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+ ---
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+ tags:
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+ - sentence-transformers
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+ - sentence-similarity
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+ - feature-extraction
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+ - information-retrieval
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+ - semantic-search
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+ base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
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+ pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
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+ library_name: sentence-transformers
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+ license: mit
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ metrics:
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+ - ndcg
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+ - recall
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+ - precision
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+ ---
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+
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+ # VMware Technical Documentation Embeddings
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+
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+ A specialized sentence-transformers model fine-tuned for semantic search and information retrieval in technical documentation, with a focus on enterprise infrastructure and virtualization technologies.
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+
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+ ## Model Details
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+
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+ ### Description
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+
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+ This model extends [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) with domain-specific fine-tuning for technical documentation retrieval. It generates 768-dimensional dense embeddings optimized for semantic similarity in enterprise technology contexts.
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+
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+ - **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer (BERT-based)
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+ - **Base Model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5)
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+ - **Embedding Dimension:** 768
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+ - **Max Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
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+ - **Language:** English
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+ - **License:** MIT
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+
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+ ### Intended Use
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+
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+ **Primary Use Cases:**
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+ - Semantic search over technical documentation
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+ - Information retrieval for enterprise infrastructure queries
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+ - RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) pipelines
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+ - Technical support knowledge bases
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+ - Enterprise search systems
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+
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+ **Optimized For:**
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+ - Natural language queries about technical topics
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+ - Documentation retrieval and ranking
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+ - Question answering systems
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+ - Knowledge management platforms
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+
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+ ### Out-of-Scope
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+
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+ This model is specialized for technical documentation and may not perform optimally for:
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+ - General domain text
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+ - Non-English languages
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+ - Code search or generation
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+ - Creative writing or entertainment content
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+
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+ ## Quick Start
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+
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+ ### Installation
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ pip install sentence-transformers
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Basic Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util
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+
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+ # Load model
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+ model = SentenceTransformer('your-username/vmware-embeddings-large-v1')
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+
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+ # Example queries and documents
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+ queries = [
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+ "How to configure high availability?",
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+ "Steps to install guest tools"
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+ ]
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+
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+ documents = [
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+ "High availability can be configured through the management interface...",
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+ "To install guest tools, first mount the ISO image..."
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+ ]
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+
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+ # Generate embeddings
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+ query_embeddings = model.encode(queries)
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+ doc_embeddings = model.encode(documents)
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+
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+ # Calculate similarity
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+ similarities = util.cos_sim(query_embeddings, doc_embeddings)
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+ print(similarities)
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Semantic Search Example
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util
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+
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+ model = SentenceTransformer('your-username/vmware-embeddings-large-v1')
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+
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+ # Your document corpus
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+ corpus = [
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+ "Documentation about high availability features...",
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+ "Guide for load balancing configuration...",
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+ "Instructions for live migration procedures..."
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+ ]
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+
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+ # Encode corpus
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+ corpus_embeddings = model.encode(corpus, convert_to_tensor=True)
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+
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+ # Query
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+ query = "How to enable high availability?"
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+ query_embedding = model.encode(query, convert_to_tensor=True)
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+
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+ # Search
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+ hits = util.semantic_search(query_embedding, corpus_embeddings, top_k=3)
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+
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+ # Display results
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+ for hit in hits[0]:
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+ print(f"Score: {hit['score']:.4f}")
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+ print(f"Document: {corpus[hit['corpus_id']]}\n")
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+ ```
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+
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+
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+ ## Performance
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+
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+ ### Evaluation Metrics
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+
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+ Evaluated on a held-out test set of 2,000 diverse technical queries:
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+
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+ | Metric | Base Model | Fine-tuned | Improvement |
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+ |--------|-----------|------------|-------------|
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+ | **Recall@1** | 0.637 | **0.759** | +19.2% |
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+ | **Recall@3** | 0.805 | **0.927** | +15.2% |
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+ | **Recall@5** | 0.853 | **0.956** | +12.1% |
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+ | **Recall@10** | 0.906 | **0.979** | +8.0% |
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+ | **NDCG@10** | 0.775 | **0.879** | +13.4% |
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+
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+ ### Key Performance Indicators
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+
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+ - ✅ **75.9%** top-1 accuracy
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+ - ✅ **92.7%** top-3 recall
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+ - ✅ **97.9%** top-10 recall
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+ - ✅ **0.879** NDCG@10 (excellent ranking quality)
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+
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+ ### Comparison with Base Model
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+
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+ The fine-tuned model shows consistent improvements across all metrics:
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+ - Higher recall at all k values
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+ - Better ranking quality (NDCG)
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+ - More accurate top-1 predictions
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+
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+ ## Training Details
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+
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+ ### Training Configuration
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+
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+ - **Framework:** sentence-transformers
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+ - **Loss Function:** MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
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+ - **Training Strategy:** Contrastive learning with hard negative mining
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+ - **Epochs:** 1
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+ - **Batch Size:** 64
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+ - **Learning Rate:** 2e-5
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+ - **Training Samples:** 671,972 query-document pairs
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+ - **Precision:** FP16
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+ - **Hardware:** NVIDIA RTX A6000 (49GB VRAM)
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+
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+ ### Model Architecture
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+
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+ ```
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+ SentenceTransformer(
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+ (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True})
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+ (1): Pooling({'pooling_mode_cls_token': True})
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+ (2): Normalize()
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+ )
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Limitations
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+
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+ ### Known Limitations
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+
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+ - **Domain-Specific:** Optimized for technical documentation; general domain performance not guaranteed
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+ - **English Only:** No multi-language support
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+ - **Context Length:** Limited to 512 tokens
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+ - **Recency:** Knowledge current as of training date
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+
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+ ### Recommendations
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+
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+ For optimal results:
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+
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+ 1. **Query Formulation:**
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+ - Use natural language questions
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+ - Include relevant technical terms
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+ - Keep queries under 512 tokens
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+
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+ 2. **Hybrid Search:**
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+ - Combine with keyword search (BM25) for best results
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+ - Use semantic search for understanding, keyword for precision
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+
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+ 3. **Batch Processing:**
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+ - Use `encode(..., batch_size=32)` for large collections
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+ - Enable `convert_to_tensor=True` for GPU acceleration
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+
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+ 4. **Reranking:**
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+ - Consider using a cross-encoder for final reranking
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+ - Retrieve top-100 with this model, rerank to top-10
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+
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+ ## Technical Specifications
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+
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+ ### Model Information
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+
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+ - **Parameters:** ~110M
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+ - **Architecture:** BERT-base
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+ - **Pooling:** CLS token
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+ - **Normalization:** L2
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+ - **Similarity Function:** Cosine similarity
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+
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+ ### Performance Benchmarks
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+
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+ | Hardware | Batch Size | Throughput |
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+ |----------|-----------|------------|
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+ | RTX 3090 | 32 | ~850 docs/sec |
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+ | A100 | 128 | ~2,100 docs/sec |
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+ | CPU (16 cores) | 8 | ~180 docs/sec |
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+
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+ ### Resource Requirements
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+
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+ **Minimum:**
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+ - GPU: 4GB VRAM (batch size 16)
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+ - CPU: 4 cores, 8GB RAM
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+
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+ **Recommended:**
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+ - GPU: 8GB+ VRAM (batch size 32+)
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+ - CPU: 8+ cores, 16GB+ RAM
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{vmware-embeddings-2024,
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+ author = {Your Name},
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+ title = {VMware Technical Documentation Embeddings},
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+ year = {2024},
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+ publisher = {Hugging Face},
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+ howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/your-username/vmware-embeddings-large-v1}}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Base Model Citation
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{bge-base-en-v1.5,
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+ author = {BAAI},
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+ title = {BGE Base English v1.5},
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+ year = {2023},
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+ publisher = {Hugging Face},
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+ howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5}}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Acknowledgments
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+
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+ - **Base Model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) by Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence
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+ - **Framework:** [sentence-transformers](https://www.sbert.net/) by UKPLab
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+
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+ ## License
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+
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+ MIT License
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+
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+ Copyright (c) 2024 [Your Name]
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+
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+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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+
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+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
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+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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+
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+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
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+ SOFTWARE.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ **Note:** This model is intended for research and development. For production use, ensure compliance with your organization's policies and applicable regulations.
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