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H: Can 2 dimensional input be applied to SVM?
When considering Support Vector Machine, in an take in multiple inputs. Can each of these inputs be a vector??
What i am trying to say is, can the input be a 2 dimensional vector??
AI: If I understand your question correctly. Yes, SVM can take multiple inputs. My suggestio... |
H: What is the best Big-Data framework for stream processing?
I found that Apache-Storm, Apache-Spark, Apache-Flink and TIBCO StreamBase are some powerful frameworks for stream processing. but I don't know which one of them has the best performance and capabilities.
I know Apache-Spark and Apache-Flink are two general... |
H: Can distribution values of a target variable be used as features in cross-validation?
I came across an SVM predictive model where the author used the probabilistic distribution value of the target variable as a feature in the feature set. For example:
The author built a model for each gesture of each player to gues... |
H: Can we access HDFS file system and YARN scheduler in Apache Spark?
We can access HDFS file system and YARN scheduler In the Apache-Hadoop. But Spark has a higher level of coding. Is it possible to access HDFS and YARN in Apache-Spark too?
Thanks
AI: Yes.
There are examples on spark official document: https://spark.... |
H: Pre-processing (center, scale, impute) among training sets (different forms) and the test set - what is a good approach?
I am currently working on a multi-class classification problem with a large training set. However, it has some specific characteristics, which induced me to experiment with it, resulting in few v... |
H: How to compute F1 score?
Recently I read about path ranking algorithm in a paper (source: Knowledge Vault: A Web-Scale Approach to Probabilistic Knowledge Fusion).
In this paper was a table (Table 3) with facts and I tried to understand how they were calculated.
F1 (harmonic mean of precision and recall) = 0.04
P ... |
H: Machine learning for Point Clouds Lidar data
Our main use case is object detection in 3d lidar point clouds i.e. data is not in RGB-D format. We are planning to use CNN for this purpose using theano. Hardware limitations are CPU: 32 GB RAM Intel 47XX 4th Gen core i7 and GPU: Nvidia quadro k1100M 2GB. Kindly help me... |
H: Proper way of fighting negative outputs of a regression algorithms where output must be positive all the way
Maybe it is a bit general question. I am trying to solve various regression tasks and I try various algorithms for them. For example, multivariate linear regression or an SVR. I know that the output can't be... |
H: What is a discrimination threshold of binary classifier?
With respect to ROC can anyone please tell me what the phrase "discrimination threshold of binary classifier system" means? I know what a binary classifier is.
AI: Just to add a bit.
Like it was mentioned before, if you have a classifier (probabilistic) your ... |
H: How to determine whether a bad performance is caused by data quality?
I'm using a set of features, says $X_1, X_2, ..., X_m $, to predict a target value $Y$, which is a continuous value from zero to one.
At first, I try to use a linear regression model to do the prediction, but it does not perform well. The root-me... |
H: Python for data analytics
What are some data analytic package & feature in python which helps do data analytic?
AI: You're looking for this answer: https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Python-a-language-of-choice-for-data-scientists |
H: Machine Learning on financial big data
Disclaimer: although I know some things about big data and am currently learning some other things about machine learning, the specific area that I wish to study is vague, or at least appears vague to me now. I'll do my best to describe it, but this question could still be cat... |
H: Dividing percentage
A book I'm now reading, "Apache Mahout Cookbook" by Pierro Giacomelli, states that
To avoid [this], you need to divide the vector files into two sets called the 80-20 split <...>
A good dividing percentage is shown to be 80% and 20%.
Is there a strict statistical proof of this being the bes... |
H: Best Python library for statistical inference
I'm curious if anyone has Python library suggestions for inferential statistics. I'm currently reading An Introduction to Statistical Learning, which uses R for the example code, but ideally I'd like to use Python as well.
Most of my data experience is with Pandas, Mat... |
H: Applications and differences for Jaccard similarity and Cosine Similarity
Jaccard similarity and cosine similarity are two very common measurements while comparing item similarities. However, I am not very clear in what situation which one should be preferable than another.
Can somebody help clarify the differences... |
H: Kaggle Titanic Survival Table an example of Naive Bayes?
is the survival table classification method on the Kaggle Titanic dataset an example of an implementation of Naive Bayes ? I am asking because I am reading up on Naive Bayes and the basic idea is as follows:
"Find out the probability of the previously unseen ... |
H: R Programing beginner
Hi I am new to Data analytics.I am planning to learn R by doing some real time projects. How should I stream line (set goals) my time in learning R and also I have not learnt statistics till data. I am planning to learn both side by side. I am mid level data warehouse engineer who has experien... |
H: When it is time to use Hadoop?
Hadoop is a buzzword now. A lot of start-ups use it (or just say, that they use it), a lot of widely known companies use it. But when and what is the border? When person can say: "Better to solve it without Hadoop"?
AI: It's an economic calculation, really. When you have a computing ... |
H: What is a good hardware setup for using Python across multiple users
This question is likely somewhat naive. I know I (and my colleagues) can install and use Python on local machines. But is that really a best practice? I have no idea.
Is there value in setting up a Python "server"? A box on the network where we... |
H: How to visualize multivariate regression results
Are there commonly accepted ways to visualize the results of a multivariate regression for a non-quantitative audience? In particular, I'm asking how one should present data on coefficients and T statistics (or p-values) for a regression with around 5 independent var... |
H: Splitting binary classification into smaller susbsets
As an example. If you are tying to classify humans from dogs. Is it possible to approach this problem by classifying different kinds of animals (birds, fish, reptiles, mammals, ...) or even smaller subsets (dogs, cats, whales, lions, ...)
Then when you try to c... |
H: Going from report to feature matrix
I am starting to play around in datamining / machine learning and I am stuck on a problem that's probably easy.
So I have a report that lists the url and the number of visits a person did. So a combination of ip and url result in an amount of visits.
Now I want to run the k-means... |
H: Big data and data mining for CRM?
We are currently developing a customer relationship management software for SME's. What I'd like to structure for our future CRM is developing CRM with a social-based approach (Social CRM). Therefore we will provide our users (SME's) to integrate their CRM into their social network... |
H: strings as features in decision tree/random forest
I am doing some problems on an application of decision tree/random forest. I am trying to fit a problem which has numbers as well as strings (such as country name) as features. Now the library, scikit-learn takes only numbers as parameters, but I want to inject the... |
H: Where can I find resources and papers regarding Data Science in the area of Public Health
I'm quite new to Data Science, but I would like to do a project to learn more about it.
My subject will be Data Understanding in Public Health.
So I want to do some introductory research to public health.
I would like to visua... |
H: problem of choosing right statistical method for scheduler prediction
I am struggling to choose a right data prediction method for the following problem.
Essentially I am trying to model a scheduler operation, trying to predict its scheduling without knowing the scheduling mechanism and having incomplete data.
(1)... |
H: Matrix factorization for like/dislike/unknown data
Most literature focus on either explicit rating data or implicit (like/unknown) data. Are there any good publications to handle like/dislike/unknown data? That is, in the data matrix there are three values, and I'd like to recommend from unknown entries.
And are th... |
H: How to test/validate unlabeled data in association rules in R?
I produced association rules by using the arules package (apriori). I'm left with +/- 250 rules. I would like to test/validate the rules that I have, like answering the question: How do I know that these association rules are true? How can I validate th... |
H: What is an 'old name' of data scientist?
Terms like 'data science' and 'data scientist' are increasingly used these days.
Many companies are hiring 'data scientist'. But I don't think it's a completely new job.
Data have existed from the past and someone had to deal with data.
I guess the term 'data scientist' bec... |
H: Combining data sets without using row.name
I start with a data.frame (or a data_frame) containing my dependent Y variable for analysis, my independent X variables, and some "Z" variables -- extra columns that I don't need for my modeling exercise.
What I would like to do is:
Create an analysis data set without the... |
H: Does reinforcement learning only work on grid world?
Does reinforcement learning always need a grid world problem to be applied to?
Can anyone give me any other example of how reinforcement learning can be applied to something which does not have a grid world scenario?
AI: The short answer is no! Reinforcement Lear... |
H: Do you have to normalize data when building decision trees using R?
So, our data set this week has 14 attributes and each column has very different values. One column has values below 1 while another column has values that go from three to four whole digits.
We learned normalization last week and it seems like you'... |
H: R in production
Many of us are very familiar with using R in reproducible, but very much targeted, ad-hoc analysis. Given that R is currently the best collection of cutting-edge scientific methods from world-class experts in each particular field, and given that plenty of libraries exist for data io in R, it seems ... |
H: Interested in Mathematical Statistics... where to start from?
I have been working in the last years with statistics and have gone pretty deep in programming with R. I have however always felt that I wasn't completely grasping what I was doing, still understanding all passages and procedures conceptually.
I wanted t... |
H: How are neural nets related to Fourier transforms?
This is an interview question
How are neural nets related to Fourier transforms?
I could find papers that talk about methods to process the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) by a single-layer neural network with a linear transfer function. Is there some other corr... |
H: How can the performance of a neural network vary considerably without changing any parameters?
I am training a neural network with 1 sigmoid hidden layer and a linear output layer. The network simply approximates a cosine function. The weights are initiliazed according to Nguyen-Widrow initialization and the biases... |
H: Implementation of Association Rules in Javascript
I have implemented an interactive visualization with d3.js, javascript to explore the frequency and various combinations of co-occurring item sets. I want to complement the interactive exploration with some automated options.
Does someone know an efficient javascrip... |
H: Need help with python code as part of a data analysis project
I am new to python programming. As part of a data analysis project, I am trying to get a scatter plot of Salary vs Wins for each year of 4 consecutive years (so I am trying to get 4 different scatter plots, one for each year). I am using the following co... |
H: Does pruning a decision tree always make it more general?
If I prune a decision tree, does that make the resulting decision tree always more general than the original decision tree?
Are there examples where this is not the case?
AI: If you filter something out by choosing one branch over another branch in the tree,... |
H: Measuring similarity for sets with same cardinality
The Jaccard coefficient measures similarity between finite sample sets, and is defined as the size of the intersection divided by the size of the union of the sample sets.
I had 100 sets all of same cardinality. By mistake I calculated the similarity measures as t... |
H: Time series change rate calculations for displaying trend line chart
I'm struggling to find a solution to produce a line chart which shows a trend from a Time Series metric.
I try to make my line chart look similar to the following:
Basically, I want to make use of relative change rates, but I struggle to find a ... |
H: Data Science in C (or C++)
I'm an R language programmer. I'm also in the group of people who are considered Data Scientists but who come from academic disciplines other than CS.
This works out well in my role as a Data Scientist, however, by starting my career in R and only having basic knowledge of other scripting... |
H: Best way to format data for supervised machine learning ranking predictions
I'm fairly new to machine learning, but I'm doing my best to learn as much as possible.
I am curious about how predicting athlete performance (runners in particular) in a race of a specific starting lineup. For instance, if RunnerA, RunnerB... |
H: Which book is the best for introduction to analysis social network using python3
I am a beginner studying social network analysis.
I installed python 3 just 2 weeks ago.
There are a lot of books for python and social network analysis.
I couldn't choose one of them.
I found one book named "Mining the Social Web (Ana... |
H: How does SQL Server Analysis Services compare to R?
This may be too broad of a question with heavy opinions, but I really am finding it hard to seek information about running various algorithms using SQL Server Analysis Service Data Mining projects versus using R. This is mainly because all the data science guys I ... |
H: How to create and format an image dataset from scratch for machine learning?
I've only worked with ML with .csv formats. I've worked with image formats too but only premade imagesets (MNIST,etc). If I were to create an imageset from scratch, how are the class labels typically formated? Would I have to manually titl... |
H: In a SVD with user/video bias, why is the UV contribute so small?
I'm testing a SVD-based collaborative filter on my data set, in which the label, $r_{ij}$, is a real value from 0 to 1.
Like the many papers suggested, to have a better performance, instead of using $ \hat{R} = U \cdot V^T $ directly, I use $\hat{R} ... |
H: How to generate synthetic dataset using machine learning model learnt with original dataset?
Generally, the machine learning model is built on datasets. I'd like to know if there is any way to generate synthetic dataset using such trained machine learning model preserving original dataset characteristics?
[original... |
H: how to modify sparse survey dataset with empty data points?
I am working on a data set where the categorical variables have lots of empty spaces (not "NA" but ""). For example, one variable has 14587 empty spaces out of 14644 observations. There are many such variables where most of the observations are empty.In fa... |
H: What is the term for when a model acts on the thing being modeled and thus changes the concept?
I'm trying to see if there is a conventional term for this concept to help me in my literature research and writing. When a machine learning model causes an action to be taken in the real world that affects future insta... |
H: Do data scientists use Excel?
I would consider myself a journeyman data scientist. Like most (I think), I made my first charts and did my first aggregations in high school and college, using Excel. As I went through college, grad school and ~7 years of work experience, I quickly picked up what I consider to be mo... |
H: SAS. How to write "OR"
How to write "OR" in this example?
DATA a1;
set a;
if var1=1 OR 2;
run;
P.S. va1 is the categorial (with categories: 1, 2, 3)
AI: i'm assuming this will be migrated to stack overflow, but instead of trying to do if var1=1 or 2 wouldn't it be better to use if var1 in (1, 2)?
...and somebody wi... |
H: Building a static local website using Rmarkdown: step by step procedure
I am trying to understand the procedure of building a static local website using R and Rmarkdown. I am aware of a Rmarkdown website where the procedure is outlined, but unfortunately I do not understand the steps.
Does anybody here have some e... |
H: Possibility of working on KDDCup data in local system
I'm trying to apply classification algorithms to KDD Cup 2012 track2 data using R
http://www.kddcup2012.org/c/kddcup2012-track2
It seems not possible to work with this 10GB training data on my local system with 4GB RAM.
Can anyone work on this data using this ki... |
H: Correlations - Get values in the way we want
I have :
a matrix X with N lines
a vector Y
I've computed the Euclidean distance with Y for each line of X.
What I get is a vector of distances.
What I want is a vector of scores between 0 and 1, 1 meaning "very" high correlation, 0 meaning "no" correlation.
Here what ... |
H: SAS PROC means (two variants together)
PROC means data=d mean;
var a;
class b; var a;
run;
I want to perform the "PROC means" for continuous "var a":
1) in general and
2) by classes.
But it performed by the classes only.
How to make procedure for "var a" here in general too?
P.S. SAS WARNING: Analysis variable "a... |
H: about predict the class for a new datapoint
I have a new data point and want to classify it into the existing classes.I can calculate pairwise distance for the new point to all existing points(in the existing classes). I know using KNN would be a straightforward to classify this point. Is there a way I could random... |
H: Pandas time series optimization problem: add year
I have a pandas DataFrame containing a time series column. The years are shifted in the past, so that I have to add a constant number of years to every element of that column.
The best way I found is to iterate through all the records and use
x.replace(year=x.year +... |
H: Finding predictions using biglm without finding errors
I'm using the biglm R package for linear regression.
click/impression is the output required. But the test data does not contain click and impression.
The predict function of biglm gives the error
Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : object 'click' not found... |
H: What are some good sources to learn fraud/anomaly detection in normal/time-series data?
I would like to know more on fraud/anomaly detection. I am looking for good source or survey article/book etc out there which will give me some preliminary idea of the area.
Any suggestion is greatly appreciated.
Thanks
AI: Usu... |
H: percentage of confidance on desion trees results
I am looking towards a solution where classification algorithms produce output with some confidence value. but I am confused whether classification algorithms are able to produce results with percentage of confidence?
Thanks
AI: Some classification algorithms can in... |
H: Finding frequencies in a noisy, "uneven" dataset
I'm working on a problem where frequency analysis applies (decomposition of a signal into frequencies, that is), but it's noisy and the samples are unevenly spaced.
Specifically: given a list of items purchased at a bar/restaurant, try to estimate the number of guest... |
H: Can someone explain the following error in my python code?
I am analyzing a dataset in Python for strictly learning purpose.
In the code below that I wrote, I am getting some errors which I cannot get rid off. Here is the code first:
plt.plot(decade_mean.index, decade_mean.values, 'o-',color='r',lw=3,label = 'Decad... |
H: Finding parameters with extreme values (classification with scikit-learn)
I am currently working with the forest cover type prediction from Kaggle, using classification models with scikit-learn. My main purpose is learning about the different models, so I don't pretend to discuss about which one is better.
When wor... |
H: What is the best way to scale a numerical dataset
I have a dataset with differents attributes which don't have the same range on their values which is a problem when we need to compute distance beetween objects. After some research i found that i can do the regularisation job with this formula : (value-min)/(max-mi... |
H: How to classify whether text answer is relevant to an initial text question
I have a text classification problem in which i need to classify an answer to a message as either relevant or not.
In the first phase of my calculations, I have already used a SVM to determine if the original message was relevant or not, d... |
H: Optimizing Weka for large data sets
First of all, I hope I'm in the right StackExchange here. If not, apologies!
I'm currently working with huge amounts of feature-value vectors. There are millions of these vectors (up to 20 million possibly). They contain some linguistic/syntactic features and their values are all... |
H: Question on decision tree in the book Programming Collective Intelligence
I'm currently studying Chapter 7 ("Modeling with Decision Trees") of the book "Programming Collective intelligence".
I find the output of the function mdclassify() p.157 confusing. The function deals with missing data. The explanation provid... |
H: Training Dataset required for Classifier
I am currently trying to develop a classifier in python using Naive Bayes technique. I need a dataset so that I can train it. My classifier would classify a new document given to it into one of the four categories : Science and technology, Sports, politics, Entertainment. Ca... |
H: Predicting earthquakes using disturbances in DTH TV transmission
It is said that before an earthquake happens, a viewer experiences disturbances in DTH TV transmission in the form of distorted images on the screen which automatically correct after a few seconds.
Is it possible to identify patterns of such disturban... |
H: Gradient Descent Step for word2vec negative sampling
For word2vec with negative sampling, the cost function for a single word is the following according to word2vec:
$$
E = - log(\sigma(v_{w_{O}}^{'}.u_{w_{I}})) - \sum_{k=1}^K log(\sigma(-v_{w_{k}}^{'}.u_{w_{I}}))
$$
$v_{w_{O}}^{'}$ = hidden->output word vector of ... |
H: What are Hybrid Classifiers used in Sentiment Analysis?
What are Hybrid classifiers used for sentiment analysis? How are they built? Please suggest good tutorial/book/link for reference. Also how are they different from other classifiers like SVM and Naive Bayes?
AI: In sentiment analysis you may want to combine a ... |
H: Downloading a large dataset on the web directly into AWS S3
Does anyone know if it's possible to import a large dataset into Amazon S3 from a URL?
Basically, I want to avoid downloading a huge file and then reuploading it to S3 through the web portal. I just want to supply the download URL to S3 and wait for them... |
H: How do I access data on my EBS Volume from R-Studio Server on Ubuntu EC2 Instance
I have setup R-Studio Server on an Ubuntu EC2 instance for the first time and successfully started r-studio server in my browser. I also have putty ssh client. How do I set path in r-studio server to my mounted EBS volume and why do I... |
H: Different definitions of Macro F1 score, which one is used in Scikit-learn?
In this article Macro F1 and Macro F1 two different definitions of the F1 used in the literature are demonstrated.
The first F1 score is computed such as:
F1 scores are computed for each class and then averaged via
arithmetic mean
The... |
H: keras CNN lstm add model depth
Would anyone have any advice on how to add model depth? This works below but I was hoping to experiment with adding in additional non-TimeDistributed layers.
# reshape from [samples, timesteps] into [samples, subsequences, timesteps, features]
n_features = 1
n_seq = 2
n_steps = 2
# ... |
H: Weights for unbalanced classification
I'm working with an unbalanced classification problem, in which the target variable contains:
np.bincount(y_train)
array([151953, 13273])
i.e. 151953 zeroes and 13273 ones.
To deal with this I'm using XGBoost's weight parameter when defining the DMatrix:
dtrain = xgb.DMatrix... |
H: Select best answer from several existing ones for a question
After analyzing questions on a forum, a human support team has created a set of general answers, that can be used to provide basic answers on the forum.
I am trying to build a system that:
Selects best answer from this set of answers for a given questi... |
H: Why to exclude features used for label generation during modeling?
I have a dataset like below without labels
But with the help of experts opinion, we generate labels based on the below 3 rules (all 3 rules has to be met to label it as 1)
So now the dataset looks like below
As you can see that my final dataset h... |
H: Should bias updates be porportional to overfitting?
According to questions on the internet, the bias is a learnable parameter,
and there are different solutions to updating it, but I failed to find a concise methodology of
correctly updating biases during training.
When I tried to overfit a small network, it f... |
H: Asynchronous Hyperparameter Optimization - Dependency between iterations
When using Asynchronous Hyperparameter Optimization packages such as scikit optimize or hyperopt with cross validation (e.g., cv = 2 or 4) and setting the number of iteration to N (e.g., N=100), should I expect:
Dependency between sequential ... |
H: Can one property name be used twice in the same branch of a DecisionTreeRegressor?
I am using this dataset for the analysis (Generated using make_regression of sklearn library)
I was trying to learn the DecisionTreeRegression algorithm of sklearn library. I used the following code to fit the regressor.
from sklear... |
H: redundancy or functional dependency of two columns
Being a beginner in Data Analysis I ask you not to be much judgemental about this question.
I was tring to find if there is a standard way (function?) in Pandas module to identify redundancy of a column. For example, notably for categorical data types, if a column... |
H: What is neural structure learning in tensorflow?
What is neural structure learning?
what is the difference between neural network vs neural structure
learning?
AI: It seems that you actually mean "neural structured learning".
From the Tensorflow webpage on their neural structured learning framework, it seems it is... |
H: Pre-processing mixed data prior to clustering
I am new to hierarchical clustering, and wish to perform clustering on mixed data. I am slightly confused on the necessary pre-processing steps. I understand how to pre-process purely continuous data, what I haven't been able to identify is what pre-processing steps are... |
H: can I use t-sne or PCA to reduce number of classes?
I wanted to know if I can use t-sne or PCA to reduce the number of classes depending on the similarity between them. For example, if I have 100 classes of 100 different animals and would like to put all the cats in a group and all the dogs in a group etc. (to get... |
H: Would it be okay to stop training my neural network?
When the validation error of my Neural Network that I am trying to train is slowly decreasing but not by much, is it okay to stop train the network at that point, or do I need to increase the training time until the minimum validation error is reached?
For instan... |
H: Discrimination vs Calibration - Machine Learning Models
I came across a new term called Calibration while reading about prediction models.
Can you please help me understand how different it is from Discrimination.
We build ML models to discriminate two/more classes from one another
But what does calibration mean an... |
H: When can you reorder log operations?
For example, you can reorder a softmax + nl (negative likelihood)
to log_softmax + nll (negative log-likelihood)
Essentially changing log(softmax(x)) to softmax(log(x))
However, what are the rules to reordering logging of things?
AI: In general, you cannot reorder like that. ... |
H: Change date in linear regression model
Im trying to run a linear regression model with Years as the x variable and temperature on the y variable but I keep getting errors. I manage to run a regression model using the below code and also predicting for a future date 2040. But what Im struggling with is to change the... |
H: ImageDataGenerator - trained with model.fit instead of model.fit_generator
I am a beginner in using the ImageDataGenerator from Keras and I accidentally used model.fit instead of model.fit_generator.
def gen_Image_data():
gen = ImageDataGenerator(
width_shift_range=0.1,
horizontal_flip=True... |
H: Multiclassification problem
I was wondering what happens when an image not in the training set is provided to the model in a multiclassification problem? Does it just classify something which is close to this image?
AI: As the model is not trained to recognize an image from this new specific class, the only thing i... |
H: How to interpret Keras predict output?
I am new in Keras and would want to apply a neural network on this dataset:
https://www.drivendata.org/competitions/57/nepal-earthquake/
I have proprocessed the dataset transforming categorical variables into numerical with pd.get_dummies pandas method. Also, target (that is ... |
H: Difference between Ridge and Linear Regression
From what I have understood, the Ridge Regression is just having the loss function for an optimization problem with the addition of the regularization term (L2 Norm in the case of Ridge). However I am not sure if the loss function can be described by a non-linear funct... |
H: What could be the reason of having a lower RMSE than MAE?
I used some machine learning algorithms in my dataset and I found that my RMSE goes low than the MAE. What are the most common reasons for that type of typical scenario. Since from my understanding the RMSE is normally higher than the MAE. But if I am wrong ... |
H: LogisticRegression NotImplementedError on fit function
im a newbie in data science or machine learning. i try to implement code from here, but i got error when try to call fit function
here is the code:
classification_data = dataset.drop([10], axis=1).values
classification_label = dataset[10].values
class Logistic... |
H: How to compute denominator in Naive Bayes?
Suppose we have class C_k and input feature vector x in dataset
How to calculate probability p(x)?
AI: in the Examples section of the Wikipedia article there is a nice example. The calculation of $p(\mathbf{x})$ can be done via
$$p(\mathbf{x}) = \sum_k p(C_k) \ p(\mathbf... |
H: How do I test a difference between two proportions representing fatality rate for Covid 19 in Philippines and World (except Philippines)?
I'm trying to analyse if the fatality rate from my country (A third world country) vary significantly from the world's fatality rate.
So I'd basically have two samples, labeled (... |
H: Processing train and test data
I have X numpy array as my features and y numpy array as my target. I split both of it into train and test data. From many QnA i have read they only say to preprocess both train and test separately. I assume i only do it to my feature (X) train and test data and not the target (y). Do... |
H: Skip Connections in Residual Modules
I am a beginner in CNN theory and would like to understand the usage of residual modules better.
As far as I understand residual modules can be skipped, only the activation function must be computed with the given input.
My question is: How does the network know if it should ski... |
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