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kp-eb0901-000101-0016m
A, THE first symbol of every Indo-European alphabet, denotes also the primary vowel sound. This coincidence is probably only accidental. The alphabets of Europe, and perhaps of India also, were of Semitic origin, and in all the Semitic alphabets except one, this same symbol (in modified forms) holds the first place; bu...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
A
kp-eb0901-000201-0017m
AA, the name of about forty small European rivers. The word is derived from the old German aha, cognate to the Latin agua, water. The following are the more important streams of this name :—a river of Holland, in North Brabant, which joins the Dommel at Bois-le-Duc; two rivers in the west of Russia, both falling into t...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AA
kp-eb0901-000202-0017m
AACHEN. See Aix-La-Chapelle.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AACHEN
kp-eb0901-000203-0017m
AALBORG, a city and seaport of Denmark, is situated on the Liimfiord, about 15 miles from its junction with the Cattegat. It is the capital of the district of the same name, one of the subdivisions of the province of Jütland. The city is a place of considerable commercial importance, and contains a cathedral and a scho...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AALBORG
kp-eb0901-000204-0017m
AALEN, a walled town of Würtemberg, pleasantly situated on the Kocher, at the foot of the Swabian Alps, about 50 miles E. of Stuttgart. Woollen and linen goods are manufactured, and there are ribbon looms and tanneries in the town, and large iron works in the neighbourhood. Aalen was a free imperial city from 1360 till...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AALEN
kp-eb0901-000205-0017m
AAR, or Aare, the most considerable river in Switzerland, after the Rhine and Rhone. It rises in the glaciers [9:1:3] of the Finster-aarhorn, Schreckhorn, and Grimsel, in the canton of Bern; and at the Handeck in the valley of Hash forms a magnificent water-fall of above 150 feet in height. It then falls successively i...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AAR
kp-eb0901-000301-0018m
AARAU, the chief town of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, is situated at the foot of the Jura mountains, on the right bank of the river Aar, 41 miles N.E. of Bern. It is well built, and contains a town-hall, barracks, several small museums, and a library rich in histories of Switzerland. There is a cannon foundry a...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AARAU
kp-eb0901-000302-0018m
AARD-VARK(earth-pig), an animal very common in South Africa, measuring upwards of three feet in length, and having a general resemblance to a short-legged pig. It feeds on ants, and is of nocturnal habits, and very timid and harmless. Its flesh is used as food, and when suitably preserved is considered a delicacy. The ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AARD-VARK(earth-pig)
kp-eb0901-000303-0018m
AARGAU (French, Argovie), one of the cantons of Switzerland, derives its name from the river which flows through it, Aar-gau being the province or district of the Aar. It is bounded on the north by the Rhine, which divides it from the duchy of Baden, on the east by Zurich and Zug, on the south by Lucerne, and on the we...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AARGAU (French
kp-eb0901-000304-0018m
AARHUUS, a city and seaport of Denmark, situated on the Cattegat, in lat. 56° 9' N., long. 10° 12' E. It is the chief town of a fertile district of the same name, one of the subdivisions of Jutland. The cathedral of Aarhuus is a Gothic structure, and the largest church in Denmark. The town also contains a lyceum, museu...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
56 9' N 10 12' E
AARHUUS
kp-eb0901-000305-0018m
AARON, the first high-priest of the Jews, eldest son of Amram and Jochebed, of the tribe of Levi, and brother of Moses and Miriam. When Moses was commissioned to conduct the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan, Aaron was appointed to assist him, principally, it would appear, on account of his possessing, in a high degree, ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AARON
kp-eb0901-000401-0019m
AARSSENS, Francis Van (1572-1641), one of the greatest diplomatists of the United Provinces. He represented the States-General at the Court of France for many years, and was also engaged in embassies to Venice, Germany, and England. His great diplomatic ability appears from the memoirs he wrote of his negotiations in 1...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
AARSSENS
kp-eb0901-000402-0019m
ABABDE, an African tribe occupying the country between the Red Sea and the Nile, to the S. of Kosseir, nearly as far as the latitude of Derr. Many of the race have settled on the eastern bank of the Nile, but the greater part still live like Bedouins. They are a distinct race from the Arabs, and are treacherous and fai...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABABDE
kp-eb0901-000403-0019m
ABACA or Abaka, a name given to the Musa textilis, the plant that produces the fibre called Manilla Hemp, and also to the fibre itself.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABACA or Abaka
kp-eb0901-000404-0019m
ABACUS, an architectural term (from the Gr. άβαξ, a tray or flat board) applied to the upper part of the capital of a column, pier, &c. The early form of an abacus is simply a square flat stone, probably derived from the Tuscan order. In Saxon work it is frequently simply chamfered, but sometimes grooved, as in the cry...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABACUS
kp-eb0901-000405-0019m
ABAe, a town of ancient Greece in the E. of Phocis, famous for a temple and oracle of Apollo. The temple was plundered and burned by the Persians (b.c. 480), and again by the Boeotians (b.c. 346), and was restored on a smaller scale by Hadrian. Remains of the temple and town may still be traced on a peaked hill near Ex...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABAe
kp-eb0901-000406-0019m
ABAKANSK, a fortified town of Siberia, in the government of Yeniseisk, on the river Abakan, near its confluence with the Yenisei. Lat. 54° N.; long. 91° 14' E. This is considered the mildest and most salubrious place in Siberia, and is remarkable for the tumuli in its neighbourhood, and for some statues of men from sev...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
54 N 91 14' E
ABAKANSK
kp-eb0901-000407-0019m
ABANCAY, a town of Peru, in the department of Cuzco, 65 miles W.S.W. of the town of that name. It lies on the river Abancay, which is here spanned by one of the finest bridges in Peru. Rich crops of sugar-cane are produced in the district, and the town has extensive sugar refineries. Hemp is also cultivated, and silver...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABANCAY
kp-eb0901-000408-0019m
ABANDONMENT, in Marine Assurance, is the surrendering of the ship or goods insured to the insurers, in the case of a constructive total loss of the thing insured. There is an absolute total loss entitling the assured to recover the full amount of his insurance wherever the thing insured has ceased to exist to any usefu...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABANDONMENT
kp-eb0901-000501-0020m
ABANO, a town of Northern Italy, 6 miles S.W. of Padua. There are thermal springs in the neighbourhood, which have been much resorted to by invalids for bathing, both in ancient and modern times. They were called by the Romans Aponi Fons, and also Aquae Patavinae. Population of Abano, 3000.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABANO
kp-eb0901-000502-0020m
ABANO, Pietro d', known also as Petrus de Apono or Aponensis, a distinguished physician and philosopher, was born at the Italian town from which he takes his name in 1250, or, according to others, in 1246. After visiting the east in order to acquire the Greek language, he went to study at Paris, where he became a docto...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABANO
kp-eb0901-000503-0020m
ABARIS, the Hyperborean, a celebrated sage of antiquity, who visited Greece about 570 b.c., or, according to others, a century or two earlier. The particulars of his history are differently related by different authors, but all accounts are more or less mythical. He is said to have travelled over sea and land, riding o...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABARIS
kp-eb0901-000504-0020m
ABATEMENT, Abate, from the French abattre, abater, to throw down, demolish. The original meaning of the word is preserved in various legal phrases. The abatement of a nuisance is the remedy allowed by law to a person injured by a public nuisance of destroying or removing it by his own act, provided he commit no breach ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABATEMENT
kp-eb0901-000505-0020m
ABATI, or Dell’Abbato, Niccolo, a celebrated fresco-painter of Modena, born in 1512. His best works are at Modena and Bologna, and have been highly praised by Zanotti, Algarotti, and Lanzi. He accompanied Primaticcio to France, and assisted in decorating the palace at Fontain-bleau (1552-1571). His pictures exhibit a c...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABATI
kp-eb0901-000506-0020m
ABATTOIR, from abattre, primarily signifies a slaughterhouse proper, or place where animals are killed as distinguished from boucheries and étaux publics, places where the dead meat is offered for sale. But the term is also employed to designate a complete meat market, of which the abattoir proper is merely part. Perh...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABATTOIR
kp-eb0901-000701-0022m
ABAUZIT, Firmin, a learned Frenchman, was born of Protestant parents at Uzès, in Languedoc, in 1679. His father, who was of Arabian descent, died when he was but two years of age; and when, on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, the authorities took steps to have him educated in the Roman Catholic faith, his...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABAUZIT
kp-eb0901-000801-0023m
ABB, a town of Yemen in Arabia, situated on a mountain in the midst of a very fertile country, 73 miles N.E. of Mocha. Lat. 13° 58' N., long. 44° 15' E. It contains about 800 houses, and is surrounded by a strong wall; the streets are well paved; and an aqueduct from a neighbouring mountain supplies it with water, whic...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
13 58' N 44 15' E
ABB
kp-eb0901-000802-0023m
ABBADIE, James, an eminent Protestant divine, was born at Nay in Bern about 1657. His parents were poor, but through the kindness of discerning friends, he received an excellent education. He prosecuted his studies with such success, that on completing his course at Sedan, though only seventeen years of age, he had con...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBADIE
kp-eb0901-000803-0023m
ABBAS I., surnamed the Great, one of the most celebrated of the sovereigns of Persia, was the youngest son of Shah Mohammed Khodabendeh. After heading a successful rebellion against his father, and causing one of his brothers (or, as some say, both) to be assassinated, he obtained possession of the throne at the early ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBAS I
kp-eb0901-000804-0023m
ABBAS MIRZA (b. 1785, d. 1833), Prince of Persia, third son of the Shah Feth Ali, was destined by his father to succeed him in the government, because of his mother’s connection with the royal tribe of the Khadjars. He led various expeditions against the Russians, but generally without success (1803, 1813, 1826). By a ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBAS MIRZA (b
kp-eb0901-000805-0023m
ABBASSIDES, the caliphs of Baghdad, the most famous dynasty of the sovereigns of the Mahometan or Saracen empire. They derived their name and descent from Abbas (b. 566, d. 652 a.d.), the uncle and adviser of Mahomet, and succeeded the dynasty of the Ommiads, th( caliphs of Damascus. Early in the 8th century the family...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBASSIDES
kp-eb0901-000901-0024m
ABBÉ is the French word corresponding to Abbot, but, from the middle of the sixteenth century to the time of the French Revolution, the term had a wider application. The assumption by a numerous class of the name and style of abbé appears to have originated in the right conceded to the King of France, by a concordat be...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBÉ is the French word corresponding to Abbot
kp-eb0901-000902-0024m
ABBEOKUTA, or Abeokuta, a town of West Africa in the Yoruba Country, situated in N. lat. 7° 8', and E. long. 3 o 25', on the Ogun River, about 50 miles north of Lagos, in a direct line, or 81 miles by water. It lies in a beautiful and fertile country, the surface of which is broken by masses of grey granite. Like most ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
7 8' N 3 E
ABBEOKUTA
kp-eb0901-000903-0024m
ABBESS, the female superior of an abbey or convent of nuns. The mode of election, position, rights, and authority of an abbess, correspond generally with those of an abbot. The office was elective, the choice being by the secret votes of the sisters from their own body. The abbess was solemnly admitted to her office by...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBESS
kp-eb0901-001001-0025m
ABBEVILLE, a city of France, in the department of the Somme, is situated on the River Somme, 12 miles from its mouth in the English Channel, and 25 miles N.W. of Amiens. It lies in a pleasant and fertile valley, and is built partly on an island, and partly on both sides of the river. The streets are narrow, and the hou...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBEVILLE
kp-eb0901-001002-0025m
ABBEY, a monastery, or conventual establishment, under the government of an abbot or an abbess. A priory only differed from an abbey in that the superior bore the name of prior instead of abbot. This was the case in all the English conventual cathedrals, e.g., Canterbury, Ely, Norwich, &c., where the archbishop or bish...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBEY
kp-eb0901-002201-0037m
ABBIATE GRASSO, a town in the north of Italy, near the Ticino, 14 miles W.S.W. of Milan. It has silk manufactures, and contains about 5000 inhabitants.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBIATE GRASSO
kp-eb0901-002202-0037m
ABBON of Fleury. or Abbo Floriacensis, a learned Frenchman, born near Orleans in 945. He distinguished himself in the schools of Paris and Rheims, and was a proficient in science, as known in his time. After spending two years in England, assisting Archbishop Oswald of York in restoring the monastic system, he returned...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBON of Fleury
kp-eb0901-002203-0037m
ABBOT, the head and chief governor of a community of monks, called also in the East Archimandrita, from mandra, “a fold,” or Hegumenos. The name abbot is derived from the Hebrew אב, Ab, or father, through the Syriac Abba. It had its origin in the monasteries of Syria, whence it spread through the East, and soon became ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBOT
kp-eb0901-002501-0040m
ABBOT, Charles, speaker of the House of Commons from 1802 to 1817, afterwards created Lord Colchester. See Colchester.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBOT
kp-eb0901-002502-0040m
ABBOT, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born October 19, 1562, at Guildford in Surrey, where his father was a cloth-worker. He studied at Balliol College, Oxford, and was chosen Master of University College in 1597. He was three times appointed to the office of Vice-Chancellor of the University. When in 1604 the v...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBOT
kp-eb0901-002503-0040m
ABBOT, George, known as “The Puritan,” has been oddly and persistently mistaken for others. He has been described as a clergyman, which he never was, and as son of Sir Morris Abbot, and his writings accordingly entered in the bibliographical authorities as by the nephew of the Archbishop of Canterbury. One of the sons ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBOT
kp-eb0901-002504-0040m
ABBOT, Robert. Noted as this Puritan divine was in his own time, and representative in various ways, he has hitherto been confounded with others, as Robert Abbot, Bishop of Salisbury, and his personality distributed over a Robert Abbot of Cranbrook; another of Southwick, Hants; a third of St Austin’s, London; while the...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBOT
kp-eb0901-002601-0041m
ABBOTSFORD, the celebrated residence of Sir Walter Scott, situated on the south bank of the river Tweed, about three miles above Melrose. The nucleus of the property was a small farm of 100 acres, with the “inharmonious designation” of Clarty Hole, acquired by Scott on the lapse of his lease (1811) of the neighbouring ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBOTSFORD
kp-eb0901-002602-0041m
ABBOTSFORD CLUB, one of the principal printing clubs, was founded in 1834 by Mr W. B. D. D. Turnbull, and named in honour of Sir Walter Scott. Taking a wider range than its predecessors, the Bannatyne and Maitland Clubs, it did not confine its printing (as remarked by Mr Lockhart) to works connected with Scotland, but ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBOTSFORD CLUB
kp-eb0901-002603-0041m
ABBREVIATION, a letter or group of letters, taken from a word or words, and employed to represent them for the sake of brevity. Abbreviations, both of single words and of phrases, having a meaning more or less fixed and recognised, are common in ancient writings and inscriptions, and very many are in use at the present...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBREVIATION
kp-eb0901-002901-0044m
ABBREVIATORS, a body of writers in the Papal Chancery, whose business is to sketch out and prepare in due form the Pope’s bulls, briefs, and consistorial decrees. [9:1:30] They are first mentioned in a bull of Benedict XII., early in the 14th century. Their number is fixed at seventy-two, of whom twelve, distinguished...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, a...
ABBREVIATORS
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Dataset Card for EB9

Encyclopædia Britannica (EB) is the most prestigious reference work in English. This dataset contains the text of the entries from the 9th edition (EB9) as well automatically extracted geographical coordinates.

The original text comes from the Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project

Data Instances

Each sample is a JSON dictionnary with id, the entry ID in the Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project nomenclature, texte, the text of the entry and coords, the coordinates if any, and a disclaimer, as for example:

{'id': 'kp-eb0901-000304-0018m',
 'texte': "AARHUUS, a city and seaport of Denmark, situated on the Cattegat, in lat. 56° 9' N., long. 10° 12' E. It is the chief town of a fertile district of the same name, one of the subdivisions of Jutland. The cathedral of Aarhuus is a Gothic structure, and the largest church in Denmark. The town also contains a lyceum, museum, and library. Aarhuus is a place of extensive trade. It has a good and safe harbour, has regular steam communication with Copenhagen, and is connected by rail with Viborg and the interior of the country. Agricultural produce, spirits, leather, and gloves are exported, and there are sugar refineries, and manufactures of wool, cotton, and tobacco. Population (1870), 15,020.",
 'disclaimer': "ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, NINTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT\n TRANSCRIPTION (v1.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2025\n 19kp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/.\n\n License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.\n\n Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences,\n and General Literature. 9th ed., 25 vols. NY: Charles Scribner's\n Sons, 1875-1889. (Authorized edition.) Image scans: Internet Archive.\n\n This entry: 9th edition, volume 1, page 3 [9:1:3]",
 'coords': "56 9' N 10 12' E"}
}
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