South Staffs supported by sappers and mortar crews. Pushing up the Bouffignereux valley the Germans entered Guyencourt and then Bouvancourt, over behind the Green Line. By 20.00 the survivors of 7th Bde and some stragglers had been pushed back to form some kind of line south of Bouvancourt with 21st Division. This line was attacked again next day, but most of the German army was pushing past on the left, where a hole had been torn in the Allied lines. There followed a long retreat, with the British troops of IX Corps forming the southern hinge of the great bulge forced into the French lines. The front began to stabilise on 31 May and the battle died away by 6 June. Reduction As a result of its heavy casualties 25th Division could only form a composite brigade by 20 June. No 1 Battalion of 25th Composite Bde was provided by the combined 4th South Staffs and 11th Lancashire Fusiliers. On 22 June the composite brigade was transferred to [50th (Northumbrian) Division which had also been reduced to a composite brigade, and the two (25th and 50th) formed 50th Composite Division, or 'Jackson's Force', from its commander, Maj-Gen H.C. Jackson. On 24 June Jackson's Force was ordered to go back into the line to relieve a French division on the night of 28/29 June. However, this was cancelled, and instead the force entrained to return to the British sector. 25th Composite Bde was broken up at Huppy on 7 July. By then, the rest of 25th Division had been reduced to training cadres (TCs) and sent back to the UK to train reinforcements. 4th South Staffs was also reduced to a TC on 11 July, the surplus personnel being drafted elsewhere. The TC of the 4th South Staffs joined 116th Bde in 39th Division at Étaples on 16 August. By now 39th Division consisted solely of TCs and was running training courses for newly arrived US Army divisions before they went into the line. On 1 November 1918 39th Division was ordered to begin demobilising the TCs, and the cadre of the 4th South Staffs completed demobilisation on 6 November, just before the Armistice with Germany. Postwar The SR resumed its old title of Militia in 1921 but like most militia battalions the 3rd and 4th South Staffs remained in abeyance after World War I. By the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the only officer remaining listed for either battalion was the Honorary Colonel of the 3rd, Lt-Col Swinfen-Broun. The Militia was formally disbanded in April 1953. Heritage and ceremonial Honorary Colonels The following served as Honorary Colonel of the regiment or its battalions: 3rd and 4th Battalions Sir Wellington Chetwynd-Talbot, KCB, former CO, appointed 26 April 1873, died 23 September 1898 Charles, 8th Earl of Aylesford, former Major, 3rd Bn, appointed 4 February 1899, continued with 4th Bn, reappointed to Special Reserve 2 August 1908 3rd Battalion Lt-Col Michael Swinfen-Broun, former CO, appointed 5 April 1905, reappointed to Special Reserve 14 June 1908 Precedence In the early days militia regiments serving together drew lots for their relative precedence. From 1778 the counties were given an order of precedence determined by ballot each year; for Staffordshire the positions drawn were:Baldry. 40th on 1 June 1778 31st on 12 May 1779 23rd on 6 May 1780 19th on 28 April 1781 10th on 7 May 1782 However, when the militia were re-embodied in 1793, the order of precedence balloted for that year (when Staffordshire was 27th) remained in force throughout the French Revolutionary War: this covered all the regiments formed in the county. Another ballot for precedence took place at the start of the Napoleonic War, when Staffordshire was 2nd. This list continued until 1833. In that year the King drew the lots for individual regiments: those raised before the peace of 1763 took the first 47 places, followed by the regiments raised between 1763 and 1783, with the Staffordshires at 66th. This resulting list remained in force with minor amendments until the end of the militia. In line with most other regiments the Staffordshires paid little attention to the additional number. Uniforms and insignia The 1777 uniform of the Staffordshire Militia was red with light lemon yellow facings, and silver lace and buttons for the officers. By 1800 it wore its button lace loops in pairs and about 1803 the officer's lace and buttons changed to gilt. Its badge was the Stafford knot common to all regiments of the county. The drummers wore uniforms in 'reversed colours', ie yellow with red facings; the black percussionists employed by the regimental band wore turbans. When the regiment became the King's Own in 1805 it adopted the dark blue facings appropriate for a royal regiment. Its officers were also authorised to wear an image of the Round Tower of Windsor Castle on their accoutrements. The post-1805 officers' belt plate had the knot within a garter, with a crown above and a scroll inscribed 'KINGS OWN' below. The plate on the officers' 1812 pattern shakoes had the Royal cypher with a crown above and the knot below. When the 1st Regiment joined the South Staffordshires, it adopted the badges and uniform of that regiment, including its white facings. Battle honours The King's Own (1st Staffordshire) Militia was awarded the Battle honour Mediterranean for its service during the Crimean War; this was later carried by both the 3rd and 4th Battalions. The 3rd and 4th were later awarded South Africa 1901–02 and South Africa 1900–01 respectively. However, after Army Order 251 of 1910, Special Reserve units carried the same battle honours as their parent regiment.Leslie, pp. xiii, 52. See also Staffordshire Militia King's Own (2nd Staffordshire) Light Infantry Militia King's Own (3rd Staffordshire) Rifle Militia South Staffordshire Regiment Footnotes Notes References Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, . Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, . Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3a: New Army Divisions (9–26), London: HM Stationery Office, 1938/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, . Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division, London: HM Stationery Office, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, . Gregory Blaxland, Amiens: 1918, London: Frederick Muller, 1968/Star, 1981, . E. Brumby, 'Plan of the Encampment on Waterdown Forest near Tunbridge Wells', Journal of the Society for Army Historicxal Research, Vol 80, No 323 (Autumn 2002), p. 256. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 100th Edn, London, 1953. Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938. Brig-Gen Sir James E. Edmonds, History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1918, Vol I, The German March Offensive and its Preliminaries, London: Macmillan, 1935/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, 1995, /Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2009, . Brig-Gen Sir James E. Edmonds, History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1918, Vol II, March–April: Continuation of the German Offensives, London: Macmillan, 1937/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, 1995, /Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2009, . Brig-Gen Sir James E. Edmonds, History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1918, Vol III, May–July: The German Diversion Offensives and the First Allied Counter-Offensive, London: Macmillan, 1939/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, 1994, /Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2009, . Sir John Fortescue, A History of the British Army, Vol I, 2nd Edn, London: Macmillan, 1910. Sir John Fortescue, A History of the British Army, Vol II, London: Macmillan, 1899. Sir John Fortescue, A History of the British Army, Vol III, 2nd Edn, London: Macmillan, 1911. J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, . Lt-Col James Moncrieff Grierson (Col Peter S. Walton, ed.), Scarlet into Khaki: The British Army on the Eve of the Boer War, London: Sampson Low, 1899/London: Greenhill, 1988, . Lt-Col H.G. Hart, The New Annual Army List, and Militia List (various dates from 1840). Col George Jackson Hay, An Epitomized History of the Militia (The Constitutional Force), London:United Service Gazette, 1905. Richard Holmes, Soldiers: Army Lives and Loyalties from Redcoats to Dusty Warriors, London: HarperPress, 2011, . Brig E.A. James, British Regiments 1914–18, London: Samson Books, 1978/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, . Roger Knight, Britain Against Napoleon: The Organization of Victory 1793–1815, London: Allen Lane, 2013/Penguin, 2014, . N.B. Leslie, Battle Honours of the British and Indian Armies 1695–1914, London: Leo Cooper, 1970, . Capt Wilfred Miles, History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1917, Vol III, The Battle of Cambrai, London: HM Stationery Office, 1948/Uckfield: Naval and Military Press, 2009, . Stephen M. Miller, Lord Methuen and the British Army: Failure and Redemption in South Africa, London: Frank Cass, 1999, . H.G. Parkyn, 'English Militia Regiments 1757–1935: Their Badges and Buttons', Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, Vol 15, No 60 (Winter 1936), pp. 216–248. Edward M. Spiers, The Army and Society 1815–1914, London: Longmans, 1980, . Edward M. Spiers, The Late Victorian Army 1868–1902, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992/Sandpiper Books, 1999, . J.R. Western, The English Militia in the Eighteenth Century: The Story of a Political Issue 1660–1802, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1965. Everard Wyrall, The Fiftieth Division 1914–1919'', London: Lund, Humphries, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 1999, . External sources British Civil War Project Historic England listings Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth – Regiments.org (archive site) Richard A. Warren, This Re-illuminated School of Mars: Auxiliary forces and other aspects of Albion under Arms in the Great War against France Staffordshire Militia Staffordshire Military units and formations in Staffordshire Military units and formations in Lichfield Military units and formations established in 1777	11,041
5707892	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922%E2%80%9323%20in%20English%20football	1922–23 in English football	The 1922–23 season was the 48th season of competitive football in England. Overview Liverpool retained the First Division title, but halfway through the season their manager David Ashworth left the club to take over at Oldham Athletic, who ended the season relegated. Honours Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition Football League First Division Second Division Third Division North Third Division South Top goalscorers First Division Charlie Buchan (Sunderland) – 30 goals Second Division Harry Bedford (Blackpool) – 32 goals Third Division North George Beel (Chesterfield) and Jimmy Carmichael (Grimsby Town) – 23 goals Third Division South Fred Pagnam (Watford) – 30 goals References	188
40507363	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbound%20Beast	Starbound Beast	Starbound Beast is the second studio album by Highland Park, California heavy metal band Huntress. It was released on July 2, 2013. Track listing Music by Huntress and lyrics by Jill Janus, except where noted. Personnel Huntress Jill Janus – vocals Blake Meahl – lead guitar Anthony Crocamo – rhythm guitar Ian Alden – bass Carl Wierzbicky – drums Production Zeuss - production, engineering, mixing, and mastering Vance Kelley - artwork and layout References 2013 albums Huntress (band) albums Napalm Records albums Albums produced by Chris "Zeuss" Harris	147
17449719	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katja%20Mragowska	Katja Mragowska	Katja Mragowska (born 1975) is a Polish-German artist based in Stuttgart. Art career She is self-taught and motivated by the fragile beauty of the human form. Mragowska has produced life-size metal and resin cast sculptures which she calls abstractions of the figure. Mragowska is currently in residence at Newcastle University in England. A recent work is a piece entitled Against Capitalism and Materialism or Bad Primark which depicts a six-foot androgynous figure obscured by layers of fabric and an excess of accessories. Her goal with this piece was to show how identity is sold to us, and how we are reduced to consumers whose real identities are lost or hidden behind the "stuff". Exhibitions Mragowska has exhibited at Stuttgart Paladium, Das Whorl, Stuttgart KunstCenter, The Poznan Institute of Contemporary Art and The Federation Gallery, Mexico. She has won awards including the Oleszczyński Prize for new Polish sculpture (2006) and the Bachhuber Prize (2007). Mragowska's main body of work is held in The Poznan Institute of Contemporary Art. References German sculptors German women artists 1975 births Living people	274
20292243	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthoot%20family	Muthoot family	The Muthoot family is one of the foremost business houses in South India. The family has interests in various sectors of business varying from financial services to media. The founder of the Muthoot Group was M.N. Mathai (who goes by N. Mathai Muthoot), from whom the business house was later taken over by his son, M. George Muthoot,. The family traces its roots to Thevervelil Family in the small town of Kozhencherry in Central Travancore. The Muthoot family are Christians belonging to the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, and is one of the most influential members among the Christian community in Kerala. M. G. George Muthoot, the third son of M. George Muthoot became the Trustee of the Malankara Orthodox Church in March 2007. (the first three generations give their names in the following order: [Father's Name - Name - Surname ], while the current generation of the family give their names in [Name - Surname - Father's Name] or [Name - Father's Name - Surname ]) See also George Alexander Muthoot References External links Muthoot Gold Point Business families of India Kerala families Muthoot Group	274
6950043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go-Bang	Go-Bang	Go-Bang is an English musical comedy with words by Adrian Ross and music by F. Osmond Carr. The piece was produced by Fred Harris and opened at the Trafalgar Square Theatre on 10 March 1894. It ran for 159 performances. The show starred Harry Grattan, George Grossmith, Jr., Arthur Playfair, Jessie Bond, and dancer Letty Lind. The American child prodigy "Baby Costello" danced in the interval between acts. Whereas Ross generally acted as lyricist only, in this case he created the book as well as the lyrics. Synopsis Dam Row, the Boojam-elect of the Asian country of Go-Bang, visits England to learn Western manners, escorted by Sir Reddan Tapeleigh. There, he finds that he is not Boojam after all. He falls in love with a dancer after seeing her performance, although he generally finds it difficult to grasp Western ways. He returns to Go-Bang as prime minister to the new chief, a humble greengrocer (previously Sir Reddan's footman), who is to be formally installed as Boojam at the palace in Go Bang. The parents of various girls scheme to marry their daughters to the Boojam. He must stand under the Golden Umbrella, where all decrees are announced, but finds himself married by mistake to three girls in as many minutes. Fortunately, the marriage decree is revoked. Sir Reddan's secretary loves Helen, Sir Reddan's daughter, and she helps him to find documents to prove that he is the rightful Boojam. Roles and original cast Jenkins (A greengrocer) – Harry Grattan Sir Reddan Tapeleigh, K.C.S.I. – Arthur Playfair Lieut. The Hon. Augustus Fitzpoop – George Grossmith, Jr. Wang (Guardian of the Golden Canopy) – Fred Storey Narain (Secretary to the Boojam – Edgar Stevens Dam Row (Boojam elect of Go-Bang) – John L. Shine Helen Tapeleigh (Daughter of Sir Reddan) – Jessie Bond Lady Fritterleigh (Widow of an Indian official) – Agnes Hewitt Sarah Anne (Housemaid to Sir Reddan) – Adelaide Astor Flo, Belle and Daisy Wedderburn (Sisters of Lady Fritterleigh) – Lydia Flopp, Maggie Roberts and Maud Lockett Di Dalrymple (Premiere danseuse of the Vanity Theatre) – Letty Lind Candidates, waiters, nobles and people of Go-Bang, soldiers, etc. Reception A review of the piece spoofed the loose plot (though praising it) in the following verse: There is certainly not very much of a plot In the musical farce of Go-Bang, But, as someone remarks in the course of the larks, Here the plot "doesn't matter a hang!" For the music is light, and the dresses are bright, And the ladies are shapely and tall; There is dancing and song, and the skirts aren't too long, And there's frequently no skirt at all. The Times found the plot laboured and the satire heavy-handed, but praised the songs, Letty Lind's dancing, Grattan's and Grossmith's portrayals and Bond's singing. The most popular song was Lind's song "Di, Di, Di", and Lind earned the highest praise from The Observer. Notes External links Information about Morocco Bound and Go Bang at the c20th.com website Reviews of Go Bang with photos at the footlightnotes website BroadwayWorld production page for Go-Bang Archer, William. "Go-Bang–Chapter XII", The Theatrical "World", London: Walter Scott, Limited (1894-1898), pp. 80–85 List of shows opening in London in 1894 at the NODA website Go Bang West End musicals Original musicals British musicals Musicals set in England Musicals set in fictional countries Musicals set in Asia	873
36227860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberian%20exodus	Liberian exodus	The Liberian exodus refers to the emigration of over 200 black people from South Carolina to Liberia on board the Azor in 1878. Interest in emigration had been growing among blacks throughout the South since the political campaign of 1876 and the overthrow of the Radical Republican government. Congressman Richard H. Cain called for a million men to leave the injustices they suffered in the United States, for Africa. In 1877, the Liberian Exodus Joint Stock Steamship Company was formed in Charleston, South Carolina with a fund of $6,000. Blacks began arriving in January 1878. The company then purchased a bark called the Azor, which arrived in Charleston in March. On April 21, the Azor set sail with 206 emigrants. A young reporter for the News and Courier, A.B. Williams, accompanied the emigrants all the way to Monrovia and wrote a comprehensive account of the voyage. The management committed several serious blunders which resulted in the deaths of 23 of the emigrants before they reached Africa. The water supply gave out shortly before arrival. Intended to last the emigrants six months after they started their new lives in Liberia, the food supply was of poor quality and was consumed entirely on the journey. Contrary to law, no physician was on board. One of the organizers, George Curtis, volunteered to serve as physician, but had no medical knowledge. He carried a copy of The Mariner's Medical Guide and improvised from the ship's medicine chest as well as he could. The Azor stopped at Sierra Leone for supplies on May 19, and arrived at Monrovia on June 3, a journey totaling 42 days. In Liberia, many of the new emigrants found themselves impoverished and without supplies, and had to depend on charity. Enthusiasm for the Liberian exodus had been fed partly by exaggerated reports of the land's fertility, including claims that potatoes grew so large that a single one could feed a family for a day, and that certain trees produced bacon. Upon arrival, the passengers discovered that these claims were not true. Eighteen returned on the Monrovia in December 1879, reporting that not a single passenger of the Azor would stay in Liberia if he had the means to return to the U.S. The Azor's stop at Sierra Leone incurred heavy, unforeseen expenses, creating a debt that the Liberian Exodus Company was unable to pay. The company announced a second voyage in early 1879, charging passengers fares rather than selling stock. However, due to the company's financial mismanagement, reports of the fatalities on the first voyage, and reports of the miserable conditions of the emigrants in Liberia, no second voyage ever took place. Success did come for many of the emigrants however and by 1880, most had found a livelihood and did not wish to return to the United States. By 1890, the Azor's passengers were well represented among Liberia's most prominent citizens. Saul Hill, an earlier immigrant from York, South Carolina, established a successful, 700-acre coffee farm. Clement Irons, also of Charleston, built the first steamship constructed in Liberia. The Reverend David Frazier opened a coffee farm with 20,000 trees and was elected to the Liberian Senate in 1891. One passenger, Daniel Frank Tolbert, originally of a town called Ninety Six in Greenwood County, was the grandfather of President William R. Tolbert, Jr. References African-American history of South Carolina History of Liberia 1878 in South Carolina American emigrants to Liberia	732
9819265	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holger%20Marius%20Nielsen	Holger Marius Nielsen	Holger Marius Nielsen (1905–1993) was an official of the Danish Ministry of Education. He was one of the editors of the Dictionary of the Danish Language (Ordbog over det Danske Sprog), which was edited and published from 1919 until 1956 in 28 volumes and is available on the internet. He was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog in 1965 after having been the chairman of a ministerial working group preparing a new bill on the education of Danish teachers in primary school. The bill was adopted by the Danish Parliament in 1966. He retired from his duties with the Ministry of Education in 1973. Holger Marius Nielsen was the son of Peder Adolf Nielsen (1872–1962) and Caroline Marie Nielsen (1873–1937). He grew up with his two brothers, Axel Nielsen (1902–1970) and Povl Erik Nielsen (1909–1995) in Glostrup, 10 kilometres west of Copenhagen. He married Ellen Ingeborg Marie Andersen (1904–1983) and had two children, Jørgen Erik Nielsen (1933–2007) and Inge Lise Nielsen (born 1935). Sources and links Ordbog over det danske sprog Lov nr. 235 af 8. juni 1966 om uddannelse af lærere til folkeskolen Danish knights 1905 births 1993 deaths People from Glostrup Municipality	306

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